Formation Of Oxygen Vacancies Research Articles

Origin of the Activity of Electrochemical Ozone Production over Rutile PbO2 Surfaces.

Ozonation water treatment technology has attracted increasing attention due to its environmental benign and high efficiency. Rutile PbO2 is a promising anode material for electrochemical ozone production (EOP). However, the reaction mechanism underlying ozone production catalyzed by PbO2 was rarely studied and not well-understood, which was in part due to the overlook of the electrochemistry-driven formation of oxygen vacancy (OV) of PbO2. Herein, we unrevealed the origin of the EOP activity of PbO2 starting from the electrochemical surface state analysis using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, activity analysis, and catalytic volcano modeling. Interestingly, we found that under experimental EOP potential (i.e., a potential around 2.2 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), OV can still be generated easily on PbO2 surfaces. Our subsequent kinetic and thermodynamic analyses show that these OV sites on PbO2 surfaces are highly active for the EOP reaction through an interesting atomic oxygen (O*)-O2 coupled mechanism. In particular, rutile PbO2(101) with the "in-situ" generated OV exhibited superior EOP activities, outperforming (111) and(110). Finally, by catalytic modeling, we found that PbO2 is close to the theoretical optimum of the reaction, suggesting a superior EOP performance of rutile PbO2. All these analyses are in good agreement with experimental observations.

Laser‐processed lithium niobate wafer for pyroelectric sensor

AbstractDuring the past few decades, pyroelectric sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their prominent features. However, their effectiveness is hindered by low electric output. In this study, the laser processed lithium niobate (LPLN) wafers are fabricated to improve the temperature–voltage response. These processed wafers are utilized to construct pyroelectric sensors as well as human–machine interfaces. The laser induces escape of oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancies, which enhance the charge transport capability on the surface of lithium niobate (LN). Therefore, the electrodes gather an increased quantity of charges, increasing the pyroelectric voltage on the LPLN wafers to a 1.3 times higher voltage than that of LN wafers. For the human–machine interfaces, tactile information in various modes can be recognized by a sensor array and the temperature warning system operates well. Therefore, the laser modification approach is promising to enhance the performance of pyroelectric devices for applications in human–machine interfaces.image

Changeable Active Sites by Pr Doping CuSA-TiO2 Photocatalyst for Excellent Hydrogen Production.

Photocatalytic water splitting for clean hydrogen production has been a very attractive research field for decades. However, the insightful understanding of the actual active sites and their impact on catalytic performance is still ambiguous. Herein, a Pr-doped TiO2-supported Cu single atom (SA) photocatalyst is successfully synthesized (noted as Cu/Pr-TiO2). It is found that Pr dopants passivate the formation of oxygen vacancies, promoting the density of photogenerated electrons on the CuSAs, and optimizing the electronic structure and H* adsorption behavior on the CuSA active sites. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the obtained Cu/Pr-TiO2 catalyst reaches 32.88mmolg-1h-1, 2.3 times higher than the Cu/TiO2. Innovatively, the excellent catalytic activity and performance is attributed to the active sites change from O atoms to CuSAs after Pr doping is found. This work provides new insight for understanding the accurate roles of single atoms in photocatalytic water splitting.

(Invited) Role of Oxidant Gas for Atomic Layer Deposition of HfxZr1−XO2 Thin Films on Ferroelectricity of Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal Capacitors

We fabricated 400°C-annealed TiN/HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO)/TiN metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) capacitors using H2O and O2 plasma as oxidant gases of thermal (TH) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD), respectively, for HZO films. The PE-ALD film formed a more ferroelectric orthorhombic phase compared with the TH-ALD case. Therefore, the MFM capacitor with the PE-ALD film showed higher remanent polarization and dielectric constant. For the PE-ALD case, moreover, an oxygen-rich interfacial layer (O-rich-IL) was formed between the HZO film and TiN-bottom electrode during the ALD process. Thus, the MFM capacitor with the PE-ALD film showed less degradation of switching polarization during field cycling compared with the TH-ALD case, because an O-rich-IL should prevent the interface reaction and formation of additional oxygen vacancies in the PE-ALD film during field cycling. Based on these results, it is important to consider the selection of an ALD oxidant gas for the fabrication of HZO-based MFM capacitors.

