Oxide Nanotubes Research Articles

In-based coordination polymer-derived carbon nanoribbons with abundant CoP nanoparticles in carbon nanotubes for water oxidation.

The sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in overall electrocatalytic water splitting poses a significant challenge in hydrogen production. A series of transition metal phosphides are emerging as promising electrocatalysts, effectively modulating the charge distribution of surrounding atoms for OER. In this study, a highly efficient OER electrocatalyst (CoP-CNR-CNT) was successfully synthesized through the pyrolysis and phosphatization of a Co-doped In-based coordination polymer, specifically InOF-25. This process resulted in evenly dispersed CoP nanoparticles encapsulated in coordination polymer-derived carbon nanoribbons. The synthesized CoP-CNR-CNT demonstrated a competitive OER activity with a smaller overpotential (η10) of 295.7 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a satisfactory long-term stability compared to the state-of-the-art RuO2 (η10 = 353.7 mV). The high OER activity and stability can be attributed to the high conductivity of the carbon network, the abundance of CoP particles, and the intricate nanostructure of nanoribbons/nanotubes. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design and facile preparation of efficient non-precious metal-based OER electrocatalysts from inorganic-organic coordination polymers, with potential applications in various energy conversion and storage systems.

Enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activity of Au-coated Ni–Ti–O nanotubes for biomedical applications

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy is a smart material exhibiting superelasticity, contributing to low stiffness and facilitating integration with bone structures. However, NiTi alloy's bioactivity and antibacterial activity limit its dental applications. In this study, we fabricated nickel titanium oxide (Ni–Ti–O) nanotubes with the potential for bioactivity and photocatalytic properties on the surface of NiTi alloy. Specifically, we applied a coating of gold (Au) nanoparticles to the surface of Ni–Ti–O nanotubes, in order to leverage the antibacterial activity through the photocatalytic effect under 470 nm visible light. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) observations revealed that Au was deposited mainly at the top surface of Ni–Ti–O nanotubes (diameter: 12.76 ± 2.91 nm, height: 721.12 ± 50.25 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analyses revealed that the Ni–Ti–O nanotubes were NiTiO3 crystalline phases with low crystallinity. Therefore, based on the methylene blue (MB) degradation test, the photocatalytic effect was only achieved under visible light at 470 nm, facilitated by the presence of Au. The antibacterial colony forming unit test and enzymatic activity tests demonstrated that Au-coated Ni–Ti–O nanotubes displayed excellent antibacterial activity under 470 nm visible light irradiation, which was also attributed to photocatalytic effect. Consequently, the combination of Au-coated Ni–Ti–O nanotubes and visible light-based photofunctionalization holds promise for expressing antibacterial properties in dental applications.

State-of-the-art epoxy vitrimer nanocomposites with graphene, carbon nanotube and silica—fundamentals and applications (radiation shielding, sensing and corrosion resistance)

Recent research is shifting towards adopting recyclable and sustainable plastics instead of traditionally used thermosetting materials. Accordingly, vitrimers behave both as thermoplastics as well as thermosetting polymers. Inimitable vitrimer polymers have been developed with dynamically crosslinked structures enhancing the durability, reprocessing, and mechanical and chemical stability features. This state-of-the-art review discusses vitrimer nanocomposites reinforced with carbonaceous (carbon nanotube, graphene, and graphene oxide) and inorganic (silica, halloysite nanotube) nanofillers has been particularly emphasized. Beneficial structural, microstructural, mechanical strength, modulus, thermal, conducting, reprocessing, engineering, shape memory, self-healing, kinetic, and theoretical topographies have been observed with vitrimers or modified vitrimers (disulfide or ether functional) matrices along with nano-reinforcements towards multifunctional architectures. High-tech vitrimeric nanocomposites show potential regarding electromagnetic shielding, anticorrosion coatings, sensors, joints welding, adhesives, and other sectors. Versatile design compensations, degradability, reprocessability, and methodological features/applications point towards next-generation sustainable materials for modern industries. Hence, this article presents advancements in the field of high performance vitrimeric nanocomposites.

