Application Of Oxyfluorfen Research Articles

Phytotoxic effect of herbicides on gladiolus and their effectiveness against weed flora associated with the crop

The present investigation was conducted during 2018-19 at Centre for Quality Planting Material, RDS Seed Farm CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment comprised of 16 treatments i.e. nine herbicidal treatments [viz. oxyfluorfen @ 500 g ha-1, pendimethalin @ 1000 g ha-1, butachlor @ 1000 g ha-1, carfentrazone @ 30 g ha-1 and metsulfuron-methyl @ 5 g ha-1 in combinations of pre and pre/post-emergence application at 50 DOP (days of planting) after the HW (hand weeding) or without HW], five mulch treatments (viz. mulching of black polyethylene sheet of 100 µ alone, and the paddy straw mulching @ 10 tonnes ha-1 in combinations with HW at 75 DOP or pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1000, 1250 & 1500 g ha-1), and one treatment of hand weeding/hoeing (at 25, 50 & 75 DOP), and weedy check (control), laid out in simple randomized block design with three replications. Polypogon monspeliensis, Phalaris minor, Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon among monocots and Chenopodium murale, Convolvulus arvensis, Fumaria parviflora and Coronopus didymus in dicots were found dominant weeds in experimental field. Among the application of herbicides or mulch materials either alone or in combinations, black polyethylene mulch (T13) was found highly effective in controlling weeds followed by pendimethalin 1000 g fb HW + pendimethalin 1000 g (T12), straw mulch fb HW at 75 DOP (T14) and pendimethalin 1500 g/ha + straw mulch (T6). Amongst the herbicidal treatments, pendimethalin 1000 g fb HW + pendimethalin 1000 g (T12) was found comparatively more efficient in controlling weeds without any phytotoxic effect on crop. Interestingly, the applications of oxyfluorfen as a pre-emergence and metsulfuron-methyl as a post-emergence in different herbicidal combinations caused phytotoxicity in crop plants up to the level of growth check or one leaf burning, and the phytotoxic effect of metsulfuron-methyl was more than the oxyfluorfen. At 30 DOP the maximum level of phytotoxicity (1.70) was recorded with the pre-emergence application of oxyflurofen 500 g fb HW + oxyflurofen 500 g (T3), while at 60 DOP it was observed non-significant with most of the herbicidal applications, whereas at 90 DOP and 120 DOP, it was recorded highest (i.e. 2.73 and 2.97, respectively) with the application of oxyfluorfen 500 g fb metsulfuron-methyl 5 g (T2) and it was followed by post-emergence application of metsulfuron-methyl 5 g in combinations with pre-emergence application of other herbicides (T8 & T11). Overall, the application of mulch materials (either alone as a black polyethylene sheet of 100µ or paddy straw @ 10 tonnes ha-1 in the combination with HW or pendimethalin 1500 g ha-1) was found very effective with the aspect of weed control in gladiolus.

Impact of different herbicides on weed control in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. ‘2A clone’

A field experiment on “Impact of different herbicides on weed control in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. 2A Clone” was carried out during October 2019 to March 2020 at fruit orchard, Main Horticultural Research and Extension Center (MHREC) Sector no 70, University of Horticultural Sciences, Udyanagiri, Bagalkote, to test the effect of various herbicides for controlling weeds in the vineyards under dry zone climate of north Karnataka. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD), having ten treatments with three replications. Lower number of total weeds/m2 4.67, 9.00, 16.00 and 23.00/m2 at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after spraying was recorded with T6-tank mix post-emergent application of oxyfluorfen 23.5% @ 1.0 lit/ha + glyphosate 41% SL @ 2.62 lit/ha. Among different herbicides, the higher yield per hectare (32.31 t/ha) and the lower weed index (5.76 %) were recorded with tank mix post-emergent application of oxyfluorfen 23.5% @ 1.0 lit/ha + glyphosate 41% SL @ 2.62 lit/ha. No phyto-toxicity symptoms viz. leaf tip/surface injury, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and/ or hyponasty were observed.

