Oxygen Bubbling Research Articles

Lattice Match-Enabled Covalent Heterointerfaces with Built-in Electric Field for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis.

Crafting semiconducting heterojunctions represents an effective route to enhance photocatalysis by improving interfacial charge separation and transport. However, lattice mismatch (δ) between different semiconductors can significantly hinder charge dynamics. Here, meticulous lattice tailoring is reported to create a covalent heterointerface with a built-in electric field (BIEF), imparting markedly improved hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis. Specifically, an In2S3/CdS heterojunction with a coherent heterointerface, characterized by covalent In─S─Cd bridge and exceptionally low lattice mismatch of 0.27%, and a BIEF from In2S3 to CdS, is rationally designed. This heterojunction entails rapid charge separation and transfer, achieving an outstanding H2O2 production rate of 2.09 mmol g-1 h-1 without the need for scavengers and oxygen bubbling, and a high apparent quantum efficiency of 17.73% at 400 nm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that this Z-scheme heterojunction facilitates the adsorption of *O2 and the generation of *OOH intermediates during the 2e- oxygen reduction reaction, associated with a low Gibbs free energy. This study underscores the significance of fine-tuning interfacial lattices and integrating BIEF to accelerate photocatalysis. The simple yet robust strategy can be conveniently leveraged to enhance device performance in optoelectronics, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and sensing.

Redirecting the electron flow to coordinate oxidation and reduction reactions for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production

Energy-efficient photocatalytic production of H2O2 from water holds the potential to replace the anthraquinone process. However, the impracticality of oxygen bubbling in such processes necessitates addressing the H2O2 production in oxygen-deficient environments. Here, we demonstrated the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) as a highly active water oxidation derivative that redirects the electron flow for H2O2 production in oxygen-deficient environments. Ground-state oxygen was in-situ generated on photocatalysts and undergoes transition to 1O2, surpassing other competitive electron-consuming reactions. Self-generated 1O2 undergoes preferential photo-reduction to H2O2, benefiting from a small activation energy (0.2 eV), facilitated electron trapping rate, adjacent oxidation/reduction sites and suppressed competitive energy transfer from excited-states to air 3O2. A remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of 0.25 % was obtained for H2O2 generation in oxygen-deficient conditions. This work unveils a novel concept of redirecting electron flow towards H2O2 production, taking advantage of highly active in-situ generated 1O2.

Diluted oxygen realizes high productivity of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid under ambient temperature

The oxidation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) into 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a favorable reaction since FDCA is an ideal alternative to petroleum-based monomer terephthalic acid in bio-based polyester industry. However, producing FDCA with high yield under mild conditions is still challenging, especially at energy-saving near-ambient temperatures. Here, we present a Pd nanoparticles catalyst supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon (Pd/VC) that can completely convert HMF and achieve an encouraging FDCA yield (92.4%) at 30 ℃. The most important observations include yield declines at pure oxygen bubbling, and the transformation of intermediates becomes stagnant; instead, switching to the diluted oxygen is effectively driving the tandem oxidation as the over-oxidation, and thus, rapid deactivation of the Pd surface could be alleviated. The negative effect of high oxygen concentration also occurs in the dehydrogenation and oxygenation of an extended substrate. Since the decisive influence of oxygen content has often been neglected in past investigations of oxidative transformation over Pd-based catalysts, the current study may offer a critical reminder for other liquid-phase oxidation reactions.

Hydroxyl Boron Nitrid e/Natural Rubber Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Conduction Properties: Implications for Heat Dissipative Tires or Conveyor Belts

