Oyo State Research Articles

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.) PRODUCTION

Weed control being a very important operation in the production of cocoyam is costly, therefore, there is a need to evaluate the most economically viable method of weed control for the purpose of minimizing production cost to maximize profit. The experiment was conducted in 2018 at the Ido farm settlement in Ibadan, Oyo State. The experiment involved five pre-emergence herbicides (Diuron 3.2 kg a.i/ha, Indaziflam + Ixoxaflutole 300 g a.i/ha, Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone 0.32 kg a.i/ha, Sulfentrazone 600 g a.i/ha, S-Metolachlor + Atrazine 2.64 kg a.i/ha), weed free and weed check (control) laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Data were collected on corm and cormel yield parameters, inputs, and costs including revenue associated with herbicide and manual weeding treatments used in benefit: cost ratio analysis. Results showed that Diuron (6.7 t/ha) and Sulfentrazone (9.4 t/ha) gave better cormel and corm yield respectively than the other treatments. The highest benefit-cost ratio was achieved from Diuron-treated plots (4.97). Sulfentrazone and Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone treated plots also had a benefit-cost ratio of 2.86 and 2.76 respectively. Indaziflam + Ixoxaflutole and Metolachlor + Atrazine had a similar benefit-cost ratio of 2.71. A low benefit-cost ratio (1.99 ) was produced in weed-free plots while a benefit-cost ratio of less than 1 was observed in weedy check plots (0.76). Therefore, the highest net benefit with a high benefit-cost ratio can be achieved by using Diuron, Flumioxazin + Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone as pre-emergence herbicides in cocoyam production.

The Environmental Impact of Mining Activities in the Local Community: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

This study investigates the impact of mining activity on the environment of a local mining community. A novel approach was employed by contextualizing the role of deforestation and operational disturbance of mining activities in dragging environmental sustainability of the local community. This was anchored by specifying and estimating a structural equation model (SEM). Data used for the analysis were collected by administering questionnaires among 200 residents and indigenes of Ibise-Komu community in Oyo State, Nigeria. The instrument administration was facilitated by two indigenous volunteers who introduced the researcher to the community leaders who in turn mobilized the general community to participate in the study. The choice of this community was informed by the narratives of the locals that their environment has been perennially destroyed by the mining companies. The findings revealed that deforestation and operational disturbance are characteristic of the mining companies in the community, which have done little to champion the development of their host environment. As a result, the community environment is littered with land, water and air pollution which is majorly induced by indiscriminate mining of mineral deposits in the community. It is therefore recommended that the government and regulatory agencies should tie the operational license of the mining companies to their continuous compliance with environmental safety and sustainability of their host communities. This is a mechanism of managing conflicts between the community and the mines.

Knowledge and perceived benefits of telemedicine adoption and online medical consultation among healthcare professionals at Ade-Oyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State

<b>Background: </b>Healthcare professionals’ adoption of telemedicine is mainly influenced by their knowledge and perception of its benefits. This study was aimed at investigating the knowledge and perceived benefits of telemedicine and online medical consultation among healthcare professionals.<br /> <b>Materials & methods: </b>A cross-sectional survey conducted among health professionals at Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data was collected from 250 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire through a multi-stage sampling technique. SPSS version 26.0 was used for analysis. Spearman rho correlation was used to check the association between knowledge and perceived benefit at p-value ≤0. 05.<br /> <b>Results:</b> Respondents mean age was 38.7±9.2 years. 34.4% had at least 16 years of experience, 34.0% had master’s degree. The mean knowledge score was 9.9±1.7, 91.6% had good knowledge. Level of education, years of experience and ownership and efficiency in use of computer were the major factors influencing knowledge on telemedicine and online consultation. Knowledge of telemedicine and online consultation was positively with perceived benefit (p=0.024, r<sub>s</sub>=0.142).<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions: </b>Knowledge is a significant determinant of perceived benefit of telemedicine and online consultation.

Reducing mathematics anxiety among deaf learners through relaxation and rational emotive behaviour therapies: A randomised-control study

The effects of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) and Relaxation Therapy (RT) on mathematics anxiety (MA) were examined among Deaf learners (DLs) in Oyo State in Nigeria. The randomized controlled study adopted a purposive sampling procedure to select three schools for the Deaf and Deaf learners (DLs) in Oyo State. A random sampling procedure was employed to select 60 DLs who were assigned to two experimental groups REBT (n = 25; male = 10; female = 15), RT (n = 17; male = 8; female = 9), and a control group (n = 20; male = 11; female = 9). The Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS) was used to screen the participants. The data gathered were analysed using the analysis of variance and descriptive charts. The findings revealed the efficacy of the two therapeutic interventions in reducing MA among DLs. The estimated mean difference between the treatment and control groups showed the following: REBT (15.66), RT (11.63), and control group (9.99). This study, therefore, concluded that REBT and RT were effective at drastically reducing Deaf learners’ anxiety regarding mathematics. Appropriate recommendations were made and implications were highlighted for practice, policy, and research, based on the findings

Effect of Social Media On the Reading Culture of Selected Private Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Effect of Social Media On the Reading Culture of Selected Private Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Detection and genetic characterization of orf virus from sheep and goats in Nigeria.