Defect/disorder correlated modification of transport properties from hopping to tunneling processes in BaTiO3–LaFeO3 solid solution

Crystal structure, bandgap, and the changes in the charge conduction mechanisms in ceramics are interrelated, and the underlying physics unifies all these different phenomena. The experimental and theoretical evaluation of the electronic properties of the solid solution of (1 − x)BaTiO3–(x)LaFeO3 (x = 0, 0.015, 0.031, 0.062) is attempted in this work. Bandgap was observed to be tunable with La/Fe doping from 3.2 eV (x = 0) to 2.6 eV (x = 0.06), while the lattice disorder was found to increase. A theoretical assessment confirms a considerable shift of valence band maxima and conduction band minima with an introduction of additional defect states within the bandgap. Electron localization was also confirmed theoretically with doping. Such changes in the electronic properties were experimentally confirmed from dielectric/AC - conductivity/impedance spectroscopy studies. From different transportation models, hopping is a preferred mechanism in the less distorted BaTiO3. However, a large polaron tunneling process can be justified for the doped samples at lower temperatures. Only at higher temperatures, a small polaron tunneling can be justified for the doped samples. The transportation is affected by the grain boundaries as much as the grains themselves. A complete analysis using Nyquist plots reveals the competing contributions of these regions to the transportation mechanism and is correlated to the disorder/distortions in the lattice in terms of the formation of oxygen vacancies.

A review on Fe2O3‐based catalysts for toluene oxidation: catalysts design and optimization with the formation of abundant oxygen vacancies

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are typical pollutants with hazards for humans and the environment, and can be efficiently mitigated by catalytic combustion. Fe2O3‐based catalysts are a promising choice due to their low cost and strong redox ability. Several attempts have been made to promote the catalytic performance of Fe2O3 at low temperatures. This review summarizes the research progress on Fe2O3‐based catalysts for the oxidation of toluene, one of the most common and harmful VOC. Firstly, the properties and catalytical performance for Fe2O3‐based catalysts were summarized, and the reaction mechanisms for toluene oxidation on the surface of Fe2O3 were detailed to comprehend the role of oxygen vacancy. Then, the modification for single Fe2O3 catalysts, including synthesis parameters, structure and morphology control, has been introduced to reveal the correlation between physicochemical properties of catalysts and their activity. In addition, composite Fe2O3 catalysts, which can promote catalytic performance significantly due to the synergetic effect between different components, were comprehended. Finally, waste‐derived Fe2O3 catalysts with sustainable merit as converting waste into worth have been discussed. Moreover, the advanced machine learning tools, which are helpful in accelerating catalyst design, configuration optimization and reactivity prediction, have been introduced as an emerging research opportunity for the future.

Oxygen Vacancy-Laden Confinement Impact on Degradation of Metal Complexes.

Oxygen vacancies (Vo) have been recognized as the superior active site for PS-mediated environmental remediation; however, the formation and activation of Vo associated with the effects of chemical and spatial environments remain ambiguous. Herein, attributing to the low defect-formation energy of Vo in the presence of sulfonate groups, an in situ nucleating Vo-laden CuO nanosheet was deliberately fabricated inside the phase of a sulfonated mesoporous polystyrene substrate (Vo-CuO@SPM). The as-prepared nanocomposite demonstrated an excellent treatment efficiency toward metal complexes [Cu-EDTA as a case] with ignorable Cu(II) leaching, and it can be repeatedly employed for 25 recycles (not limited). Mechanistically, the electron transfer and the mass transport for PDS nonradical activation were proved to be substantially enhanced by the delocalized electrons and with the assistance of the microchannel environment. This work not only establishes insight into the formation of oxygen vacancies but also reveals the PS activation mechanism in the spatially confined sites.

