Oxide CuO Research Articles

Comprehensive evaluation of MWCNT/HAp and Cu-functionalized MWCNT/HAp coatings on Ti6Al4V implants: Enhancing surface characteristics and biocompatibility via plasma electrolytic oxidation

This study investigates the evolving relationships and interactions between two distinct materials used in hard tissue implants: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs). The surface modification of the Ti6Al4V implant substrate was achieved using hydroxyapatite (HAp) and its composite materials with MWCNTs and Cu-functionalized MWCNTs electrolytes. The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method was employed to enhance the physicochemical properties of the coatings. Incorporating MWCNTs into the HAp composite significantly improved these properties, resulting in superior overall corrosion resistance. MWCNTs effectively inhibited the corrosion process of the underlying metal substrate and reduced the formation of corrosion products. Additionally, it helped stabilize the HAp particles in the coating, reducing their dissolution in the corrosive environment. Additionally, the PEO process led to the formation of copper oxides (CuO and Cu2O) from Cu NPs, which were carefully analysed for their impact on coating properties. The antibacterial properties of the coatings were attributed to specific mechanisms of copper oxide products, including CuO and Cu2O, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress in bacteria. These mechanisms, involving ion release, surface interactions, and intracellular effects, were discussed in detail to explain the observed antibacterial activity. Additionally, this study provides a detailed comparison of MWCNTs and Cu/MWCNT coatings applied on Ti6Al4V using a HAp-containing electrolyte, highlighting the physicochemical and antibacterial effects and the factors influencing these properties. The findings suggest that these composite coatings offer promising potential for enhancing the performance of dental implants, thereby contributing to better implant longevity and biocompatibility.

Cotton fabric coated with graphene oxide nanosheets and CuO nanoparticles as a “dip catalyst” for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes

This research focuses on the immobilization in-situ of CuO nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanosheets modified cotton fabric (CuO/GO@CF) for the photodegradation, of organic dyes. The process involves coating the fabrics (CF) with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets through sonication.The produced CuO, GO@CF, and CuO/GO@CF have been characterized utilizing various physicochemical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourrier Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR), trans mission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The catalytic activity of the nanocomposite was assessed by methylene blue (MB) oxidation. Additionally, a detailed analysis was conducted to determine how various parameters, including catalyst surface, pH, MB concentration and CuO loading (%), affected the degradation efficiency. The results showed that the 10 %CuO/5 %GO@CF with a surface of 4 cm2 (2 × 2 cm) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, achieving a MB removal efficiency of 82 % in 90 min. Additionally, after successive reaction cycles, the synthesized composite showed excellent stability and no appreciable drop-in catalytic activity. Moreover, it was shown that the primary reactive oxidative species (ROSs) in charge of the extremely effective MB breakdown were HO.. Lastly, catalyst stability and recyclability showed that CuO/GO@CF might be used as a substitute photocatalyst for environmental cleanup and dye degradation. This synthetized composite can be easily added to and removed from the reaction solution while maintaining high catalytic performance in the removal of dyes and it could be beneficial in avoiding problems related to powder separation.

Mechanisms and Assessment of Genotoxicity of Metallic Engineered Nanomaterials in the Human Environment.

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have a broad array of applications in agriculture, engineering, manufacturing, and medicine. Decades of toxicology research have demonstrated that ENMs can cause genotoxic effects on bacteria, mammalian cells, and animals. Some metallic ENMs (MENMs), e.g., metal or metal oxide nanoparticles TiO2 and CuO, induce genotoxicity via direct DNA damage and/or reactive oxygen species-mediated indirect DNA damage. There are various physical features of MENMs that may play an important role in promoting their genotoxicity, for example, size and chemical composition. For a valid genotoxicity assessment of MENMs, general considerations should be given to various factors, including, but not limited to, NM characterization, sample preparation, dosing selection, NM cellular uptake, and metabolic activation. The recommended in vitro genotoxicity assays of MENMs include hprt gene mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, and micronucleus assay. However, there are still knowledge gaps in understanding the mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity of MENMs. There are also a variety of challenges in the utilization and interpretation of the genotoxicity assessment assays of MENMs. In this review article, we provide mechanistic insights into the genotoxicity of MENMs in the human environment. We review advances in applying new endpoints, biomarkers, and methods to the genotoxicity assessments of MENMs. The guidance of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union on the genotoxicity assessments of MENMs is also discussed.