Orf is a contagious, viral epitheliotropic disease of small ruminants. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of orf virus (ORFV) in breeds of small ruminants to determine the evolutionary diversity in Nigeria. Out of 54 small ruminants screened, the number of animals that were positive for ORFV in the three locations were 25. The distribution of positive animals by location were FCT 45.0% (n = 9/20), Oyo State 42.9% (6/14), and Plateau State 50.0% (n = 10/20). ORFV sequences from this study clustered with viruses detected in Taiwan, Iran, USA, and France. Our findings highlight the risk of transmission across geographic boundaries in Nigeria and West Africa, and reinforces the need for increased surveillance to prevent and control spread. Comprehensive characterization of ORFV in small ruminants as well as in humans in Nigeria is required to better elucidate the epidemiological dynamics and the virus evolution.

Tenterhooks of corona virus (COVID-19) on food and nutrition security, and economic status of agri-business farmers in Oyo state Nigeria

Tenterhooks of corona virus (COVID-19) on food and nutrition security, and economic status of agri-business farmers in Oyo state Nigeria

Utilisation of weather forecast information amongst maize farmers in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

This study investigated the use of weather forecast information (WFI) as an adaptation measure of climate change among maize farmers in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents for this study. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain data, summarized and presented by using tables, frequency counts, percentages and means while Chi-square and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the relationships between variables. Results showed that the mean age, household size, farming experience, average annual income and farm size were 44.9 years, 8 people, 23.2 years, N692,583.3 and 5.0 ha respectively. Also, radio (95.8%) and fellow farmers (94.2%) were the key sources by which the respondents accessed weather forecast information. Half (50 %) of the respondents had a favourable perception towards WFI. Also, 55.8% of the respondents had high usage of WFI. However, its usage was impeded by poor agricultural extension service (=3.58), inadequate extension training on weather forecast (=3.42), lack of assistance in interpreting WFI (=3.40), inadequate electric power supply (=3.28), inadequate knowledge of WFI (=3.16), language barrier (=3.05) and untimeliness of WFI (=3.04). Statistically, there existed a significant association between the respondents’ land ownership and the utilisation of WFI (ꭓ2=13.218, p<0.01). Pearson correlation result revealed a significant relationship (p˂0.01) between maize farmers’ perception of WFI and its utilisation. (r=0.445, p<0.01). For improved adaptation to climate change in the study area, the study suggested an improved agricultural extension service to which could be achieved through the provision of climate field schools to improve farmers’ comprehension, interpretation, and utilisation of WFI.

Determinants of breast cancer screening utilization among female healthcare workers in selected hospitals in Ogbomoso, Oyo state

Objective: The study aimed at identifying the determinants of breast cancer screening among FHW in the three levels of care. FHW have greater influence on women's positive perception of breast cancer.
 Method: Descriptive cross- sectional design was employed. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data collected with the aid of validated structured questionnaire. Data analyzed using SPSS version 22 and presented in tables and graphs. The hypotheses were tested using chi square at 0.05 level of significance.
 Results: Findings revealed that 40 (18.6%) were doctors, 104 (48.4%) nurses and 71 (32.4%) others. Majority of the respondents (81.4%) had good knowledge of BSE, 73.4% had good knowledge of CBE, however, more than half of the respondents (52.6%) had poor knowledge of mammography. Age, lack of time, financial constraints, fear of positive diagnosis among others were some of the factors identified.
 Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had good knowledge. However, only the practice of BSE was good while the others were poor. Therefore, there is an urgent need for sensitization of FHW on the need to undergo the screening especially clinical breast examination and mammography