For its significant technological interest, a systematic investigation on mechanical and thermal conduction properties of natural rubber reinforced by functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets is highly desirable. We herein first demonstrate a unique synthesis of hydroxyl-functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (OH-BNNSs) via a simple one-pot reduction reaction. This involves negative charging by treating BNNSs with lithium in liquid ammonia and subsequent bubbling of oxygen into dispersion of BNNS salts. Subsequently, a series of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets/natural rubber (NR) composites were fabricated by latex mixing and co-coagulation. Co-coagulating a stable aqueous suspension of OH-BNNSs with natural rubber latex afforded a weblike morphology consisting of platelet networks between the latex particles. Compared to pure rubber, the tensile strength and storage modulus at 25 °C for OH-BNNSs/NR (5 wt %) are increased by 466% and 1 order of magnitude, respectively. Benefiting from the unique structure, the composite at 5 wt % shows a 40% improvement in thermal conductivity relative to pure rubber. This latex-based method provides a facile and effective strategy to design and fabricate advanced functional BNNS-based polymeric nanocomposites with a segregated filler network morphology and considerable property enhancements in direct competition with graphene sheets. The composites could be potentially used in heat dissipative tires or conveyor belts.

Water disinfection by the UVA/electro-Fenton process under near neutral conditions: Performance and mechanisms

An efficient and thorough water disinfection is critical for human health. In this study, UVA-LEDs, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and a boron-doped diamond anode were respectively used as the UVA source, the iron chelator and the anode for the UVA/electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) reaction to treat wastewater. The disinfection performance of the UVA/E-Fenton had been investigated. The mechanisms of the E. coli inactivation had been clarified. The results showed that complete disinfection (about 5.6-log removal) could be achieved within 50 min at a certain condition due to the synergistic effort of the UVA, anodic oxidation and the electro-Fenton. The quenching experiments and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection indicated that •OH, •O2− and 1O2 play important roles for inactivating E. coli. The results of SEM images and genomic DNA electrophoresis suggested that both the cell structure and the DNA had been thoroughly destroyed during the UVA/E-Fenton process. Increasing the UVA irradiation, oxygen bubbling could improve the disinfection rate, while it also would increase the energy consumption. The appropriate Fe and NTA ratio was 1:2 to realize an efficient Fenton reaction under near neutral condition. Complete disinfection was also achieved within 50 min when it used for treating real wastewater. Thus, the UVA/E-Fenton process is a satisfied way for water disinfection.

A dual responsive robust human serum albumin-based nanocarrier for doxorubicin.

Targeted drug therapy against cancer has been introduced as a smart strategy to combat the unwanted side effects due to systemic administration of chemotherapeutics. A human serum albumin (HSA)-based nanocarrier was fabricated with the aim to target reductive media and acidic pH of the tumor tissues. α-Lipoic acid (LA) was applied to increase the number of disulfide bonds in the nanocarrier to target higher glutathione concentrations present in tumor tissues and polyethylene glycol was used to target the acidic pH of tumors. UV illumination, ethanol desolvation, oxygen bubbling, and a mixture of redox buffers were employed to prepare doxorubicin-loaded HSA-LA nanoparticles. The nanocarrier was supposed to release the loaded doxorubicin in reductive and acidic pH media. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated successful attachment of LA to HSA. The prepared nanoplatform presented improved doxorubicin loading efficiency and content and successfully released the loaded doxorubicin in the expected conditions. Protein corona study indicated that positively charged plasma proteins with molecular weights of nearly 80kDa are absorbed to the surface of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, it showed desirable UV and storage stability, which implied its robustness and improved shelf life if applied in nanomedicine.

An insightful analysis of dimethyl phthalate degradation by the collaborative process of DBD plasma and Graphene-WO3 nanocomposites

In this paper, the prepared graphene-WO3 nanocomposites (rGO-WO3) were added into a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system with spiral discharge electrode to set up a collaborative process to treat the dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in water. Degradation of the DMP under different experimental conditions were studied to illustrate the catalysis of the rGO-WO3 in the DBD plasma system. The obtained results proved that there was the catalysis of the rGO-WO3 for the DMP degradation within the studied DMP concentration, solution initial pH values and conductivities. From the results of the energy utilization efficiency (G50) analysis, the catalysis was more apparent in the case of the oxygen bubbling system than that in the nitrogen or the air bubbling system, which was due to the higher oxygen constitution in the oxygen bubbling system. The reduction of the measured liquid phase ozone concentrations in the DBD/rGO-WO3 system bubbled with air as well as oxygen than those measured in the sole DBD system, which verified the consumption of the ozone by the catalysis of the rGO-WO3. Furthermore, the UV–Vis and the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra analysis were also carried out to state the catalytic effect of the rGO-WO3 for the DMP degradation. Toxicity analysis for the degradation byproducts confirmed the collaborative process could reduce the negative effect of the original DMP on the environment.