Microwave Ignition of Thermites

AbstractThis study investigates the microwave ignition behavior of a range of thermites of aluminum, boron, titanium, and tantalum fuels with oxides of Bi2O3, CuO, and Fe2O3. In order to gain insight into the modes of energy transfer leading to ignition, thermites are heated in either a purely electric or magnetic field environment within a single‐mode 2.45 GHz resonant cavity with electric field strengths of 40 to 110 kV/m and magnetic field strengths of 22 to 258 A/m. Thermite stoichiometry is varied as well as particle size and thermite mass. The shortest ignition delays in electric and magnetic fields were found to be 1.37 s (nAl and CuO) and 0.87 s (nAl and CuO), respectively. The use of a variety of carbon susceptors to shorten ignition delay is also studied. Carbon susceptors are found to appreciably shorten ignition delays to as short as 140 and 170 ms for the E and B field respectively (nAl and CuO with multiwalled carbon nanotubes). The results of this work are informative on thermite component choice and the preferred mechanism (electric vs magnetic field) of heating for various thermite compositions for consideration of the increasingly popular ignition via electromagnetic fields.

Role of Structural and Compositional Changes of Cu2O Nanocubes in Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia.

Nitrate electroreduction reaction (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3) still faces fundamental and technological challenges. While Cu-based catalysts have been widely explored, their activity and stability relationship are still not fully understood. Here, we systematically monitored the dynamic alterations in the chemical and morphological characteristics of Cu2O nanocubes (NCs) during NO3RR in an alkaline electrolyte. In 1 h of electrolysis from -0.10 to -0.60 V vs RHE, the electrocatalyst achieved the maximum NH3 faradaic efficiency (FE) and yield rate at -0.3 V (94% and 149 μmol h-1 cm-2, respectively). Similar efficiency could be found at a lower overpotential (-0.20 V vs RHE) in long-term electrolysis. At -0.20 V vs RHE, the catalyst FE increased from 73% in the first 2 h to ∼90% in 10 h of electrolysis. Electron microscopy revealed the loss of the cubic shape with the formation of sintered domains. In situ Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and in situ Cu K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) indicated the reduction of Cu2O to oxide-derived Cu0 (OD-Cu). Nevertheless, a remaining Cu2O phase was noticed after 1 h of electrolysis at -0.3 V vs RHE. This observation indicates that the activity and selectivity of the initially well-defined Cu2O NCs are not solely dependent on the initial structure. Instead, it underscores the emergence of an OD-Cu-rich surface, evolving from near-surface to underlying layers over time and playing a crucial role in the reaction pathways. By employing online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we experimentally probed the presence of key intermediates (NO and NH2OH) and byproducts of NO3RR (N2 and N2H x ) for NH3 formation. These results show a complex relationship between activity and stability of the nanostructured Cu2O oxide catalyst for NO3RR.

Microstructural Stability and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi High Entropy Alloy

Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi is a high-entropy alloy composed of transition metals, specifically designed for high-temperature applications owing to its favorable mechanical properties, high melting point, and excellent high-temperature resistance. This alloy has been identified as a promising material for space exploration, particularly in the fabrication of combustion chambers and rocket nozzles by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency. Ongoing alloy development involves modifying the elemental composition. This study reduced aluminum content in the equiatomic AlCoCrCuFeNi alloy to Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi, followed by isothermal oxidation treatments at 800, 900, and 1000℃. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the microstructure stability and oxidation behavior of the Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi alloy. The alloying elements were melted using a single DC electric arc furnace, followed by homogenization at 1100°C for 10 hours in an inert atmosphere. Subsequently, samples were cut into coupons for isothermal oxidation testing at the desired temperatures for 2, 16, 40, and 168 hours. The oxidized samples were characterized using XRD (x-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) equipped with EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), optical microscopy, and Vickers hardness testing. The as-homogenized alloy consisted of two constituent phases: an FCC (face-centered cubic) phase in the dendritic region and a copper-rich FCC phase in the inter-dendritic region. The oxides formed during the oxidation process included Al2O3, Cr2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, CuO, NiO, and spinel oxides (Co,Ni,Cu)(Al,Cr,Fe)2O4), with distinct formation mechanisms at each temperature.