Succession Planning and Business Continuity of Family-Owned Business in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study investigates the effects of succession planning on the business continuity of family- owned businesses in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and computed a sample size of three hundred and sixty-eight (368) from The Nigerian Association of Small and Medium Enterprises NASME database of registered family businesses of eight-thousand three hundred and ninety- six registered family-owned businesses in Lagos state using the Cochran sample size formula. The senior staff and owners of family-owned businesses in Lagos state were purposively selected to fill out the structured questionnaires of the study. The questionnaires were adapted from previous studies and validated via a pilot study conducted in the Oluyole industrial area of Ibadan southwest, Oyo state, Nigeria. The study adopted SPSS version 25 for the descriptive statistics and Smart PLS version 4.0 for the inferential statistics to analyse the data. The study's findings revealed that succession planning influences 30.2% of business continuity, while the remaining 69.8% can be explained by the other exogenous variables different from business continuity. The study concludes that succession planning positively influences the business continuity of family-owned businesses in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Effect of Knowledge Acquisition on Organizational Performance

In today's ever-evolving and fiercely competitive business environment, the acquisition, assimilation, and effective utilization of knowledge have emerged as quintessential drivers of organizational success. Knowledge acquisition, which encompasses not just the accumulation of data but also the cultivation of tacit and explicit knowledge, plays a pivotal role in fuelling innovation, facilitating informed decision-making, and fostering adaptability. This study examines the impact of knowledge acquisition on organizational performance, with a null hypothesis guiding the inquiry. The research design adopted was survey research, A purposive technique was utilized. A sample size of 412 respondents from selected manufacturing companies in Oyo State, Nigeria, formed the study's subject group. Data collection was executed through a questionnaire, with a rigorous validation process. The findings of this study indicate a significant positive effect of knowledge acquisition on organizational performance. Enhanced knowledge acquisition is shown to empower organizations to achieve sustainability by developing new competencies that cascade across different organizational levels. This underscores the vital role of knowledge acquisition in positively influencing organizational performance. It was recommended that organizations invest in structured knowledge acquisition processes, mentorship programs, and knowledge management systems. Fostering a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing should also be a top priority, as these measures are poised to yield substantial enhancements in overall organizational performance and long-term sustainability.

Impact of Knowledge Application and Knowledge Conversion on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Analysis

This work examines the effect of knowledge application and knowledge conversion on organizational performance among manufacturing firms in Ibadan Oyo State. The research design adopted is the survey research design. Stratified random sampling technique was used. The sample size of two hundred respondents was selected from six manufacturing firms in Ibadan that served as the population of this study. Of the two hundred (200) questionnaire administered to the respondents, one hundred and ninety-two (192) copies were successfully completed and retrieved for the analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for the analysis. Results of the finding show that knowledge application has a significant positively relationship with four sub- variables of organizational performance namely, revenue (r = .492**, p = .000), financial strength (r = .538**, p = .000), public image (r = .543**, p = .000) and goodwill (r = .463**, p = .000). Knowledge conversion is also positively related to the four sub-variables of organizational performance namely, revenue (r = .442**, p = .000), financial strength (r = .537**, p = .000), public image (r = .478**, p = .000) and goodwill (r = .443**, p = .000). The study concluded that the knowledge management has a significantly effect on organizational performance. It was recommended that organizations should redefine ways to promote knowledge conversion in order to maximize human potential in the workplace. Also, organization needs to combine the technology infrastructure, processes, incentives and culture in order to motivate employees to integrate and use knowledge management, in order to keep up with ever-changing business environment, and to ensure organizational success in addressing unforeseen challenges.

Effect of Customer Rewards and Incentives on Organizational Performance in Some Selected Publishing Companies in South-Western Nigeria

In today's dynamic business landscape marked by rapid changes in customer preferences and market dynamics, organizations acknowledge the crucial importance of fostering lasting relationships with their clients. This study examined the relationship between customer rewards and organizational performance within selected publishing companies operating in the vibrant business environment of South-Western Nigeria. This research utilized a cross-sectional survey methodology, engaging a sample of 401 employees representing 40 publishing companies situated in Oyo State, Nigeria. The selection of participants was meticulously conducted through a straightforward random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire, incorporating Likert scale questions, served as the primary tool for data collection. This instrument was designed to gather comprehensive data encompassing demographic characteristics, customer rewards and incentives (independent variable), and organizational performance (dependent variable). The study found a significant and positive impact of customer rewards and incentives on organizational performance, with real-life implications for strategic decision-making. The research emphasizes the need for tailored rewards programs, considering factors like word-of-mouth marketing, customer loyalty, and financial impact. This study contributes valuable insights for businesses seeking to optimize customer relationships and enhance organizational success.