Numerical solution of entropy generation in nanofluid flow through a surface with thermal radiation applications

The main purpose of this research is to investigate a mathematical model of nanofluid passing through a stretching sheet having titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper oxide (CuO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanoparticles, and sodium alginate is used as a base fluid. The present model can be very useful for numerous fields like Bioengineering, science, and technology. The main reason for using titanium dioxide, copper oxide, and carbon nanotubes nanoparticles as nanomaterials they have many applications in several areas. Moreover, impacts of non-linear thermal radiation and entropy generations are taken into account. By utilizing the similarity transformation technique given system of governing PDEs are transformed into a set of ODE. Then dimensionless equations are numerically tackled via the Keller box method a built-in function in the computer tool MATLAB. To support the present study, physical and numerical interpretations of involved parameters against velocity, temperature, and entropy generation profiles are also presented. From the analysis it is concluded that the combination of a magnetic field and suction reduces the rate of fluid mobility due to the synchronization of the magnetic and electric fields generated by the formation of the Lorentz force. In addition, boosting the thermal radiation parameter raises the present authors' heat transfer rate. The velocity profile drops when the Casson parameter is raised, but the heat and entropy production profiles grow. When the porosity parameter is increased, the velocity profile falls, and the heat and entropy production profiles rise. Additionally the temperature distribution is boosted up with increasing the values of nanoparticles volume fraction. The good agreement between current results and published data is observed. It is necessary to investigate the thermophysical characteristics of the magnetite nanofluid (titanium dioxide, copper oxide, and carbon nanotubes-sodium alginate nanofluid) under various situations. The MHD flow of nanofluid is significant because of its wide range of industrial uses, including flows over the tips of rockets, planes, submarines, and oil tankers. The novelty of this work is to scrutinize the MHD flow and heat transfer analysis of a nanofluid towards a stretched surface. The features of magnetite nanofluid (titanium dioxide, copper oxide, and carbon nanotubes-sodium alginate nanofluid) under entropy generation, thermal radiation and velocity slip are investigated. All of this contributes to the work's uniqueness and novel.

Environmentally friendly PtNiCo nanocatalysts enhanced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sustainable methanol oxidation in an alkaline medium.

In this study, trimetallic PtNiCo/MWCNT and PtNiCo catalysts were synthesized using a microwave method to reduce the amount of precious Pt. The prepared catalysts were characterized using XRD, TEM, and EDX mapping and their electrochemical performances for methanol oxidation were investigated. The results showed that the MWCNT-supported catalyst showed 2.42 times higher electrochemical activity than the PtNiCo catalyst with a peak current density of 283.14 mA cm-2 at -0.2 V potential. Moreover, in long-term stability tests, it exhibited high stability and 4.97 times higher current density at the end of 3600 s. The results showed that the MWCNT-supported catalyst offered improved electron transfer, 4.7 times higher surface area, and resistance to CO poisoning. These performance improvements due to the trimetallic structure are mostly thought to help accelerate the dehydrogenation of methanol. This study contains important findings for future functional catalyst design in the fields of catalysis and energy conversion.

A hemin/rGO/MWCNT nanocomposite-based dual signal electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive detection of NSE.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a tumor marker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), has high application value in the early diagnosis of SCLC. In this study, a dual signal electrochemical aptasensor for NSE was constructed based on hemin/reduced graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube (H-rGO-MWCNT) nanocomposites. Hemin played a dual role, functioning not only as an in situ electrochemical probe but also exhibiting excellent peroxidase-like properties, effectively catalyzing the electroreduction of H2O2. Reduced graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibited excellent conductivity. Through their binding with hemin, the nanocomposites achieved a larger specific surface area, providing numerous active sites for capturing the NSE aptamer. In the presence of NSE, the specific adsorption between the antigen and the aptamer formed a stable antigen-aptamer structure, which inhibited the performance of hemin, resulting in the weakening of the electrochemical signals of hemin and H2O2. Leveraging these characteristics, the sensitive and cost-effective dual-signal electrochemical aptasensor has been fabricated for the detection of NSE. One signal corresponded to differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of hemin, while the other signal was derived from chronoamperometry, capturing the catalytic reduction of H2O2. The linear ranges for NSE were 1 pg mL-1 to 1 μg mL-1 and 100 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.21 pg mL-1 and 11.22 pg mL-1 by DPV and chronoamperometry, respectively. In addition, this aptasensor exhibited good reproducibility, stability and specificity. The recovery of NSE in human blood serum samples was from 89% to 131%. It provided a promising strategy for the detection of NSE in clinical diagnostics.