Self-assembled Si-based anode combined with electrostatic spinning method to realize high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Addressing the volume expansion when silicon and metal oxides alone are used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This study used a simple self-assembly method and electrostatic spinning technique to prepare silicon@copper oxide@carbon nanofibres (CNFs) anodes with dual modification. The high rigidity of metal oxide CuO and the excellent cycling stability of CNFs effectively reduce the buildup of silicon particles, alleviate the volume expansion effect, and improve the electrical conductivity, which leads to better cycling stability and larger specific capacity of lithium-ion batteries. An excellent reversible specific capacity of 748.5 mAh g‐1−1 was observed after 800 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1. In addition, the surface of Si@CuO@CNFs electrodes remains smooth and undamaged after 800 cycles, and the increase in cross-sectional thickness is about 68 %, which is significantly smaller than the 300 % increase in cross-sectional thickness of pure Si anode and effectively improves the specific capacity of Li-ion batteries. This research optimizes the design of silicon-based anode materials with simple and mature process technology, which makes an indispensable contribution to developing high-efficiency, long-life, and environmentally friendly lithium-ion batteries. The easy availability and non-polluting nature of the materials used also effectively reduce the reliance on rare or expensive elements, minimize the production process's environmental impact, and vigorously promote the global energy transition and low-carbon green development strategy.

Copper oxides CuO and Cu2O processed by spark plasma sintering—Electrical characterization and photo-activated conductivity

Commercial powders made of two copper oxides were compacted with spark plasma sintering (SPS). Their dielectric properties were studied in a broad range of frequencies and temperatures. Various relaxation phenomena were documented. DC resistivity was measured as well. Microstructure and phase composition were studied, and phase purity was shown for CuO, whereas Cu2O was more sensitive to carbon contamination during the SPS processing. Influence of the sintering temperature on microstructure and electrical properties was described for both materials. Change of DC resistivity induced by visible light irradiation was monitored for 48h. The overall difference between CuO and Cu2O from the electrical standpoint was finally not so dramatic as the stoichiometry indicated. Both materials exhibited giant permittivity, but extremely dependent on frequency and temperature. Application could find such systems mainly in the branch of sensors.

Development of ternary hybrid nanofluid for a viscous Casson fluid flow through an inclined micro-porous channel with Rosseland nonlinear thermal radiation

ABSTRACT The current problem is concerned with the investigation of Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through microchannel. Nanofluids containing three distinct kinds of nanoparticles have a lot of industrial and engineering applications as a result of their amazing thermal properties. The nanoparticles (alumina A l 2 O 3 , titanium oxide Ti O 2 , and copper oxide CuO ) are immersed in base fluid (ethylene glycol C 2 H 6 O 2 ) resulting in ternary hybrid nanofluid ( A l 2 O 3 + Ti O 2 + CuO / C 2 H 6 O 2 ). For the problem under consideration, the momentum distribution, temperature distribution, entropy generation, and Bejan number have been examined. With the aid of tables and graphs, comparisons of ternary hybrid, binary hybrid, and mono nanofluids have also been investigated. With nondimensional variables, the governing equations are transformed into a dimensionless form and solved using the Chebyshev Collocation Method (CCM). Analysis shows that the increment in Reynolds number, Brinkmann number, and exponential heat source parameter results in an enhancement in the dimensionless temperature and the variational improvement of the thermal radiation parameter reduces the thermal distribution. Hence, the findings show that ternary hybrid nanofluids perform better in terms of thermal conductivity performance than either binary hybrid or mono nanofluids.

Investigation of Adsorption Optimization, Kinetic and Isotherm Behaviors of 60Co and 152+154Eu Radioisotopes from Nuclear Radioactive Wastewater onto a Novel Co0.5Ni0.5O–Co2Mo3O8–CuO–ZnO Perovskite Metal Oxides Nanosorbent

Herein in this study, a new nanosorbent consisted of perovskite cobalt–nickel oxide Co0.5Ni0.5O and perovskite cobalt–molybdenum oxide Co2Mo3O8, copper oxide CuO, and zinc oxide ZnO, has been synthesized. The structural and morphological properties of the nanosorbent were established by using FT-IR, PXRD, TGA, HR-TEM, SEM, and EDX. The nanosorbent was implemented to adsorb 60Co and 152+154Eu radioactive isotopes under diverse conditions using different pH values, contact times, radioactive nuclides concentrations, and temperatures. The highest adsorption removal for both radionuclides was obtained at pH 6.0 as 83.65 and 122.50 mg/g for 60Co(II), and 152+154Eu(III), respectively. The adsorption models for 60Co(II) were fitted with Temkin only, on the other hand, the adsorption of 152+154Eu(III) was fitted with four adsorption models. The kinetics for 60Co(II) were fitted with the Pseudo first order (PFO), Pseudo second order (PSO), and Intraparticle models on the other hand 152+154Eu(III) were found to agree with the Pseudo first order (PFO) and intraparticle models.