Efficient removal of roxarsone and emerging organic contaminants by a solar light-driven in-situ Fenton system

High-risk roxarsone (ROX) can be converted to highly toxic arsenite (As(III)) through biological and abiotic processes, which can cause severe arsenic contamination of water and crops. Traditional oxidation processes can only treat organic arsenic compounds instead of releasing inorganic arsenic (iAs). Herein, an Fe(II)/resorcinol formaldehyde resin (RF) solar light-driven in-situ Fenton system was applied to remove ROX and its released iAs. Under solar light illumination, RF can reduce oxygen to produce H2O2 through a two-electron reduction pathway. Fe(II) simultaneously catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 to generate ·OH, participating in the oxidation of ROX. The C-As bond of ROX was preferentially attacked by ·OH to form 2-nitrohydroquinone and As(III). Moreover, As(III) was further converted to low-toxicity arsenate (As(V)) through further oxidation with oxygen bubbling. Finally, the released As(III) (1.9%) and As(V) (98.1%) were removed by adsorption onto the surface of ferric hydroxide. As a result, more than 99.9% of ROX was degraded by the Fe(II)/RF in-situ Fenton system during the pre-oxidation process. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of ROX and total arsenic removal efficiency of the Fe(II)/RF-O2 in-situ Fenton system reached 75% and more than 97%, respectively. Furthermore, the residual arsenic in this Fenton system was less than 12.5 µg/L, which met the recommended limit for arsenic (100 µg/L) in reclaimed water. In addition to the removal of ROX, the Fe(II)/RF in-situ Fenton system showed excellent general applicability in the removal of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). The TOC removal rate of EOCs was approximately 50%–64%. Thus, the Fe(II)/RF-O2 solar light-driven in-situ Fenton system provides a novel strategy for the high-efficiency removal of organoarsenic compounds and EOCs.

DC resistance degradation of SrTiO3: The role of virtual‐cathode needles and oxygen bubbles

AbstractThis study of highly accelerated lifetime tests of SrTiO3, a model semiconducting oxide, is motivated by the interest in reliable multilayer ceramic capacitors and resistance‐switching thin‐film devices. Our analytical solution to oxygen‐vacancy migration under a DC voltage—the cause of resistance degradation in SrTiO3—agrees with previous numerical solutions. Yet all solutions fail to explain why degradation kinetics feature a very strong voltage dependence, which we attribute to the nucleation and growth of cathode‐initiated fast‐conducting needles. While they have no color contrast in SrTiO3 single crystals, hence nominally “invisible,” needle’s presence in DC‐degraded samples—in silicone oil and in air—was unambiguously revealed by in‐situ hot‐stage photography. Observations in silicone oil and thermodynamic and kinetic considerations further revealed that copious oxygen bubbling and general reduction mark the onset of final accelerating degradation toward failure. Conversely, if oxygen vacancies cannot be sufficiently depleted from the near‐anode region to render it sufficiently conductive, then final failure is postponed, which is often the case at lower temperatures and voltages when the lifetime tests are incomplete. Remarkably, both undoped and Fe‐doped SrTiO3 can emit electroluminescence at higher current densities, thus providing a vivid indicator of resistance degradation and a metal‐to‐insulator resistance transition during cooling. The implications of these findings to thin ceramic and thin‐film SrTiO3 devices are discussed, along with connections to similarly DC‐degraded fast‐ion yttria‐stabilized zirconia.