Electrochemical sensors based on the composite of reduced graphene oxide and a multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous detection of hydroquinone, dopamine, and uric acid.

Using a simple drop-casting technique, we successfully fabricated a sensitive electrochemical sensor based on the composite of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for individual and simultaneous measurements of hydroquinone (HQ), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). The nanocomposite of RGO/MWCNT was further characterized in terms of its structural properties, surface morphology, and topography using Raman, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, and AFM. Then, the proposed sensor for simultaneous measurement of HQ, DA, and UA based on RGO/MWCNT-modified GCE was investigated for its electrochemical behavior and electroanalytical performances using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In addition, the composition ratio between RGO and MWCT was 1 : 1 showing the highest electrochemical response for simultaneous detection of HQ, DA, and UA. Owing to the synergistic effect between RGO and MWCNT leading to excellent conductivity properties, the proposed sensor exhibited improved electrochemical response at pH 7 toward the oxidation processes of HQ, DA, and UA on the surface of modified electrode. The proposed sensor demonstrated three well-defined anodic peaks of these analytes with their linear concentrations ranges of 3.0-150.0 μM for HQ, 4.0-100.0 μM for DA, and 2.0-70.0 μM for UA. The limit of detection values for the simultaneous detection of HQ, DA, and UA were found as follows 0.400 ± 0.014, 0.500 ± 0.006, and 0.300 ± 0.016 μM, respectively. The additional features of this proposed sensor are high reproducibility and stability for the simultaneous detection of HQ, DA, and UA with negligible interference effect from interferents such as Mg2+, K+, Cl-, ascorbic acid, and glucose. An acceptable percentage of recovery was also shown by this sensor for simultaneous measurements of HQ, DA, and UA using 6 samples of human urine. In summary, the RGO/MWCNT nanocomposite has been shown to be a promising platform for rapid, simple, and reliable determination of simultaneous measurements of HQ, DA, and UA in practical applications.

Carbon nanomaterials as carriers for the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin: a review on theoretical and experimental studies.

The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide in a life-threatening manner. In such a scenario, the development of anti-cancer drugs with minimal side effects and effective drug delivery systems is of paramount importance. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the powerful anti-cancer drugs from the chemical family anthracycline, which is used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and hematological malignancies. However, DOX has been associated with many side effects, including lethal cardiotoxicity, baldness, gastrointestinal disturbances and cognitive function impairment. Even though DOX is administered in liposomal formulations to reduce its toxicity and enhance its therapeutic profile, the liposomal formulations themselves have certain therapeutic profile limitations such as "palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE)", which shows severe swelling and redness in the skin, thus restricting the dosage and reducing patient compliance. In contemporary chemotherapy research, there is a great interest in the utilization of nanomaterials for precise and targeted drug delivery applications, especially using carbon-based nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both experimental and theoretical scientific works, exploring diverse forms of carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes that function as carriers for DOX. In addition, the review consolidates information on the fate of the carriers after the delivery of the payload at the site of action through different imaging techniques and the various pathways through which the body eliminates these nanomaterials. In conclusion, the review presents a detailed overview of the toxicities associated with these carriers within the human body, contributing to the development of enhanced drug delivery systems.

Effects of iron oxide and carbon nanotube contents on mechanical properties and shape memory behavior of biocompatible and biodegradable shape memory polymers

AbstractThe shape memory polymers (SMPs) is a potential alternative material for conventional shape memory alloys (SMAs) in various fields. Previous studies have focused on the application of SMPs materials as an alternative to SMAs. However, considering problems such as the poor mechanical properties, its application has been limited. This study developed a biodegradable, magnetically responsive SMPs material that can be used for medical implants with shape memory behavior under magnetic force and improved mechanical properties by adding nanoparticles. Moreover, effect of the added nanoparticle was investigated due to contents ratio. Nanocomposite was synthesized with polycaprolactone which has shape memory properties, Fe3O4 that generates heat under magnetic field, and carbon nanotubes with reinforcing effect. The morphology analysis confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of the Fe3O4/Carbon‐nanotubes (CNTs) in polymer matrix. The tensile test shows that tensile strength (14.9–17.6 MPa) increased when Fe3O4 (0–20 wt%) was included and that it did not increase significantly when CNTs (0–0.8 wt%) were included. The shape memory test result confirmed that developed composite had a shape memory under a magnetic field. It was confirmed that even if Fe3O4 was incorporated into polycaprolactone, did not lose its exothermic properties under magnetic field. The developed polymer showed high shape memory ratio (91%–98%) in all the nanoparticle content rates. With regard to biodegradability, weight loss occurred over time in the phosphate‐buffered saline solution. Therefore, the biocompatible, biodegradable, magnetic response shape memory polymer developed in this study might applied to various medical implant as advanced shape memory materials.

Synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag)@C-graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes hybrid nanoarchitectures

In this work, we made an effort to use dopamine hydrochloride and the solid state method to anchor the gold and silver metallic nanoparticles over the graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes to improve the metal nanoparticles' interaction with the support materials. Because the hybrid nanoarchitectures of graphene-CNT provide enhanced electron transfer ability, which facilitates the catalytic activity more quickly and enhances the rate. Additionally, carbon nanotubes–graphene oxide-metal nanoparticles based hybrid catalyst was developed in a similar fashion. The formation of metallic nanoparticles in a size range of 3–15 nm is visible in the micrographs. These particles developed as nano-islands. The excess reductant formed as polydopamine acts as a stabilizer, and further, we utilise this polydoapmine into carbon by the calcination process. It results that carbonous materials will enhance the interaction between metal and support (CNT/GO). This leads to improved catalytic activity towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and catalytic decolorization of methylene blue at room temperature. The suggested technique for synthesizing metal nanoparticles over carbon nanostructures is simple and environmentally friendly.

Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes in Raman Spectroscopy

Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes in Raman Spectroscopy

Superparamagnetic titanate nanocomposites obtained from a polymorphic mixture of titanium dioxide

The n-type titanate heterojunction with p-type transition metal oxides reduces the recombination effect (e−/h+) and improves the magnetic, electronic, and luminescent properties. Based on these related properties, the synthesis of nanocomposite sodium-cobalt titanate nanotube and iron oxide (Co-NaTiNT@FeO) was performed using titanium dioxide (polymorphic mixture: brookite, anatase and rutile), cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and iron oxide (FeO). The synthesized materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopies, thermogravimetry and differential (TG-dTG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), adsorption/desorption of N2 by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results revealed the presence of Co2+ ions in the lamellar region of the nanotubes, in addition to verifying that there was no collapse of the nanotubes before and after the anchoring of the FeO nanoparticles. Using the XPS technique, the presence of 2.49 wt% of Fe (2p), as well as 1.55 wt% of Co (2p), was identified; these elements favoured the band gap reduction from 3.61 to 2.66 eV compared to sodium titanate nanotube (NaTiNT); in addition, they favoured the emergence of emissions associated with the red, yellow, and orange colours, described through PL. The surface area of the composite changed from 197.00 to 210.46 m2 g−1, possibly due to the homogeneous presence of anchored superparamagnetic FeO nanoparticles. Finally, the results were consistent with the proposal for the synthesis of Co-NaTiNT@FeO, which had improvements in its properties, especially its magnetic properties.

Photocurrent response loss of dye sensitized solar cells owing to top surface nanograss growth and bundling of anodic TiO2 nanotubes

In this research, the effect of anodization time on the length of the titanium oxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) and photovoltaic parameters of back-side illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated. The TNAs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (X-ray) or (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anodic TNAs having tube lengths from 7.9 to 20.17 μm were produced in ethylene glycol containing ammonium fluoride-NH4F by increasing the anodizing time from 20 min to 6 h. Based on I–V curves, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of back-side illuminated dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) increased for TNAs grown for up to 120 min, but decreased afterward. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we understand that the resistance of the TNAs decreased from 94.82 Ω cm−2 for TNAs anodized for 20 min down to 50.43 Ω cm−2 for those TNAs anodized for 120 min, however, it increases for TNAs anodized for longer periods of time. Furthermore, the short circuit current density (Jsc) increased from 3.14 to 5.67 mA cm−2 during 2 h anodic oxidation for TNAs, and leading to enhanced efficiency of about 200 % (from 1.19 % to 2.45 %). We interpret this behaviour with the top surface morphology evolution of TNAs as a function of anodization time which is associated with the formation of top surface nanograss and bundling the tubes for specific durations.