Effect of Co-Sputtered Copper and Titanium Oxide Coatings on Bacterial Resistance and Cytocompatibility of Osteoblast Cells.

One of the primary risk factors for implant failure is thought to be implant-related infections during the early healing phase. Developing coatings with cell stimulatory behaviour and bacterial adhesion control is still difficult for bone implants. This study proposes an approach for one-step deposition of biocompatible and antimicrobial Cu-doped TiO2 coatings via glow-discharge sputtering of a mosaic target. During the deposition, the bias of the Ti6Al4V substrates was changed. Structure examination, phase analysis, and surface morphology were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The hardness values and hydrophilic and corrosion performance were also evaluated together with cytocompatible and antibacterial examinations against E. coli and S. aureus. The results show great chemical and phase control of the bias identifying rutile, anatase, CuO, or ternary oxide phases. It was found that by increasing the substrate bias from 0 to -50 V the Cu content increased from 15.3 up to 20.7 at% while at a high bias of -100 V, the copper content reduced to 3 at%. Simultaneously, apart from the Cu2+ state, Cu1+ is also found in the biased samples. Compared with the bare alloy, the hardness, the water contact angle and corrosion resistance of the biased coatings increased. According to an assessment of in vitro cytocompatibility, all coatings were found to be nontoxic to MG-63 osteoblast cells over the time studied. Copper release and cell-surface interactions generated an antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus strains. The -50 V biased coating combined the most successful results in inhibiting bacterial growth and eliciting the proper responses from osteoblastic cells because of its phase composition, electrochemical stability, hydrophilicity, improved substrate adhesion, and surface roughness. Using this novel surface modification approach, we achieved multifunctionality through controlled copper content and oxide phase composition in the sputtered films.

PH-Dependent Morphology of Copper (II) Oxide in Hydrothermal Process and Their Photoelectrochemical Application for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor

In this study, we investigated the influence of pH on the hydrothermal synthesis of copper (II) oxide CuO nanostructures with the aim of tuning their morphology. By varying the pH of the reaction medium, we successfully produced CuO nanostructures with three distinct morphologies including nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets according to the pH levels of 4, 7, and 12, respectively. The observed variations in surface morphology are attributed to fluctuations in growth rates across different crystal facets, which are influenced by the presence of intermediate species within the reaction. This report also compared the structural and optical properties of the synthesized CuO nanostructures and explored their potential for photoelectrochemical glucose sensing. Notably, CuO nanoparticles and nanorods displayed exceptional performance with calculated limits of detection of 0.69 nM and 0.61 nM, respectively. Both of these morphologies exhibited a linear response to glucose within their corresponding concentration ranges (3–20 nM and 20–150 nM). As a result, CuO nanorods appear to be a more favorable photoelectrochemical sensing method because of the large surface area as well as the lowest solution resistance in electroimpedance analysis compared to CuO nanoparticles and nanosheets forms. These findings strongly suggest the promising application of hydrothermal-synthesized CuO nanostructures for ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical glucose biosensors.

Wear performance of FeCuMoTiV high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding

FeCuMoTiV high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared on the surface of aluminum matrix composites using the laser cladding technique. The physical phase composition of the coating, the hardness of each physical phase, and the friction and wear behavior of the coating were studied in detail. The results show that: From the XRD and TEM analysis, the coating’s physical phases, BCC1(MoV) and BCC2(TiFe), are coherent. From the EBSD analysis, the grains of the coating have no obvious selective orientation, and the average equivalent circle diameter is 26.44 μm. Nanomechanical tests showed that the average hardness of the BCC1 phase in the coating was 7831.2 N mm−2, which provided the coating with excellent abrasion resistance. The average coefficient of friction of the coating showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with the increase of time, and it floated in the range of 0.3 ± 0.05. The coating forms a structure containing Fe2O3, MoO3, CuO, and TiO2 mixed oxide ‘glaze layer’ on the wear surface, which provides good lubrication. Combined with SEM analysis, the wear mechanism of the coating is a mixture of abrasive wear, oxidative wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue wear.