Highly Dispersed Mn-Doped Ceria Supported on N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

The weak adsorption of oxygen on transition metal oxide catalysts limits the improvement of their electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Herein, a dopamine-assisted method is developed to prepare Mn-doped ceria supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Mn-Ce-NCNTs). The morphology, dispersion of Mn-doped ceria, composition, and oxygen vacancies of the as-prepared catalysts were analyzed using various technologies. The results show that Mn-doped ceria was formed and highly dispersed on NCNTs, on which oxygen vacancies are abundant. The as-prepared Mn-Ce-NCNTs exhibit a high ORR performance, on which the average electron transfer number is 3.86 and the current density is 24.4% higher than that of commercial 20 wt % Pt/C. The peak power density of Mn-Ce-NCNTs is 68.1 mW cm-2 at the current density of 138.9 mA cm-2 for a Zn-air battery, which is close to that of 20 wt % Pt/C (69.4 mW cm-2 at 106.1 mA cm-2). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the oxygen vacancy formation energies of Mn-doped CeO2(111) and pure CeO2(111) are -0.55 and 2.14 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with undoped CeO2(111) (-0.02 eV), Mn-doped CeO2(111) easily adsorbs oxygen with the oxygen adsorption energy of only -0.68 eV. This work provides insights into the synergetic effect of Mn-doped ceria for facilitating oxygen adsorption and enhancing ORR performance.

Low-temperature preparation and characteristics of top-gate thin-film transistors with La-ZTO active layers and polymethylmethacrylate dielectric layers

A top-gate coplanar-structure thin-film transistor (TFT) combining the advantages of both a co-sputtered amorphous La-doped ZnSnO (a-La-ZTO) active layer and solution-based polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) gate dielectric layer has been prepared under low temperature (100 °C) with low cost for the first time. The results indicate that the PMMA thin film demonstrates anti-reflection properties when it combines with a-La-ZTO layer to form a double-layer film, displaying high transparency to visible light of ∼90.3%. Moreover, it was found that the La target power during the deposition of a-La-ZTO film plays an important role in suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies and adjusting the carrier concentration of a-La-ZTO active layer, thus impacting a-La-ZTO TFT performance. Overall, the optimum a-La-ZTO TFT with a La target power of 13.9 W, working in an n-channel enhancement mode, possesses a large saturated mobility (>10 cm2 (Vs)−1) and an on/off drain current ratio over 105.

Features of electronic states in the vicinity of band gap and atomic structure of Ta- and Nb-doped Li7La3Zr2O12

Li7La3Zr2O12 is one the most promising materials for Li-conducting solid electrolytes. The incorporation of Ta5+ and Nb5+ into the Zr4+ sites stabilizes its cubic structure and significantly enhances Li-conductivity, due to the formation of Li vacancies. In this research, we have studied the band gap features of Ta and Nd-doped Li7La3Zr2O12. Our findings indicate that Nb ions are present not only in the +5 valence state, but also in the +4 state, leading to the formation of oxygen vacancies. In the case of the Ta-doping, such an effect was not observed. This could be the reason for the approximately one order of magnitude higher lithium conductivity observed in the case of the Ta doping, in comparison to the Nb doping.

Role of oxygen vacancy in high-entropy Cu1Zn1Al0.5Ce5Zr0.5Ox for CO2 hydrogenation reaction

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have garnered significant attention in catalysis due to their excellent redox properties and superior stability. In this study, we prepared and investigated a high-entropy oxide, Cu1Zn1Al0.5Ce5Zr0.5Ox, to elucidate the impact of oxygen vacancy density on the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. Comparisons were made with binary or ternary solid solutions composed of the same cations present in this HEO, and possessing the same phase structure. The HEO exhibits a higher surface oxygen vacancy density as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy and XPS. The increased number of oxygen vacancies significantly increases the active sites and enhances the strength for CO2 adsorption. Combined with kinetic analysis, it is suggested that the enhanced CO2 adsorption leads to improved CO2 conversion on the HEO. Moreover, the formation of oxygen vacancies facilitates H2 dissociation and supply, which is pivotal for methanol formation on the HEO. The stability of the HEO Cu1Zn1Al0.5Ce5Zr0.5Ox surpasses that of the medium entropy oxide, showing no significant deactivation after 100 hours of reaction.

