Oxygen Sulfide Research Articles

STEREOCHEMISTRY OF SULFOXIDES BY ENZYMATIC OXYGENATION OF SULFIDES WITH RABBIT LIVER MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME P-450

Abstract Asymmetric induction and diastereomeric ratio in the enzymatic oxygenation of various sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides with hepatic mirosomal cytochrome P-450 obtained from phenobarbital pretreated rabbit were investigated in comparison with those of nonenzymatic oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid and sodium metaperiodate. While substantial asymmetric inductions were observed in the sulfoxides formed by the enzymattc oxygenations, diastereomeric ratios of the sutfoxides formed were also quite different from those obtained by oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid and sodium metaperiodate.

NATURE OF PEROXY INTERMEDIATES PRODUCER BY THE PHOTOSENSITIZED OXYGENATION OF DIETHYL SULFIDE AND PHENYLBENZOYL DIAZOMETHANE: KINETIC STUDIES BY CO‐OXIDATION WITH 4‐MONO SUBSTITUTED DIPHENYL SULFIDES

Abstract— Competitive oxidations of pairs of 4‐monosubstituted diphenyl sulfides by intermediates produced in the photosensitized oxygenation of diethyl sulfide and phenylbenzoyl diazomethane were carried out in methanol and benzene, respectively. Relative rates of oxidation correlate well with Ham‐mett's a, and p values of ‐0.61 (oxidation in the presence of diethyl sulfide) and ‐0.32 (oxidation in the presence of phenylbenzoyl diazomethane) show that the diphenyl sulfides oxidizing intermediates have electrophilic character. In the photosensitized oxygenation of sulfides and diazo compounds, peroxy intermediates (a persulfoxide and a carbonyl oxide, respectively) have been proposed as the most probable intermediates.

Oxygenation of alkyl sulfides with ferrous perchlorate/ascorbic acid/oxygen system

In the oxidation of alkyl sulfides bearing acidic α-hydrogens eiher with phenobarbital induced rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, or with the Udenfriend's model system (ferous perchlorate/ascorbic acid/oxygen system), both S-dealkylation and S-monoxygenation took place concurrently. Meanwhile, in the oxidation of simple alkyl sulfides, steeoselective S-monooxygenation was found of occur predominantly.

Photosensitized oxygenation of alkenes and sulfides via a non-singlet-oxygen mechanism

Photosensitized oxygenation of alkenes and sulfides via a non-singlet-oxygen mechanism

Accelerated Corrosion of Copper in Flowing Pure Water Contaminated with Oxygen and Sulfide

Abstract Studies of the corrosion of OFHC copper in water contaminated with sulfide, oxygen, or sulfide plus oxygen have shown that the presence of either sulfide (48 to 1940 ppb) plus low oxygen (29 to 60 ppb) or oxygen alone (865 to 6950 ppb) leads to low corrosion rates. However, when both sulfide and oxygen are present in certain concentration ranges, dramatic increases in the corrosion rate result. As little as 56 ppb sulfide in water containing 870 ppb oxygen can increase the corrosion rate by an order of magnitude. A mechanistic model that explains the synergism has been developed.

Singlet oxygen reaction. III. Solvent and temperature effects on the photosensitized oxygenation of vinyl sulfides and vinyl ethers

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSinglet oxygen reaction. III. Solvent and temperature effects on the photosensitized oxygenation of vinyl sulfides and vinyl ethersWataru Ando, Kazuo Watanabe, Junji Suzuki, and Toshihiko MigitaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 21, 6766–6768Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00828a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (338 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Formation of polysulfides in aqueous solution.

Abstract Polysulfides are found to be the reaction intermediates in the oxygenation of aqueous sulfide. The pH dependence of the reaction rates is directly related to the formation of polysulfides. In general, the peak of polysulfide concentrations fall within the range pH 7.0 ± 0.4, and decrease drastically in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Under one atmospheric pressure of oxygen and sulfide concentrations of 10-3 to 10-2M, the corresponding maximum yield of polysulfide conversion varies from 14% to 8%. Usually, for solutions ranging from slightly acidic to neutral, the peak of polysulfide formations comes within half an hour to three hours after the preparation of the reaction mixture. Polysulfides disappear thereafter to form sulfur and sulfur oxyanions. The results confirm a previously proposed reaction mechanism on the oxygenation of sulfide in neutral solution environment involving sulfide, polysulfide, sulfur and sulfur oxyanions.

Fatal poisoning and other health hazards connected with industrial fishing.