Knowledge and usage of clothing labels among students in tertiary institutions

The study assessed the knowledge and usage of clothing label among tertiary institution students in Oyo State. Specifically, it examined the knowledge of respondents about clothing label and determined the level of its usage among the respondents. The study was carried out in Oyo Local Government Area of Oyo State. Tertiary institutions in Oyo town were purposely selected for the study. One hundred and forty students were selected in each school for interview through the use of a structured questionnaire. Data were summarised with the use of descriptive tools while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results show that 48.6 percent were male while 51.4 percent were female, majority (90%) was single, and were students of College of Education (66.2%) in 300 level (34.8%). Both the male (46.7%) and female students (49%) had average level of knowledge about clothing label while both the male (46.2%) and female (44.3%) also had average level of usage of clothing label. Results of ANOVA indicated non-significant differences between knowledge (F = 0.005) and usage (F = 0.001) of clothing labels among male and female respondents of tertiary institutions. Therefore, there is the need to educate the respondents on the importance of the use of clothing labels by the textile experts and manufacturers in order to avoid untimely damage of their clothing and reduced cost of frequent procurement as a result of careless use.

Seasonal determinant of expected poverty status among cashew farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria

This study investigated the seasonal determinant of expected poverty status among cashew farmers in Oyo State. Multistage random sampling procedure was used to collect panel data from cashew farmers in Oyo State. Ogbomoso Agricultural Development Project (ADP) zone was purposively selected out of the four ADP zones in Oyo State due to high concentration of cashew farmers in the zone, then based on proportionate to size technique a total of 25 villages were selectfromthe LGAs.Finally 10 farmers were selected from each of this villages. This resulted in a total of250respondents, but due to absence of 29 respondents during off-season, 221 respondents were used for the study. The Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT), descriptive statistics and Three-Stage Feasible Generalized Least Squares (3FGLS) were used to analyze data collected. Result showed that 68.80% of the cashew farmers were poor during off-season, with high poverty intensity (47.40%) and severity (38.10%), respectively. During on-season, 57.90% of cashew farmers were poor, poverty intensity and severity were 38.10% and 30.80% respectively. 40% of the farmers poor in both seasons. 28.05% of them transited from poor to non-poor, about 17.65% of non-poor transited into poor while only 28.10% were non-poor in both seasons.3FGLS result shows that seasonal production of cashew and household size were inversed related (p=0.001) with poverty status of the respondents. Farming experience, age and gender positively (p=0.001) influenced farmers’ poverty status positively. Conclusively, majority of cashew farmers were poor while poverty intensity and severity increased more during off-season.

Effect of educational level on the technical efficiency of poultry farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria

It is widely recognized that poultry farming productivity is not only influenced by technology/inputs enhancements but also by the efficiency with which available technologies/inputs are used. Technical inefficiency has also been attributed to farmer’s inability to correctly use farm inputs as prescribed, poor management practices etc. all of which are affected by the farmers’ level of knowledge. This study broadly assessed the effect of educational level of poultry egg farmers on their technical efficiency. A 4-stage sampling procedure was used to select 180 respondents. Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain data; descriptive analysis was used to assess educational level, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate technical efficiency, robust Ordinary Least Square regression to determine the effect of educational level on the farmers’ technical efficiency. This study found that 65.5% of the respondents had tertiary education, 15.6% had secondary education, 5% had primary education and 13.9% had no formal education. The mean efficiency of the respondents is 0.426, implying that they are more technically inefficient (57.4%) than they are technically efficient (42.6%). Secondary and tertiary education were found to have positive significant effects on the technical efficiency of the respondents at 1%. That is, farmers’ technical efficiency does not stop increasing at tertiary level of education as further search for knowledge facilitates higher efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended that poultry farmers should frequently undergo adequate and relevant education, workshop and training; adopt input minimisation and output maximisation management practices. Manual/literature accompanying drugs, vaccines and other poultry inputs should be clearly explained.

Workplace Ethical Communication and Quality Service Delivery of State-owned Tertiary Institutions, Oyo State, Nigeria

Internal communications may be as ancient as the practice of communicating organizational values in the workplace. Maintaining a strong culture of compliance at work requires ethical communication. When executed properly, ethical communications may reduce total risk and improve the delivery of high-quality services. But organizations’ risk serious financial, legal, and reputational consequences when they disregard ethics. A service is efficient when the same objectives are accomplished with the help of available resources and successful when the results or accomplishments are valuable to the consumers. Quality has always been the cornerstone of any developed and successful institution around the world. However, preliminary investigations revealed that quality service delivery in State-owned tertiary institutions is on the decline. As a result, this study examined how workplace ethical communication affect the provision of high-quality services in state-owned tertiary institutions in Oyo State, Nigeria. 2,273 management employees at the top and intermediate levels from the six institutions under investigation make up the study's population. The sample size was 329 gotten from Raosoft sample size determinant. Cross sectional survey was adopted for this study. Findings revealed that work ethics significantly influence quality service delivery of State-owned tertiary institutions, Oyo State, Nigeria (Adj R2=0.628; p=0.000, Q2 =0.472). This study concluded that workplace ethical communication and its quality service delivery are inextricably linked. The study recommended that management of the selected State-owned tertiary institutions should ensure that strategies are put in place for strict compliance to ethics and positive attitude being a pre-requisite in delivering quality service