Unlocking the superior flexibility and enhanced catalytic oxidation performance of CoTiO3 nanofibrous membranes through zirconium doping

The development of continuous CoTiO3 (CTO) fibers with prominent catalytic oxidation activity, tunable fibrous structures, and improved recyclability is appealing for application in efficient organic wastewater treatment; however, inescapable flaws remain, such as their inherent brittleness and adverse operability. Herein, a facile and effective strategy is proposed for the fabrication of flexible and mechanically robust CTO nanofibrous membranes through a combination of element doping and sol–gel-assisted electrospinning. Compared with pristine CTO fibers, the resulting zirconium-doped CoTiO3 (ZCTO) nanofibrous membranes displayed remarkably enhanced flexibility and tensile mechanics, which were attributed to their lower crystallinity, smaller grain size, and fewer fiber surface defects. The developed ZCTO fibrous membrane demonstrated exceptional resistance to bending fatigue, retaining a polymer-like bending rigidity of approximately 25 mN even after undergoing 200 reciprocating bending cycles. Furthermore, the incorporation of zirconium into CTO clearly had an advantageous effect on the formation of oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing the surface adsorption of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), accelerating the electron transfer process, and weakening the peroxy bonds. The tetracycline degradation efficiency of the ZCTO fibers remained at 81.4% within 10 min after 5 continuous cycles. Benefiting from their robust mechanical properties and excellent catalytic activity, the fabricated membranes demonstrated outstanding dynamic catalytic performance under gravity-driven conditions. More importantly, the reported strategy might be adopted and extended to develop a wide range of ceramic fibers with enhanced flexibility and mechanics for catalytic oxidation.

Looking into how nickel doping affects the structure, morphology, and optical properties of TiO2 nanofibers

In this paper, we have systematically studied the structural, morphological, and optical properties of Ni-doped TiO2, synthesized via a simple, cost-effective electrospinning method followed by calcination at 500 °C. The nanofibers with a core-shell structure were relatively homogeneous, smooth and randomly oriented, and there were no significant differences in fiber diameters due to Ni2+ content. Core loss mapping using electron energy loss spectroscopy confirmed an even distribution of titanium and relatively uniform nickel in the fibers. It was found that doping with 0.5 mol.% Ni2+ decreased the rutile content, while doping with 1 mol.% Ni2+resulted in a pure anatase phase with a significantly increased specific surface area (36.6 m2/g). Further increase in Ni2+ content (3–10 mol.%) not only prolonged the response of TiO2 nanofibers to visible light, but also increased the specific surface area (49.5 m2/g), decreased crystallite size (7 nm), and increased rutile content in TiO2 (33 wt.%). Photoluminescence analysis revealed that doping TiO2 with different amounts of Ni2+ leads to a gradual decrease of emission spectra intensity and red shift in the maxima positions. The XPS results confirmed that as the Ni2+ content enlarged, the Ti2+ and Ti3+ content increased significantly, effectively promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies. Raman analysis showed that an increase in nickel content (3–5 mol.%) led to a decrease and shift in peak intensity due to Ti3+ formation and also the possible presence of NiTiO3 phases. HRTEM analysis showed that Ni was doped into the substitution sites of both the anatase and rutile TiO2 lattice but had a stronger influence on the distortion of the anatase phase. The photocatalytic activity of Ni-doped TiO2 nanofibers was explored by analyzing the degradation of an antibiotic, oxytetracycline, monitored in laboratory conditions under visible light irradiation. After 60 min of irradiation, the degradation of OTC with 1Ni-TiO2 reached 76.4 % and with 10Ni-TiO2 70.5 %.

Co, Ni and Cu-doped Ca2Fe2O5-based oxygen carriers for enhanced chemical looping hydrogen production

Oxygen carrier determines the output characteristics of the chemical looping cycle reaction and is a key factor affecting the chemical looping hydrogen production (CLH) process. In this work, the effect of different dopants (Co, Ni and Cu) on Ca2Fe2O5 brownmillerite-type oxygen carriers and the feasibility of low doping were investigated in an attempt to improve CO conversion and hydrogen yield in the CLH reaction. The redox activity of the transition metal doped oxygen carriers was significantly enhanced. The fuel conversion of CaFeNi was increased to 1.29 times. The average hydrogen yield of CaFeCo was as high as 102.20 mL/g, which was 1.58 times that of CaFe. In addition, density functional theory calculations show that metal-doped Ca2Fe2O5 reduced the energy of oxygen vacancy formation, but they bore a significant energy barrier in the formation of hydrogen molecules. These findings may provide ideas for the modification of oxygen carriers for the CLH process.