Effect of different weed management practices on growth, yield attributes and yield of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A field experiment was conducted on Instructional cum Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during kharif season 2018 to evaluate the new formulation of oxyfluorfen (20 % DF) on weed control in direct seeded rice. Oxyfluorfen is a diphenyl-ether herbicide as a pre-emergence herbicide used for control of annual, perennial and broad leaved weeds in a various field crops. Pre-emergence (PE) application of oxyfluorfen 20 DF @ 720 g ha-1 gave significantly lower total weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the intervals. However, Oxyfluorfen 20 DF @ 240 g ha-1 as PE herbicide can keep the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increase the grain yield (49.51 q ha-1) and straw yield (64.52 q ha-1) in direct seeded rice. Unweeded control accounted for lower grain yield (5.83 q ha-1) which causes higher weed density and dry weight, respectively due to heavy competition of weeds for nutrients, space and light.

Association of chemical and mechanical weed control methods during the pre-harvest of coffee crops

Abstract Background: Weed control in the pre-harvest of the coffee crop is essential to enable mechanized coffee harvesting. Objective: Testing the efficacy of pre-emergent herbicides, applied after brush shredder or desiccation operations, on the weed control during the coffee crop’s pre-harvest. Methods: Two separate trials were accomplished in commercial Coffea arabica crops in the Cerrado Mineiro Region. In the first one, oxyfluorfen and sulfentrazone were applied after either brush shredder or burndown operation; in the second, they were tested as a tank mixture with glyphosate. Results: In the first assay, the brush shredder use, associated to the rains that follow, stimulated a sharp weed infestation during the pre-harvest, which was not observed in desiccated plots. A sole application of oxyfluorfen or sulfentrazone, following either brush shedder or desiccation operation, effectively controlled the weeds; however, the sequential applications on burndown areas may be needless. The applied herbicides did not intoxicate the coffee plants nor affect their growth. In the second assay, both herbicide mixtures were highly efficient on the weed control through post-emergence application during the pre-harvest, what was not observed with a sole application of glyphosate. In both experiments, a dry period during winter, associated to the operations to gather fallen coffee fruit, collectively contributed to control weeds. Differently from oxyfluorfen, the residual effect of sulfentrazone was high enough to control weed even in the beginning of the rainy season. Conclusion: Sulfentrazone and oxyfluorfen were effective on the weed control in the pre-harvest of the coffee crop, mainly when applied after brush shedder operations.

Comparative efficacy of herbicides and hand weeding to control weeds in onion

Effective and efficient weed management strategies are essential to raise a successful onion crop. Therefore, to find out the economically feasible weed management practice, a field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, during 2015–16 and 2016–17. Five herbicides namely pendimethalin1.0 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen 0.15 kg/ha, alachlor 1.0 kg/ha, butachlor 1.0 kg/ha and quizalofop-ethyl 0.05 kg/ha were applied alone or in different combinations replicated thrice in randomized block design. Data was recorded on weed density, dry matter accumulation of weeds, weed control efficiency, weed index, herbicide efficiency index and yield parameters. Pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen 0.15 kg/ha fb one hand weeding at 40–60 days after transplanting recorded the highest weed control efficiency and the lowest values of weed density, dry matter accumulation of weeds and weed index. The pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen 0.15 kg/ha fb post-emergence application of quizalofop-ethyl 0.05 kg/ha at 40 DAT was also found to be equally effective in controlling the weeds in onion. The yield attributing traits such as average bulb weight and total bulb yield also exhibited the same pattern. However, the highest B: C ratio was recorded with preemergence application of oxyfluorfen 0.15 kg/ha fb post-emergence application of quizalofop-ethyl 0.05 kg/ha applied 40 DAT. Hence, this treatment can be used for controlling the prevalent weed flora in onion crop under Jammu condition.