Co‐decorated reduced graphene/titanium nitride composite as an active oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with superior stability

Preparing a cost-effective, active, stable, non-precious catalyst, especially at the cathode, is one of the basic requirements for the commercialization of fuel cells (FCs). In this study, cobalt nanoparticles composite with titanium nitride (TiN) were prepared on the surface of reduced graphene oxide, using a facile hydrothermal method, followed by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere. The surface morphology, surface composition, and crystalline structure are investigated with the use of field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is examined in sulfuric acid (0.5 M H2SO4), under nitrogen and oxygen bubbling. Results showed that there is an optimum ratio of the Co and the TiN that maximizes the ORR activity. A high onset potential of 0.926 V vs Ag/AgCl is obtained in the case of CoTiN (30)/Gr. This is much higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.576 V vs Ag/AgCl). The prepared catalyst has no activity towards methanol oxidation, unlike the Pt/C catalyst. Thus, it considered a promising cathode catalyst for direct alcoholic FCs. Furthermore, the composite catalyst has a high stability, with no activity degradation occurring even after 1000 cycles. This is extremely effective compared to the 20% loss of Pt/C activity under the same operating conditions. The high performance of the prepared catalyst is related to the synergetic effect between the TiN and the Cobalt.

Electrochemical response of various metals to oxygen gas bubbling in molten LiCl–Li2O melt

The electrochemical response of several alloys (stainless steel 316, Hastelloy C276, Inconel 600, and tantalum) was investigated in molten LiCl–Li2O (1 wt%) at 923 K while bubbling oxygen gas into the molten salt. Tafel and zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) electrochemical methods were used to measure electrochemical effects of oxidation processes at the surface of each alloy. The Tafel method required approximately 15 min and was, thus, applied only in intervals between periods of oxygen bubbling in the salt. ZRA measurements were made in real time, while the O2 was actively being bubbled into the salt. This method recorded both open circuit potential of the alloy relative to a Ni/NiO reference electrode and current between the alloy and the galvanically coupled platinum plate that served as the counter electrode. Both open circuit potential and galvanic oxidation current started to increase at the initiation of oxygen flow. Based on the observed oxidation current trend, it was inferred that the metals in order of increasing resistance to oxidation in molten LiCl–Li2O are as follows: tantalum < SS-316 < Inconel 600 < Haynes C276. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated formation of an oxide layer of thickness 560–3370 nm that correlates with the galvanic oxidation current measurements.

Laponite immobilized TiO2 catalysts for photocatalytic degradation of phenols

Laponite immobilized titania catalysts were prepared by a pillaring process and by hydrothermal synthesis (HT) applying different titania sources such as TiCl4 and TiOSO4. Textural investigations (XRD, TEM, N2 physisorption) evidenced that by the pillaring procedure a high specific surface area (∼450 m2 g−1) mesoporous composite with 5–6 nm sized anatase nanoparticles were formed retaining the morphology of parent laponite structure. In contrast, by hydrothermal treatment with titanium oxysulfate the initial laponite structure was destroyed and a more opened nanoporous silica/titania material was formed with bigger, about 14 nm anatase particles.FT-IR spectroscopic investigations revealed the different acidic character of titania/Laponite composite samples showing stronger Lewis and weak Brönsted acid sites on both catalysts. However, acidic centers in titania pillared laponite stem from Ti–O–Si bonds, whereas in HT sample from the separated, ionic, surface sulfate species on titania.Catalytic activity of titania/Laponite composites were tested in photo-oxidation of model 10–5 M phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) water solutions. Catalytic tests were carried out in a home constructed batch-type photo-reactor with oxygen bubbling, and applying commercial low pressure Hg lamps emitting UV-light at 254 nm and 361 nm. Catalytic results showed that utilization of titania/Laponite catalysts enhanced the photo-oxidation activity. Hydrothermally prepared sample showed much better catalytic performance than titanium chloride pillared one, probably due to the bigger titania particles and the more opened mesoporous structure of titania/Laponite HT, and moreover to the peculiar surface acidic properties of sulfated titania species. Separation of catalysts from reaction media even in tap water was much easier than that of commercial titania, i.e. by self-settling.