Ammonia and toluene oxidation: Mutual activating effect of copper and cerium on catalytic efficiency

Copper and cerium containing hydrotalcite-like precursors Cux-Cey-Mg-Al were synthesized by mutual co-precipitation followed by calcination at 800 °C. The obtained mixed metal oxides were studied as catalysts for selective ammonia oxidation (NH3-SCO) and toluene combustion. Various techniques, such as temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen, temperature-programmed desorption of toluene, scanning electron microscopy and reactive frontal chromatography were used to characterize the catalysts. Series 800-Cux-Ce2.5 showed the highest catalytic efficiency in both reactions, allowing complete NH3 and C7H8 conversion below 350 °C and 500 °C, respectively. CeO2 crystallites (12–18 nm), as well as dispersed CuO oxide forms were found in the most active samples. Both phases affect pollutants conversion, however, for ammonia oxidation the occurrence of Cu2+ is essential, while for toluene oxidation, the formation of Ce4+ is sufficient. Over the most active sample (800-Cu5-Ce2.5) the complete conversion in mutual oxidation of NH3 and toluene was achieved below 450 °C.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): Navigating from MOS to COS and X-COS systems - Unraveling strategies, tackling challenges, and pioneering advances

This article presents a significant advancement in the field of photocatalysis through the synthesis of a MSO(Metal oxide semiconductor), COS (coupled oxide semiconductor) and X-COS(doped coupled oxide semiconductor) nanocomposite systems with diverse morphologies, including nanoflowers, nanorods, nanosheets, nanotubes and spherical shapes. In this particular study, we propose a hybrid methodology that amalgamates the coupling of CuO and ZnO oxides and the doping of various elements resulting in a comprehensive study of the relationship between morphology and photocatalysis. The degradation efficiency for various pollutants, including Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO), Green Malachite (GM), and Rhodamine B (RhB), was systematically investigated, employing distinct degradation mechanisms. Our study reveals that X-COS materials exhibit superior surface area, heightened porosity, and elevated specific capacitance, higher light absorption while minimizing energy and surface losses (VELF and SELF), accompanied by a well-suited morphology. These distinctive structural features of X-COS contribute to its enhanced photocatalytic efficiency when compared to MOS and COS systems. Our research not only consolidates the fundamental principles governing the photocatalytic properties of materials but also unveils critical strategies for fabricating highly efficient catalysts. In conclusion, this work significantly contributes to the evolving landscape of photocatalysis, offering a nuanced understanding of the synergistic relationship between morphology and catalytic efficiency. The findings not only broaden the scope of fundamental principles but also pave the way for the development of highly effective catalytic materials with diverse morphologies for environmental remediation applications.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Oksida Logam CuO Sebagai Superkapasitor Berbasis Karbon Aktif

Supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices in future energy technology. In this research, the primary and applied aspects of supercapacitors are developed. Various techniques have been developed specifically to estimate specific capacitances. Various attempts have been made in the literature to increase the specific capacitance value of the electrode materials. Electrode materials with unique structural and electrochemical properties, such as high capacity and cyclic stability, exhibit good supercapacitor performance. Many new electrode materials have been developed to play an essential role in capacitance behavior. This research focuses on the highly efficient application of nanostructured electrode materials such as nanoporous carbon and metal oxide CuO for supercapacitors. Nanopore carbon is made from coconut shell, which is synthesized using a simple heating method. Next, carbon nanopore and CuO nanoparticle composites were carried out with composition variations of 0.5,10,15, and 20% of the total weight. The results of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge-discharge tests, maximum results were obtained on a composition of 5% CuO nanoparticles with a capacitance of 280 F/gr and a conductivity of 1.14 X 10-2 S/cm. This result is due to an increase in the surface area between the pore surfaces, so more ions are trapped, causing the filling process to take place quickly.

Unveiling mechanisms in Cu2O-catalyzed electroreduction of CO2 through theoretical resolution using periodic boundary and saturation cluster models

The imperative need to reduce atmospheric CO2 to mitigate global warming and advance sustainable energy systems has driven extensive research. Copper oxide (Cu2O) has emerged as a promising catalyst for electroreduction of CO2, yet its catalytic mechanism remains debated. This study employs a theoretical approach to delve into the intricate details of CO2 electroreduction catalyzed by Cu2O. Utilizing both periodic boundary and saturation cluster models, we explore various reaction pathways, successfully identifying key transition states and intermediates with each model. A comprehensive analysis and comparison of results from both models are conducted. To enhance understanding, we develop a method simulating the impact of an electric field, employed to probe the ongoing reaction. Additionally, we consider the solid–liquid interface by introducing solvent molecules and buffer ions into our analysis. This comprehensive theoretical investigation aims to elucidate the mechanism governing the electroreduction of CO2 catalyzed by Cu2O and analogous semiconductor oxides, providing valuable insights into this critical process.