<b>Dalgaard, J. B., Dencker, F., Fallentin, B., Hansen, P., Kaempe, B., Steensberg, J., and Wilhardt, P. (1972).</b><i>Brit. J. industr. Med.,</i><b>29,</b> 307-316. <b>Fatal poisoning and other health hazards connected with industrial fishing.</b> The literature about death and health problems related to work with fish for industrial use is reviewed. Three fatal cases and several instances of unconsciousness or cases of fainting are reported. An investigation was carried out into the composition of the air in the holds and forecastles of Danish industrial-fishing cutters on their arrival at port. The laboratory procedures are described, and the results are reported. In several instances the low concentrations of oxygen and/or high concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide found were considered to be hazardous to life. The fatalities and sudden loss of consciousness in the reported cases are ascribed to these changes, hypoxia and hypercapnia being the most important causes. The risk of poisoning seems to be greatest during the landing of trash-fish and in fish-meal plants. Persons under the influence of alcohol may, for one reason or another, be particularly susceptible. The most important preventive measure is improvement of the quality of the raw material which would also reduce the nuisance from smell. Two safety belts with ropes should be provided in the vessels and close to the pits in the fish-meal plants. Fishermen should leave the vessel after arrival in port and not return until after unloading has been completed. During unloading and in the factories, effective mechanical ventilation is essential. Apparatus to monitor the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and ammonia should be available in the fishing ports, and cases of accident, including mere `faintings9, should be subjected to prompt medical and technical investigation. From the occupational medical aspect, fishermen are in a less satisfactory situation than workers on shore. An occupational health service, including pre-employment and periodic examinations of personnel and working conditions, is recommended.

Oxidation of Sulfide by O 2 : Catalysis and Inhibition

Reaction rates between sulfide and oxygen in the presence of extraneous substances were studied. Divalent metal ions and organic substances such as phenols and aldehydes were found to exert accelerating effects. Compounds containing a basic nitrogen with a free electron pair were found to be chain-breakers and to inhibit the reaction. Four types of influence were observed in this study: (1) A shortening or lengthening of the induction period; (2) a change in the stoichiometry of the reaction; (3) a change in reaction rate; and (4) an induced oxidation of the added organic material. It is concluded that the treatment of sulfide-bearing industrial wastewater as well as the oxygenation of sulfide in natural environment can be greatly accelerated through proper use of catalysts.

Oxygenation of hydrogen sulfide in seawater at constant salinity, temperature and pH

Oxygenation of hydrogen sulfide in seawater at constant salinity, temperature and pH

The microstructure of hydrogen sulphide flames

Flat hydrogen sulphideoxygen flames were probed with the aid of a mass spectrometer and a refined micro-collection and analysis procedure, allowing profiles to be developed for sulphur monoxide, sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide formation. Kinetic analysis of the profiles yields a consistent mechanism for the stepwise oxidation of hydrogen sulphide through SO, SO 2 and SO 3. An unusual formation of SO 3 occurs in the pre-flame region as a consequence of SO oxidation. This pre-flame SO 3 is rapidly reduced in the flame and subsequently is re-formed in appreciable quantities in the post-flame region as a consequence of the oxygen-atom oxidation of SO 2. The data allow estimation of the levels of O, H, OH and SH in the flame, as well as many rate constants. Taking the activation energy from other work, the rate constant for SO 3 formation, SO 2+ O+ M⇆ SO 3+ M, is k=2·22×10 15exp(−6000/ RT) cm 6 mole −2 sec −1

APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS TO AN OPEN SEA LOCH

INVESTIGATIONS carried out at Loch Craiglin, a small arm of Loch Sween1, have shown that the productivity of an enclosed sea loch can be raised by the addition of sodium nitrate and superphosphate, just as the productivity of a laboratory culture or a freshwater pond can be increased by the addition of plant nutrients. However, the hydrographic and biological conditions in Loch Craiglin were rather atypical: the small depth, the fluctuating and, on the whole, low salinity in the upper layers, the high hydrogen sulphide and low oxygen concentration in the deeper water, the profuse growth of seaweed and eel grass, the soft muddy ground, all were factors which made this experiment a severe test.

A Comparison of Synchronous Experimental Changes in Respiratory and Cardiac Rhythm of the Dog.

This study attempts to establish the degree of similarity of response of 2 rhythmically discharging systems to similar changes in environmental conditions with the tentative assumption that similar response is indicative of a similar fundamental mechanism operating in the pace setter of respiration and the pace setter of the heart. The subject of respiratory rhythm might thus be put on a more fundamental basis and become susceptible to a more direct analysis.Lowered alveolar oxygen and intravenous injection of sodium cyanide and sodium sulphide augmented respiratory and cardiac rate in a comparable way. Comparable changes in rate were obtained after section of the vagus nerves and removal of the stellate ganglia.Administration of carbon dioxide almost invariably slowed the heart. When administered in pure oxygen, though the magnitude of respiratory movements was always increased, there was either slight or no reduction in rate or slight acceleration. When carbon dioxide was administered in a gaseous mixtu...