Interaction of procarbazine drug and solvent effects on pristine and embedded-zinc oxide nanotube as a drug delivery vehicle: A DFT investigation

Numerous research studies have been carried out on nano-structures regarding their potential applications in drug delivery for treating cancers. Within the current work, the procarbazine (PB) drug delivery ability of a pure ZnO nanotube (PZnO-NT) and X-doped (X = Al, Ge, and In) ZnO-NT is inspected through DFT computations. The results demonstrates that PZnO-NT isn't suitable for the PB drug delivery. We showed that doping the Al, Ge, and In atoms into the ZnO-NT structure changes the adsorption energy (AdE) of PB from −6.9 to −26.4, −28.7, and −31.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, there is a substantial amount of charge transfer from PB to the doped ZnO-NT based on the natural bond orbital analysis. Using water solvent changes the AdE of the drug on the In-doped ZnO-NT from −31.5 to −29.8 kcal/mol. Hence, based on the computations undertaken within this work, the X-doped ZnO-NT can be utilized as a suitable PB carrier.

One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures: H<sub>2</sub> Gas Sensors

This article thoroughly analyses metal oxide nanostructures with one-dimensional properties and their utilisation in hydrogen (H2) gas detection. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in utilising the distinct characteristics of Metal Oxides (MOXs) Nanowires (NWs), Nanorods (NRs), and Nanotubes (NTs) to create advanced H2 gas sensors with exceptional performance. The article examines the ways of synthesising these nanostructures, focusing on hydrothermal, solvothermal, and electrospinning processes due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to produce high yields. This article discusses the operation of hydrogen (H2) gas sensors that utilize one-dimensional metal oxide frameworks that can perform effectively at both room temperature and low temperatures. Moreover, the research highlights the need to examine adjustable growth factors to enhance the efficiency of these nanostructures. Furthermore, this study comprehensively investigates the effects of decoration, functionalization, and doping techniques on boosting the chemical and physical characteristics of Metal Oxides (MOXs) that are useful in gas sensing functionality. The study proposes the necessity for future research to investigate the operational processes of metal oxide nanostructures, specifically in the setting of hybrid nanocomposites. Thorough investigations like this are essential for evaluating the effects of certain materials on the structure and form of the hybrid system. This review aims to offer substantial insights that will enhance the advancement of high-performance sensor devices tailored for the detection of hydrogen gas. Additionally, the review incorporates a perspective that illuminates the expected future research trends in the field.

Functionalization of Graphene-Nanotube Nanostructures by BaO Nanoparticles for Devices with Field Electron Emission

A technology has been developed for the functionalization of hybrid nanostructures (HNS) from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes with BaO nanoparticles. Quantum methods have been used to numerically establish patterns of reduction in the work function of the HNS. It is established that the emission current of functionalized HNSs increases by more than 40 times compared to non-functionalized samples. Such HNS can be promising for devices with a current density of at least 2 A/cm2.

Phytate-modified MOFs grown on carbon nanotubes for efficient adsorption of uranium(Ⅵ) from seawater

The selective separation of uranium through adsorption remains a formidable challenge. Therefore, a one-step hydrothermal method was initially employed to anchor the metal-organic framework onto carbon nanotube oxides (NH2-MIL-101@MWCNT, the BET surface area of 1017.63 m2·g−1). Subsequently, a surface-functionalized composite nanoparticle (named PA-MIL-101@MWCNT, the BET surface area of up to 368.14 m2·g−1) was synthesized through phosphorylation via the Mannich reaction for uranium adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments unequivocally demonstrated that the modification with phytic acid led to a significant improvement in the uranium adsorption capacity of the composite material, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 599.77 mg·g−1. The initial adsorption rate of PA-MIL-101@MWCNT was exceptionally rapid, achieving 73.84 % of the maximum adsorption capacity within 10 min. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics indicated that uranium adsorption follows a single-molecule chemisorption mechanism. PA-MIL-101@MWCNT exhibits exceptional resistance to ionic interference within natural seawater, demonstrating excellent stability and recyclability. XPS and DFT calculations strongly supported the notion that the uranium adsorption mechanism was associated with the oxygen atoms in the PO and P-O functional groups. These findings suggest that PA-MIL-101@MWCNT can be considered an excellent material for uranium extraction from seawater, which is significant to the sustainable utilization of nuclear energy materials.

