Oxidative Stress In Rats Research Articles

The therapeutic potential of saharian monovarietal virgin olive oil (olea europea l.) on hematological, histological, and antioxidant status in titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress in rats

The therapeutic potential of saharian monovarietal virgin olive oil (olea europea l.) on hematological, histological, and antioxidant status in titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress in rats

Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles ameliorate testicular dysfunction due to levofloxacin-induced oxidative stress in rats.

The present work is aimed to assess the protective influence of zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles against oxidative stress-associated testicular dysfunction. The number of 50 male albino rats were randomly separated into five groups (n = 10): Group I, control: rats gavage distilled water orally; Group II, Levofloxacin: rats that administered Levofloxacin (LFX) softened in distilled water at a dosage of 40mg/kg-1 BW orally every other day; Group III, Zn-RSV: rats administered with Zn-RSV (zinc oxide resveratrol in distilled water at a dose 20mg/kg-1 BW orally every other day; Group IV, (LFX + Zn-RSV): rats that were administered with Levofloxacin along with Zn-RSV nPs; Group V, Levofloxacin + Zn: rats were administered with Levofloxacin and Zno at a dose of 20mg/kg-1 BW orally every other day as mentioned before. This study lasted for 2months. Sera were collected to assess luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone values. Testicular tissues were utilized to evaluate levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT). Semen samples were utilized to measure their quality (motility, concentration, and vitality). Histopathological and immune histochemical techniques investigated the morphological changes in the testis. Rats treated with Levofloxacin showed significantly lower levels of serum LH, testosterone, FSH, testicular enzymatic NO, catalase, SOD, BAX, and BCL-2 immune reactivity and sperm quality but significantly greater testicular malondialdehyde and caspase-3 immuno-reactivity Compared to both control and zinc oxide resveratrol treatment. Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles ameliorated the harmful side effects of Levofloxacin. Improvements were more pronounced in the co-treatment (LFX + Zn-RSV) Zinc oxide resveratrol group than in the co-treatment (LFX + Zno) Zinc oxide group. Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles could be a possible solution for levofloxacin oxidative stress-induced fertility problems.

The therapeutic potential of Melissa officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract and rosmarinic acid in a rat asthmatic model: A study on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

The article studies how Melissa officinalis L. extract and rosmarinic acid (RA) affect lung inflammation, pathology, and oxidative stress in rats with ovalbumin-induced asthma. Asthma was induced in rats using ovalbumin injection and inhalation. The study assessed lung inflammation, pathological changes, and oxidative stress in control, untreated asthmatic rats and three treatment groups. These groups received M. officinalis extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), RA (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (Dex) 1 mg/kg. In the sensitized group, white blood cell counts, malondialdehyde, and nitrite levels increased significantly, while thiol levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased (p<0.001). However, all treatment groups with the extract, RA, and Dex showed a significant reduction in total white blood cells, eosinophils, monocytes, malondialdehyde, and nitrite levels compared to the asthma group (p<0.001 in all groups). Thiol levels and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly higher in all treated groups with RA and high extract doses (p<0.001). Lung pathological changes were also significantly less severe in the treated groups with dexamethasone, plant extract, and RA compared to the asthma group (p<0.05 to p<0.001). This study showed that M. officinalis and RA have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in an animal asthma model, suggesting their potential for treating asthma symptoms.

Nephroprotective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Loranthus micranthus Linn Leaf Against Cadmium-Induced Kidney Toxicity in Male Rats