The spin-state effect on the redox performance of LaCoO3 perovskites

LaCoO3 is well-known for its unique thermally induced transition of Co3+ (3d6) ions from a low spin (LS) state to a higher spin state of intermediate spin (IS) state or high spin (HS) state, due to a delicate balance between crystal-field splitting and Hund’s coupling. In this work, we try to stabilize all possible spin states in the same initial structural model and further investigate the spin-state effect on the redox performance of LaCoO3. We find that an initial model of pseudocubic with R3¯c tilting octahedra was effective in stabilizing all possible spin states. The oxygen vacancy formation values of LS > HS + LS > HS > IS indicate that the IS state is the most optimal spin state in oxygen vacancy formation, which results from a weakened Co-O bonding energy by eg orbital occupation. The oxygen migration barriers of LS > IS > HS + LS > HS show that oxygen migration is easier in the relatively loose structure and thus LS structure is the most unfavorable in oxygen migration. Combining the oxygen vacancy formation and migration results, we conclude that the higher spin states of IS and HS are more beneficial than LS in oxygen conduction. Our results confirm the influence of the spin-state effect on oxygen conduction and show that spin-state regulation is a good strategy for improving the redox performance of perovskites.

Stabilized Nickel-Rich oxide cathode by the confining effect of Nb lattice anchoring and epitaxial shielding layer

Ni-rich LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 cathodes attract growing attention for high energy density but still face great challenges in terms of cyclic lifespan and thermal stability issues. The structural degradation is primarily caused by the increased oxygen vacancy and lattice oxygen loss, especially at high temperatures. Here, we develop an anchoring-confining strategy to rivet lattice oxygen and inhibit the formation and migration of oxygen vacancy by constructing LiNbO3 & LiF epitaxial layer and Nb5+ lattice doping within LiNi0.92Co0.055Mn0.025O2 (NCM92) cathode. The optimized NCM-FN material exhibits excellent stability with retenion of 93 % after 200 cycles at 1C supassing the pristine one (68.7 %), conspicuous high-temperature capacity retention rate (81.6 % vs. 49.5 %) and superior reversible capacity of 165 mAh/g at 5C. In particular, it even possessed superior thermal safety pushing thermal runaway temperature to 223.65 °C. In-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) result indicates that Nb5+ lattice substitution coupled with LiNbO3 & LiF epitaxial layer alleviates the irreversibility of H2-H3 phase transition, thus stabilizing the layered structure. Furthermore, the LiNbO3 & LiF epitaxial layer, as both a physical shielding layer and ionic conductive layer, protects interface structural integrity and simultaneously promotes Li+ diffusion. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results demonstrate that the formation and propagation of oxygen vacancy within NCM-FN material is significantly inhibited. DFT calculation results reveal that Nb5+ introduction can increase the formation energy of oxygen vacancies and inhibit outward migration of active oxygen Oα- (α < 2) to stabilize layer structure by tuning the breaking energy barrier of nearby metal-O bonds. This work not only demonstrates the design of advanced Ni-rich layered cathodes but also underscores the importance of stabilized lattice oxygen for advanced Ni-rich cathodes.