Crafting advanced supercapacitor electrodes with calcium manganese oxide in synergy with rGO and MWCNTs

Despite significant progress in developing metal oxide composite electrodes, methods to improve conductivity and integrate them with carbon nanocomposites remain scarce. Herein, we have synthesized carbon variants – metal oxide composite electrodes with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This study outlines the process of synthesizing CaMn3O6 microbeads (∼0.4 μm), which are dispersed within reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The synthesis involves a hydrothermal reaction followed by a calcination process. The synthesized samples are fabricated as a pouch type asymmetric supercapacitor device. The electrodes labelled as CMO–G and CMO–M were tested in three electrode system wherein CMO–M delivered a capacitance of 483 F/g and CMO-G delivered a capacitance of 356 F/g. Low resistance, excellent cycling stability makes CMO–M a suitable electrode for practical applications. The device CMO–M||AC delivered capacitance of 140 F/g and showed a capacity retention up to 84 % even after 20,000 cycles. CMO–M||AC device delivered energy density of 43.81 Wh kg−1 at 750 W kg−1 power density. Our results distinctly demonstrate the significant potential achieved through the synergistic effect in CaMn3O6 and carbon variants. This understanding could prove valuable in the creation of advanced energy storage solutions.

Obtaining nanocomposites based on recycled polystyrene from urban solid waste with carbon nanostructures: graphene oxide and multi-wall carbon nanotubes, modified with organic acids

The excessive use of polystyrene has caused great environmental problems at a global level, an alternative to reduce this problem is recycling, in order to obtain new products from waste, so the objective of this manuscript is to obtain nanocomposites (NCs) from recycled polystyrene with the integration of graphene oxide (OG) and multiple walled carbon nanotubes (NTCPM) previously modified with benzoic acid at concentrations of 0.33 and 5% respectively. Low toxicity solvent was used. The materials obtained were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and light microscopy, finding by FTIR that the chemical structure of the polystyrene was not affected after the integration of the nanostructures and processing, which suggests that they are maintained the properties, regarding the optical micrographs, it can be observed that the NCs with the modified nanostructures presented a homogeneous dispersion, with respect to the thermogravimetric analysis, they increased 27 ° C in thermal stability.

Bioengineered Smart Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Treatment: Adorned Carbon-Based Nanocomposites with Silver and Palladium Complexes for Efficient Drug Delivery.

Biocompatible and bioactive carbon-based nanocomposites are ingeniously designed and fabricated with the aim of enhancing drug delivery applicability in breast cancer treatment. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are utilized as nanocarriers for increasing penetrability into cells and the loading capacity. What sets our study apart is the strategic incorporation of the two different complexes of silver (AgL2) and palladium (PdL2) with the carboxamide-based ligand C9H7N3OS (L), which have been synthesized and decorated on nanocarriers alongside doxorubicin (DOX) for stabilizing DOX by π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. Although DOX is a well-known cancer therapy agent, the efficacy of DOX is hindered owing to drug resistance, poor internalization, and limited site specificity. Aside from stabilizing DOX on nanocarriers, our carbon-based nanocarriers are tailored to act as a precision-guided missile, strategically by adorning with target-sensitive complexes. Based on the literature, carboxamide ligands can connect to overexpressed receptors on cancerous cells and inhibit them from proliferation signaling. Also, the complexes have an antibacterial activity that can control the infection caused by decreasing white blood cells and necrosis of cancerous cells. A high-concentration cytotoxicity assay revealed that decorating PdL2 on a DOX-containing nanocarrier not only increased cytotoxicity to breast cancerous cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) but also revealed higher cell viability on a normal cell line (MCF-10A). The drug release screening results showed that the presence of PdL2 led to 72 h correlate release behavior in acidic and physiological pH profiles, while the AgL2-containing nanocomposite showed an analogue behavior for just 6 h and the release of DOX continued and after about 100 h hit the top.