Scheduling weed management practices for improving weed control efficiency and bulb yield in onion

An experiment was conducted under All India Network Research Project on Onion and Garlic, operating at the College of Horticulture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Sambalpur, Odisha during Rabi, 2010–11 to compare the efficacy of different weed control methods in onion. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight combinations of weed management practices and replicated thrice. Results revealed that significantly highest marketable bulb yield (19.19 t/ha) and total bulb yield (22.80 t/ha) was obtained with a higher percentage ‘A’ grade bulb (34.04 %) and an average bulb weight (69.83 g) by the application of oxyfluorfen before planting + one hand weeding at 45 days after transplanting. The identical weed management practice recorded highest 66.09% of weed control efficiency along with the lowest number of monocot weeds (26.33/m2), minimum fresh weight of weeds (40.08 g/m2) and minimum dry weight of weeds (14 g/m2). Imposition of manual hand weeding at 45 DAT facilitates a weed-free situation to the crop. Hence, it was concluded that maximum bulb yield can be obtained with the application of oxyfluorfen before planting + one hand weeding at 45 DAT due to the influence of oxyfluorfen and one manual hand weeding on monocot weeds during the crop growth period.

Integrated weed management in garlic with and without rice straw mulch

A field experiment was conducted at AICRP on Weed Management Farm, BACA, AAU, Anand Gujarat during two consecutive Rabi season of 2016–17 and 2017–18 on loamy sand soil to study the effect of integrated weed management in garlic with and without rice straw mulch. The experiment was laid out in Split Plot design (SPT) with three replications. Rice straw mulch 5.0 t/ha applied after planting in conjunction with either application of oxyfluorfen 240 g/ha PE fb HW at 60 DAP or tank mix application of pendimethalin 500 g/ha + oxyfluorfen 120 g/ha EPoE recorded significantly lower density and dry weight of weeds at harvest with higher weed control efficiency (91.9 and 85.9%, respectively), bulb weight (17.3 and 14.0 g/bulb, respectively), bulb yield of garlic (8.83 and 7.91 t/ha, respectively) along with the highest net return and B:C ratio.

Evolving Viable Weed Management Practices for Rainfed Greengram

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti during kharif 2017 to study the effect of pre and early post emergence herbicides on weed control in rainfed greengram. In this study, PE Oxyfluorfen @ 0.10 kg ha-1 + EPOE Imazethapyr @ 50 g ha-1 on 20 DAS or PE Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + EPOE Imazethapyr @ 50 g ha-1 on 20 DAS provided a broad spectrum of weed control by significantly reducing weed density and dry weight at 45 DAS and resulted in higher weed control efficiency and lower weed index. PE application of Oxyfluorfen @ 0.10 kg ha-1 + EPOE application of Imazethapyr @ 50 g ha-1 on 20 DAS or application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg ha-1 + Imazethapyr @ 50 g ha-1 on 20 DAS recorded significant improvement in plant height, yield attributes like number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (g) and produced higher grain and haulm yields of rainfed greengram.

Herbicides performance for managing weeds in berseem under sub-mountainous conditions of Punjab

A field experiment was conducted at farmer's field of district Gurdaspur during the winter seasons of 2014–15 and 2015–16 to assess the performance of various herbicides for managing weeds in berseem under sub-mountainous conditions of Punjab. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design having three replications and comprised of eight treatments, viz. fluchloralin 0.45 kg/ha, pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha, imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen 0.1 kg/ha, fluchloralin 0.45 kg/ha followed by (fb) imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha, pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen 0.1 kg/ha fb imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha and a weedy check. All the weed control treatments caused significant reduction in weed density and biomass as compared to weedy check. The lowest weed density, weed biomass, maximum weed control efficiency, more number of tillers, maximum pooled green fodder and pooled seed yield and highest net returns were observed with fluchloralin 0.45 kg/ha fb imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha, which was closely followed by application of oxyfluorfen 0.1 kg/ha fb imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha.