Analysis and prevention of copper pipe corrosion

The failure of the locomotive heat exchanger due to pitting and corrosion of the T2 heat exchange copper tube is used as the engineering application background. The pitting corrosion and influencing factors of T2 copper tu were studied by weight loss method, SEM, and EDS. The optimal ratio of compound corrosion inhibitors (borax, sodium nitrite, sodium silicate, and benzotriazol) of T2 copper tube was obtained. The results show that the main reason for the pitting corrosion of T2 copper pipe is the local rupture of cuprous oxide protective film on the copper surface, resulting in the copper at the bottom of the pit as the anode and the Cu2O oxide film on the surface as the cathode to form a corrosion cell so that copper dissolves and pitting in the pit. The rupture of the Cu2O oxide film is related to excessive carbon-containing residue and the deposition of dirt (foreign matter) on the surface, mechanical attack, and defects of the material itself. The optimal ratio of compound corrosion inhibitor in 2 L pure aqueous solution is as follows: Borax content is 4.4 g, sodium silicate content is 4.23 g, sodium nitrite content is 4 g, and benzotriazole content is 0.2 g.

Effect of Co-Surfactants on Properties and Bactericidal Activity of Cu2O and Hybrid Cu2O/Ag Particles.

Nanomaterials based on metal oxides, especially Cu2O, have received much attention in recent years due to the many unique properties of the surface plasmon resonance they provide. The report presented the co-precipitation method, a simple preparation method to produce Cu2O oxide particles. In addition, to improve the unique antibacterial properties of Cu2O, a proposed method is to attach Ag nanoparticles to the surface of Cu2O particles. The Cu2O and Cu2O-Ag particles were synthesized based on redox reactions using ascorbic acid (LAA) as a reducing agent. Moreover, in this experiment, two surfactants, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were added during the manufacturing process to create particle samples and particle combinations with better properties than the original sample. Changes in the characteristics and properties of particle samples are determined by many different physical and chemical methods such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), noise X-ray radiation (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, the activity against bacteria, including E. coli and S. aureus, was also tested using the agar well diffusion method to determine the zone of inhibition. The results improved the particle size value, which decreased by half to 200 nm when two additional surfactants, PEG and SDS, were added. In addition, the antibacterial ability has also been shown to increase significantly when the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone increased significantly, reaching values of 20 mm (Cu2O/Ag/SDS) and 32 mm (Cu2O/Ag/PEG) for the E. coli bacterial strain. The initial test sample was only about 14 mm in size. The S. aureus bacterial strain also had a similar improvement trend after adding Ag to the Cu2O surface with the appearance of two surfactants, SDS and PEG. The inhibition zone diameter values reached the optimal value at 36 mm in the Cu2O/Ag/PEG particle combination sample compared to only the initial 26 mm in the Cu2O particle sample. Finally, the particle samples are added to the acrylic emulsion paint film to evaluate the changes. Positive results were obtained, such as improvement in adhesion (1.22 MPa), relative hardness (240/425), and sand drop resistance (100 L/mil) in the Cu2O/Ag/PEG particle combination sample, which showed the correctness and accuracy of the research.

Influence of metal oxides on circumcorannulene for the design of new push-pull corannulene models: applications in nano-electronics, optoelectronics and non-linear optics

ABSTRACT The search for new high-performance push-pull materials for use in nonlinear optics (NLO) and optics is currently a popular area of research. In this study, the effects of metal oxides -(MO) n = 1,2 (monomer: MO=TiO2, CuO, Al2O3, and ZnO; and dimer: MO = Ti2O4, Cu2O2, Al4O6, and Zn2O2) on the electronic, absorption, optoelectronic and NLO characteristics of circumcorannulene (CO) in the gas phase and in acetonitrile have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)/LANL2DZ levels of theory. Research has shown that adding metal oxides to CO leads to the formation of new push-pull CO derivatives. These derivatives include T1, U1, A1, Z1, T2, U2, A2, and Z2 formed from TiO2, CuO, Al2O3, ZnO, Ti2O4, Cu2O2, Al4O6, and Zn2O2 metal oxides, respectively. They exhibit excellent stability, low |HOMO-LUMO| gap energy, high NLO, and photocurrent responses compared to CO in gaseous media and polar solvents. However, it is interesting to note that the use of the copper oxide monomer configuration on corannulene family compounds is effective in improving their NLO response, while increasing the alumina chain proves necessary to improve their photocurrent response in the visible region.