Asymmetric oxygen vacancy promotes CO-SCR performance on defect-engineered Rh/CeCuOx catalyst

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with CO (CO-SCR) is a process that purifies both NO and CO pollutants through a catalytic reaction. Specifically, the cleavage of NO on the catalyst surface is crucial for promoting the reaction. During the reaction, the presence of oxygen vacancies can extract oxygen from NO, thereby facilitating the cleavage of NO on the catalyst surface. Thus, the formation of oxygen vacancies is key to accelerating the CO-SCR reaction, with different types of oxygen vacancies being more conducive to their generation. In this study, Rh/CeCuOx catalysts were synthesized using the co-crystallization and impregnation methods, and asymmetric oxygen vacancies were induced through hydrogen thermal treatment. This structural modification was aimed at regulating the behavior of NO on the catalyst surface. The Rh/Ce0.95Cu0.05Ox-H2 catalyst exhibited the best performance in CO-SCR, achieving above 90 % NO conversion at 162 °C. Various characterization techniques showed that the H2 treatment effectively reduced some of the CuO and Rh2O3, creating asymmetric oxygen vacancies that accelerated the cleavage of NO on the catalyst surface, rather than forming difficult-to-decompose nitrates. This study offers a novel approach to constructing oxygen vacancies in new CO-SCR catalysts.

First-principle molecular dynamics and in situ DRIFTS study the stability of the intermediates of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on ZnZrOx solid solution catalyst

Among the many catalysts used for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, ZnZrOx solid solution is a highly efficient catalyst. Although the reaction mechanism has been widely explored at 0 K using DFT, critical aspects such as the atomic structure of the solid solution and the stability of reaction intermediates during CO2 reduction at experimental temperatures remain unclear. This study employs first-principle molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, FTIR and DRIFTS characterization to address these important questions. During the MD simulation, oxygen vacancies are formed in the system and same as the doped Zn atoms. The formation of oxygen vacancies was further confirmed by the Transmission FTIR and in situ DRIFTS. Due to the creating of oxygen vacancies, the coordination of Zn and Zr in the bulk is reduced to five and seven, respectively. And on the surface, their coordination is reduced to three、four and six、seven, respectively. Subsequently, the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using the formate and CO* pathways was studied. In the formate pathway, all intermediates remained stable at 593 K. However, in the CO* pathway, we observe instability of key intermediates which also confirmed by transmission FTIR and in situ DRIFTS characterization.

Enhancing Z-scheme {001}/{110} junction in BiOCl with {110} surface oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and tetracycline

Since photocatalysis relies on surface reactions, the exposed facets and surface defects of the catalyst play important roles. In this study, we investigate the influence of oxygen vacancy creation on various exposed facets on the electronic structure and photocatalytic properties of {001}/{110}-bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) with plate-like morphology prepared via a facile co-precipitation technique. Our experiments demonstrated that the ratio of different exposed facets could be controlled by adjusting HCl concentration in the precipitation process. Although the obtained BiOCl samples have a large band gap energy, oxygen vacancies (OV) induce defect states within the bandgap, enhancing the photocatalytic performance under visible light. Experiments and calculations have revealed that formation of OV is easier on the (110) facet than on the (001) facet. Consequently, the sample with a higher portion of (110) exposed facet exhibits higher OV. While {001}/{110} Z-scheme is created in all samples, higher OV enhance the work function difference (ΔΦ) between the two facets. As a result, an internal electric field is stronger, leading to improved carrier separation and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Tetracycline. Therefore, this systematic investigation contributes to the advancement of understanding BiOCl photocatalysts and offers valuable insights for designing and optimizing photocatalytic materials for environmental remediation applications.

Surface plasma treatment boosting antiferroelectricity and energy storage performance of AgNbO3 film

The utilization of AgNbO3 film in dielectric energy storage poses challenges due to its susceptibility to impurity phase formation, which compromises its antiferroelectric properties and breakdown electric field. In this study, we successfully fabricated an AgNbO3 film with outstanding antiferroelectric properties and energy storage capabilities by employing oxygen ion surface plasma technology in conjunction with the sol-gel method. Our results demonstrate that the surface of the AgNbO3 film undergoes a layer-by-layer treatment using oxygen ion plasma, effectively suppressing impurity phases and oxygen vacancies formation while reducing grain size and enhancing insulation performance. The AgNbO3 film, which has undergone surface plasma treatment with oxygen ion, exhibits exceptional characteristics as an antiferroelectric material by demonstrating an impressive energy storage density of 13.13J/cm3 and a high energy storage efficiency of 56%. Overall, we present a straightforward and viable approach for fabricating high-performance AgNbO3 films for efficient dielectric energy storage.