Herbicides effect on growth, yield and quality of onion

A field experiment was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, during the year 2016–17 to study the effect of herbicides on growth, yield and quality of onion. The treatments comprised of application of oxyfluorfen (0.25 kg/ha) one week before transplanting, oxyfluorfen (0.25 kg/ha) immediately after transplanting, pendimethalin (1.00 kg/ha) one week before transplanting, pendimethalin (1.00 kg/ha) immediately after transplanting, pretilachlor (0.75 kg/ha) one week before transplanting, pretilachlor (0.75 kg/ha) immediately after transplanting, quizolofop-ethyl (1.00 kg/ha) 20 days after transplanting (DAT), hand weeding (HW) and weedy check. Results revealed that highest plant height (66.67 cm), number of leaves (5.98) and neck thickness (4.76 cm) were recorded in hand weeding at all the growth stages, which was at par with pendimethalin immediately after transplanting and pendimethalin one week before transplanting.The increase due to HW was in the tune of 78.88, 55.73 and 59.20% respectively than weedy check whereas, pendimethalin immediately after transplanting of onion recorded 63.94, 52.56 and 51.84% increase over weedy check. Hand weeding recorded 122% more yield (23.71 t/ha) than weedy check (10.68 t/ha). Juice content and TSS was the highest in hand weeding which was at par with pendimethalin immediately after transplanting, application of pendimethalin one week before transplanting and oxyfluorfen immediately after transplanting.

Olive tree glutathione S -transferase and its response against the herbicides oxyfluorfen and glyphosate

Abstract Glutathione S-transferases (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) are a group of detoxifying enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to certain toxins or xenobiotics. These enzymes are very well characterized in mammals and plants in general but not in the olive tree. In this work the GST specific activity, kinetic behavior, substrate specificity, and protein expression levels have been determined in the leaves, fruits, stems, and roots of olive tree cv. Picual. The results reveal the presence of GST in all the organs, the leaves and roots are containing the highest activity levels. Substrate specificity and molecular mass of subunits differ between organs. The use of the herbicides oxyfluorfen and glyphosate caused barely significant changes in the kinetic behavior and GST protein-expression levels, in general. Only in the stems of the olive tree treated with glyphosate were greater GST specific activity and protein expression detected. As conclusions, GST has been located and characterized in leaves, fruits, stems and roots of olive tree and the action of this enzyme, implied in the detoxification processes in this species, is lightly affected by the soil application of oxyfluorfen and glyphosate.

Influence of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

The present investigation was conducted at AICRP on vegetable crops, Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during rabi season 2015-16. The finding revealed that, among the herbicide treatment Oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC PoE @ 0.150 kg a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5% EC PoE @ 0.050 kg a.i./ha recorded maximum growth viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant. Significantly maximum number of cloves per bulb, bulb length, bulb diameter, average weight of bulb, yield per plot and per hectare also registered by same treatment. Further, lowest weed index (5.12%) and maximum weed control efficiency (84.17%) recorded by same herbicide treatment. This indicates application of Oxyfluorfen @0.150 kg a.i.+ Quizalofop Ethyl 0.05 kg a.i./ha as post emergence herbicide is better option for controlling weed population and obtaining better yield of garlic.

Postemergence Weed Control in Onion with Bentazon, Flumioxazin, and Oxyfluorfen

Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2010 to determine crop tolerance and weed control efficacy of the POST herbicides bentazon, flumioxazin, and oxyfluorfen applied to direct-seeded dry bulb onions on organic soil. Postemergence application of oxyfluorfen at 0.071 kg ai ha−1resulted in less than 20% onion injury when applied at the 2 and 4 onion leaf stages and provided good control of ladysthumb and common lambsquarters. Oxyfluorfen EC caused slightly higher visual injury than oxyfluorfen SC, but there was no difference in onion yield among the treatments. Application of flumioxazin at 0.036 of 0.072 kg ai ha−1alone or in combination with pendimethalin ACS resulted in minimal onion injury and no yield reduction. Combining flumioxazin in a tank mix with pendimethalin EC, dimethenamid-P EC, orS-metolachlor EC resulted in significant onion injury and yield reduction. Flumioxazin plusS-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, or pendimethalin improved ladysthumb control in one of two years. Bentazon applied at 0.56 kg ai ha−1produced moderate onion injury and did not control yellow nutsedge adequately. Bentazon applied at 1.12 kg ai ha−1provided good control of yellow nutsedge but caused serious onion injury and yield loss.