Facile Two‐Step Synthesis of Delafossite CuFeO2 Photocathodes by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis and Hybrid Microwave Annealing

AbstractDelafossite CuFeO2 photocathodes have recently attracted attention for water splitting due to their suitable band gap (∼1.5 eV) and high stability in aqueous media. The preparation of CuFeO2 usually requires long and energy‐intense treatments in an inert atmosphere for the full conversion of spinel CuFe2O4 to delafossite CuFeO2. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of highly uniform and stable CuFeO2 thin films obtained via a combination of inexpensive ultrasonic spray pyrolysis followed by a short hybrid microwave treatment (∼4 min). The resulting films show good stability in alkaline media and produce a photocurrent of ∼650 μA/cm2 under 1.5 AM simulated sunlight and with oxygen bubbling. The effect of the rapid transformation from the spinel to the delafossite phase induced by hybrid microwave annealing was investigated with synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Photocatalytic Synthesis of p‐Anisaldehyde in a Mini Slurry‐Bubble Reactor under Solar Light Irradiation

Dense photocatalyst slurry was employed for the synthesis of p‐anisaldehyde under solar light irradiation. An Fe‐modified rutile TiO 2 (Fe‐TiO 2, 34.5 m 2/g) photocatalyst was used as a visible‐light‐responsive photocatalyst. A conventional TiO 2 (P25, 35 m 2/g) photocatalyst was also examined as a reference catalyst. XRD patterns and diffuse reflectance spectra showed that Fe‐TiO 2 consists of 100 % rutile phase and absorbs more visible light compared to P25, respectively. The catalyst powder was suspended in an ethyl acetate solution of p‐methoxytoluene in the mini‐reactor, with oxygen bubbling, under a solar simulator, visible light, and UV LEDs. p‐anisaldehyde, as a reaction product, was analyzed by sampling using gas‐chromatograph. Regardless of the light source, Fe‐TiO 2 always outperformed P25 in terms of both generation rates (GR) of p‐anisaldehyde and energy requirements (ER). It was demonstrated that the highly dense Fe‐TiO 2 slurry was efficient for the synthesis under solar light owing to the small size of the reactor. The small amount of Pt and ZrO 2 cocatalysts significantly enhanced the GR under solar light. By adopting a visible light responsive Fe‐TiO 2 photocatalyst, the mini slurry‐bubble reactor under solar light achieved a high GR per catalyst mass (CM), which is one to two orders higher than that reported by most previous studies with high‐power lamps.

Pb-PbOHCl Composite Nanowires Synthesized by Galvanic Deposition in Template.

In this paper, we report a detailed study on the synthesis of composite nanowires of Pb-PbOHCl via galvanic deposition into the pores of a membrane acting as a template. PbOHCl deposition quantitatively occurs as the solution pH exceeds the value of about 4.12. Simultaneously, owing to the galvanic coupling, electro-deposition of lead occurs, so composite nanowires were formed. The role of different parameters controlling the kinetic evolution of the process, such as oxygen bubbling, solution pH, surface area and type of sacrificial anode were investigated one at a time. The results suggest that every modification accelerating the alkalization of the solution inside the template pores favors growth of composite nanowires richer in PbOHCl. Alumina and polycarbonate membranes were investigated as template, and the best results were obtained for polycarbonate membrane, which can be easily removed by dissolution in CHCl₃ avoiding the collapse and successive loss of the nanowires.

Influence of process parameters on the yield of Mn3O4 through sonochemical route

In the present study, manganese oxide (Mn3O4) was synthesized sonochemically by considering manganese sulphate monohydrate as precursor. Initially, 0.1 M of manganese sulphate monohydrate dissolved in 60 ml of doubly distilled water; subsequently, 400 μl of ammonia solution (30% GR) is added to prepare the solution. The experimental variables selected in this study are sonication, sonication with oxygen bubbling, sonication with argon bubbling, adding H2O2 and butanol externally with mechanical stirring. The obtained samples characterized with XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM to determine the phase purity, morphology and size of the particles. Yield of the end product is determined by weighing the sample obtained after drying. Yield of the product increased with external addition of H2O2 and oxygen bubbling. Morphology studies show that the product obtained is spherical and cubical in shape. The TEM image shows that particle size lies in the range of 20–50 nm in sonication applied experiments. Particle size reduced with applying sonication when compared to mechanical stirring. XRD studies show that the product obtained is Mn3O4.