Fatty Acid Profile Analyses of Three Freshwater Fish Species from Igboho Reservoir, Oyo State, Nigeria

This study investigated the fatty acid profile of three freshwater fish species from igboho reservoir Oyo state Nigeria. This is as a result of a great degree of interest on fatty acids on human health. The fishes used in this study are snakehead (Parachanna obscura, Gunther 1844), African mud fish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) and African pike (Hepsetus odoe, Blotch, 1794). The fatty acid profile analysis showed the existence of Saturated (SFA), Monosaturated (MUFA) and Polysaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. Results obtained showed a wide range of Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (30.24-33.37%), Saturated fatty acids (SFA) (38.51-53.98%) and Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (13.28-24.30%). Palmitic and Stearic acids were the major fatty acids in saturated fatty acid group, Oleic and Palmitoleic acids were the predominant fatty acids in Monosaturated fatty acid group while Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Linoleic acid were the major Polyunsaturated fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 ratio values of the three fish species is below 1.0 which fall within the proposed dietary intake standard (0.25-1.0) and a good indication that the three fish species can supply the required essential acid needed by Man. Moreover, the PUFA/SFA coefficient ratio of P. obscura exceeded the minimum value by HMSO which represents an advantageous impart when consumed by Man.

Use of Electronic Devices in the Teaching and Learning of the English Language in Oyo State Senior Secondary Schools

Purpose: The dwindling standard of Nigerian students’ performances in SSCE English language has become worsened. As a result, this study will focus at employing electronic approach in language teaching called Computer Assisted Language Teaching (CALL) to improve the learners’ poor performances in WASSCE, NECO and UTME and other English language external examinations. Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) is a novel electronic approach to language pedagogy being introduced in 1980s in Deakin University, USA was used in this research as a theoretical tool.
 Methodology: This research used Brade’s (2007) teleconferencing and Sussaine Herring’s (2001) Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) as theoretical framework for the study. Coupled with this, questionnaires was administered among 360 students and 36 teachers from 18 purposively selected senior secondary schools in Oyo State. Stratified randomly sampling approach was used in selecting the respondents. Besides, electronic tools like projector and other power-point gadgets down-linked equipment gadgets that are used in electronic language teaching called tele-conferencing was purchased for teaching the respondents. A lecture room was furnished for keeping the gadgets purchased and for using video or tele-conferencing in language teaching in teaching the respondents.
 Findings: The findings revealed that this electronic approach to English language in Nigeria has improve the poor standard of students’ performances in external examinations like WASSCE, NECO and also improve students’ communicative and linguistic competence in English language in Oyo State.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The government and educational authorities in Oyo State should prioritize investments in digital infrastructure, including providing schools with an adequate number of electronic devices and ensuring reliable internet connectivity. This will facilitate seamless integration of technology into the teaching and learning process.

Effect of video-mediated extension on stakeholders’ propensity to participate in maize-grain-poultry-feed agribusiness cluster in Oyo state, Nigeria

The study examined the effect of video mediated extension on stakeholders’ propensity to participate in maize-grain-poultry-feed agribusiness cluster (ABC) in Oyo state, Nigeria. A total of 111 prospective maize-grain-to-poultry-feed actors were sampled using a multistage sampling procedure. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA (at ?0.05). Most (78.4%) were not aware of ABC before the video mediated extension. After the video intervention, majority (84%) rated ABC as highly beneficial, with enhancement of productivity (192.8) as the most rated. Inadequate finance (182.9) and poor record/inventory (180.2) were regarded as the most severe constraints perceived to affect ABC formation and sustainability. Further result post video-mediated intervention reveals that majority of the stakeholders (82.9%) became knowledgeable about ABC while 96.4% were rated highly willing to involve in ABC. Significant difference existed in the knowledge of ABC before (mean = 4.68) and after (mean = 83.39) the VME (p = 0.000). There was no significant difference in the willingness to participate in ABC across the different actors (p = 0.221). The study concludes that video mediated extension was effective as it engendered high propensity and practicality of agribusiness cluster for the poultry feed value chain among key actors.