Integrated weed management in garlic

A field experiment was conducted during, winter seasons 2014–15 and 2015–16 to evaluate the weed management practices in garlic. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design having straw mulch treatments in main plot (0, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) and weed control treatment, viz. pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha (pre-emergence), oxyfluorfen 0.223 kg/ha (pre-emergence) manual weeding (2) and weedy check. Application of mulch at 10 t/ha declined the weed population and recorded significantly lower weed density and higher weed control efficiency (71.65 and 75.17%), and higher growth and yield (2.08 and 2.72 t/ha) of garlic as compared to without mulch treatment. Among the weed control measures, application of oxyfluorfen 0.223 kg/ha recorded significantly lower weed density (55.9 and 70.89 m2) and higher growth and yield (2.05 and 2.53 t/ha) of garlic as compared to weedy check, but it was at par with pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha application. Maximum BCR (1.19 and 2.18) was recorded under the paddy straw mulch applied at 10 t/ha and oxyfluorfen 0.223 kg/ha (1.11 and 2.14) as pre-emergence application.

Weed management in onion through oxyfluorfen and its effect on soil microflora and succeeding crop of blackgram

A field experiment was carried out to study the bioefficacy and phytotoxicity of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) in onion variety ‘Sukhsagar’ and its residual effect on the succeeding crop black gram variety ‘Basant Bahar (PDU-1)’ in Inceptisol of West Bengal. Pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen 400 g/ha followed by one hand weeding (HW) at 30 days after planting (DAP) caused significantly lower weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the stages. Application of oxyfluorfen 200 g/ha + one HW at 30 DAP kept the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increased the bulb yield in onion. Though micro flora population at the initial stage was reduced due to application of herbicides but later their population was significantly higher than initial. Succeeding crop blackgram sown immediately after the harvest of onion was not affected by the residues of new formulation of oxyfluorfen at all different doses.

Herbicides and polythene mulching effects on yield of cassava

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of weed management practices on cassava under irrigated conditions in Bhubaneswar (Odisha), India for consecutive three years (2010–11 to 2012–13). The results revealed that four rounds of manual weeding at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months after planting (MAP) and black polythene mulching resulted in taller plants, more number of nodes and leaves per plant, maximum number of storage roots per plant, maximum length and girth of storage roots as well as fresh storage roots yield per plant with lower weed biomass. Mean fresh root yield due to black polythene mulching was at par with four rounds of manual weeding (at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAP). Black polythene mulching resulted in higher dry matter partitioning efficiency and soil microbial population. The root yield decreased by 9.6%, due to pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen + two rounds of manual weeding (at 2 and 3 MAP) treatment and 10.1% in two rounds of manual weeding (at 1 and 2 MAP) + post-emergence application of glyphosate (at 3 MAP) compared to four rounds of manual weeding (at 1, 2, 3 and 4 MAP).

Effects of applying different herbicides dosages Oxyfluorfen and Trifluralin on morphological, economical and biological yield of garlic (Allium Sativum L.)