Pt/TiO2 granular photocatalysts for hydrogen production from aqueous glycerol solution: Durability against seawater constituents and dissolved oxygen

We examined the impact of seawater constituents and dissolved oxygen (DO) on granular Pt/TiO2 photocatalytic reactions producing hydrogen from water with glycerol as a sacrificial agent. Hydrogen production halved in seawater compared to pure water, mainly due to flocculation of the granules, and activity recovered by deflocculation and/or lowering the Na+ concentrations. The activity of the settled granular photocatalyst was higher than that of the suspended powder photocatalyst under anoxic conditions. The decrease in activity was small up to the DO value of pure oxygen bubbling, which shows the effective inhibition of oxygen reduction and thermal hydrogen oxidation.

Iron Mesh-Based Metal Organic Framework Filter for Efficient Arsenic Removal.

Efficient oxidation from arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)], which is less toxic and more readily to be adsorbed by adsorbents, is important for the remediation of arsenic pollution. In this paper, we report a metal organic framework (MIL-100(Fe)) filter to efficiently remove arsenic from synthetic groundwater. With commercially available iron mesh as a substrate, MIL-100(Fe) is implanted through an in situ growth method. MIL-100(Fe) is able to capture As(III) due to its microporous structure, superior surface area, and ample active sites for As adsorption. This approach increases the localized As concentration around the filter, where Fenton-like reactions are initiated by the Fe2+/Fe3+ sites within the MIL-100(Fe) framework to oxidize As(III) to As(V). The mechanism was confirmed by colorimetric detection of H2O2, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance detection of ·OH. With the aid of oxygen bubbling and Joule heating, the removal efficiency of As(III) can be further boosted. The MIL-100(Fe)-based filter also exhibits satisfactory structural stability and recyclability. Notably, the adsorption capacity of the filter can be regenerated satisfactorily. Our results demonstrate the potential of this filter for the efficient remediation of As contamination in groundwater.

Degradation of methylene blue using double-chamber dielectric barrier discharge reactor under different carrier gases

The decomposition of methylene blue (MB) via a novel double-chamber dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor in different carrier gases (air and oxygen) was investigated. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of MB was 99.98% using O2 plasma for 20min, while it was only 85.3% using air plasma for 100min. In addition, the concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, ozone and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous phase and the oxidizing ability of the oxidants were measured to explore the various results obtained in different carrier gases. The formation of nitrogenous species was considered to be the main reason for the low degradation efficiency of the air plasma. The accumulation of oxidants enhanced the degradation efficiency of the MB in the O2 plasma. Both the combined effects of ozonation and plasma with oxygen bubbling and the reaction poisoning with air bubbling were enhanced in the double-chamber DBD reactor. The decomposition routes of MB and byproducts formation were also proposed.

Analysis of thermal and aqueous suspension stabilities of chitosan based nanoencapsulated vitamins

The food nutritional content is reduced as result of vitamins degradation. In order to minimize such losses, the encapsulation technique into polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) could offer an additional protection, extending the stability. The crosslinking formed by the ionic gelation process of chitosan and tripolyphosphate (Chi-TPP) has been widely used as an encapsulating matrix for several chemical compounds. In this way, Chi-TPP was used for encapsulation of C, B9 and B12 vitamins. The stability of the vitamins in NPs was evaluated in aqueous suspension by UV-Visible spectroscopy under different conditions: stored in dark, light exposure and effect of oxygen bubbling. The results indicated that encapsulation had a positive effect in preserving the vitamins, mainly vitamin C. The encapsulation preserved 47% of the initial concentration of vitamin C by the tenth day and around 28% after 17 days. Conversely, in non-encapsulated controls (neutral and acidic medium) the losses were higher, reaching 13% by the tenth day and almost 3% after 17 days of storage in both medium. When exposed to light and O2 the protection provided by the encapsulation was even greater. By thermogravimetric analysis, the pure and the encapsulated vitamins showed distinct thermal behavior confirming Chi-TPP as a potential encapsulation material.