The present study evaluated the effects of different dosages herbicides Oxyfluorfen and Trifluralin on crop properties of garlic, including plant height, number of cloves per bulbs as well as economical and biological yield of garlic. In this research, a randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and three replications, along with a control sample (weeding and no weed control), was conducted in 2012 – 2013. The treatments were included the use of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 liters of Trifluralin per hectare, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 liters of Oxyfluorfen per hectare in one step, 1.5 liters Oxyfluorfen per hectare in two steps, a control with weed interference (two replications in each block) and a weeding and no weed control. Results showed that using different doses of herbicides significantly affected plant height, number of cloves per bulb, 100 seed weight, economical and biological yield and harvest index of garlic. The lowest economic yield was due to control treatment without controlling of weeds (540 g.m-2) and the highest was obtained under 3 treatments of 1.5 liter of oxyfluorfen herbicide (1661.67 g.m-2), hand weeding (1686.67 g.m-2) and split oxyfluorfen application (1670 g.m-2). Finally, oxyfluorfen treatment (1.5 liter) on 3 to 4 weeds leaf, were identified as the most appropriate treatments.

Management of complex weed flora in chickpea

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2013–14 at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) to find out efficient herbicide combinations for weed management in chickpea. Further, significantly higher growth characters viz. plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation as well as yield attributes, seed yield, stover yield and harvest index were recorded under hand weeding twice at 25 and 45 DAS, which was at par with tank mix PE application of oxyfluorfen + metribuzin at 125 + 350 g/ha and registered an yield increase of 74.36 and 73.1%, respectively, over control. Metribuzin at 250 g/ha applied at 20 DAS and oxyfluorfen at 125 g/ha applied at 12 DAS showed phytotoxic effects on chickpea plants and recorded reduction in yield of 62.26 and 53.2%, respectively, over hand weeding twice at 25 and 45 DAS. Economics in terms of net return and B: C ratio recorded maximum under oxyfluorfen + metribuzin at 125 + 350 g/ha as PE. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity of experimental field was significantly maximum under control plot, followed by hand weeding twice at 25 and 45 DAS.

Efficacy and selectivity of pre-emergent sunflower herbicides under different soil moisture conditions

Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Mercurialis annua, and Solanum physalifolium ) was only slightly affected by the soil moisture and these herbicides can be used in arid and semiarid regions. The efficacy of linuron, prosulfocarb, and pethoxamid was strongly affected by soil moisture and was insufficient under dry conditions. The majority of herbicides showed good selectivity for sunflower. Crop injury rate of 5–15% was recorded after application of flurochloridone and ace tochlor. For flurochloridone, the phytotoxicity increased due to irrigation after herbicide application. The highest sunflower injury rate (27–35%) was recorded after application of oxyfluorfen.

Weed management options for sugarcane-vegetable intercropping systems in north-western India

Sugarcane is an important crop in north-western India but due to its long duration annual economic returns tend to be lower than the dominant rice-wheat system. Intercropping of short duration crops in sugarcane could improve profitability and make it more attractive for growers. Sugarcane planted in the autumn season is more suitable for intercropping, as low temperature during winter slows down the growth of sugarcane plants. Therefore, suitability of short duration winter vegetables for intercropping in autumn planted sugarcane and the efficacy of herbicides for weed control in these intercropping systems was investigated over two years. Four cropping systems (sole sugarcane, sugarcane-cabbage, sugarcane-peas and sugarcane-garlic) and six weed control treatments were investigated during 2010–11 and 2011–12. Intercropping of sugarcane with peas, cabbage and garlic produced cane yield (75.3–88.3 t ha−1) similar to sole sugarcane (76.1–86.0 t ha−1) and intercrop yields of 6.28–6.57 t ha−1 for garlic, 7.45–7.88 t ha−1 for peas and 15.3–15.8 t ha−1 for cabbage. The intercropping of these vegetables in sugarcane increased the net monetary returns by 1.74–2.66 fold as compared to sole sugarcane (USD 1648 ha−1). Sugarcane-garlic intercrop had the highest net monetary returns of USD 4384 ha−1 and the highest benefit cost ratio of 2.45; net returns from intercropping of sugarcane with peas and cabbage varied from USD 2873–3094 ha−1. Pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen 0.234 kg ha−1 and pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha−1 provided similar level of weed control to hand-weeding, and increased the yield of cabbage, peas and garlic than the weedy check. The use of herbicides increased the net returns by USD 229–725 ha−1 as compared to the weedy check.