Cadmium is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment due to anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agricultural practices. Exposure to cadmium has been associated with various adverse health effects, particularly on the kidneys. The kidneys are major target organs for cadmium toxicity, as the metal tends to accumulate in renal tissues, leading to nephrotoxicity and impaired renal function.This study aims to evaluate the potential nephroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Loranthus micranthus Linn leaf against cadmium-induced kidney toxicity in a rat model. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 served as the normal control and received no treatment. Group 2 was exposed to cadmium toxicity, receiving 2 mg/kg body weight of cadmium intraperitoneally daily. Group 3 received 150 mg/kg body weight of the extract daily. Group 4 received 2 mg/kg body weight of cadmium intraperitoneally, followed by a daily administration of 150mg/kg body weight of the extract. This experiment was carried out for a period of 28 days. Biochemical alterations in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed as markers of kidney function and oxidative stress. Additionally, ultrastructural changes in the kidneys of the experimental animals were evaluated using electron microscopy. The study revealed significant biochemical alterations in markers of kidney function and oxidative stress in rats exposed to cadmium-induced kidney toxicity. Treatment with the extract attenuated these biochemical changes, indicating potential nephroprotective effects. Furthermore, ultrastructural changes observed in the kidneys of cadmium-exposed rats were ameliorated by treatment with the extract. The findings of this study suggest that the extract possesses potential nephroprotective effects against cadmium-induced kidney toxicity. Further research is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action and explore the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds in managing kidney-related disorders.

High Fischer Ratio Oligopeptides of Gluten Alleviate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Rats

High Fischer ratio oligopeptides (HFOs) exhibit diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. HFOs from gluten origin were prepared through fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis and then characterized using free amino acid analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Following intervention, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rats significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05). Simultaneously, there was an increasing trend in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly elevated (p &lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of alcohol metabolism-related genes (ADH4, ALDH2, and CYP2E1) exhibited a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05). Histological examination revealed a reduction in liver damage. The findings indicate that high Fischer ratio oligopeptides, prepared through enzymatic and fermentation methods, significantly improve lipid levels, ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders, and mitigate oxidative stress, and exhibit a discernible alleviating effect on alcoholic liver injury in rats.

Exploring the efficacy of the wild mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus extract on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fat diet

Edible wild mushrooms are considered to contain healthy bioactive ingredients that exert various pharmacological effects. We aimed to determine the antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant effects of the wild mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus (A. hygrometricus) extract in a rat model of dyslipidemia induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Experimental rats received an HFD with or without A. hygrometricus extract (500 mg/kg body weight) or simvastatin (10 mg/kg body weight, a positive control) for 63 days. Oral administration of the extract decreased the blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; counteracted insulin resistance; and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in HFD-fed rats. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in serum malondialdehyde and an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, two major antioxidant enzymes. Overall, A. hygrometricus extract supplementation alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in HFD-fed rats by decreasing insulin resistance and reducing oxidative stress.

Antioxidant Activity of Plantago asiatica against Azathioprine Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Antioxidant Activity of Plantago asiatica against Azathioprine Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Amelioration of Oxidative Stress in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease through Shenqi Huatan Decoction Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma‐Mediated Activated Protein Kinase/Forkhead Transcription Factor O3a Signaling Pathway

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease. Currently, no specific treatment strategy has been established; therefore, finding new treatment methods is essential. Clinically, Shenqi Huatan Decoction (SQHT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula for COPD treatment; however, its mechanism of action in treatment needs to be clarified. Methods. The COPD rat model was replicated by cigarette smoking and tracheal injection using the LPS method. The control group and the SQHT groups were treated with dexamethasone and SQHT by gavage, respectively. After treatment, superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), lipid peroxidation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK‐α), forkhead transcription factor O3a (FOXO3a), manganese SOD (MnSOD), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were detected using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot. Microribonucleic acid and protein expression levels were measured, and pathological changes in lung tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results. The pathological findings suggested that SQHT substantially affects COPD treatment by enhancing alveolar fusion and reducing emphysema. ELISA results showed that SQHT could lower the blood levels of MDA and lipid peroxide and raise SOD and TAOC levels, suggesting that it could lessen oxidative stress. In the lung tissue of rats with COPD, large doses of SQHT intervention dramatically increased AMPK protein expression, AMPK‐α, FOXO3a, MnSOD, and PPARγ, indicating that SQHT may reduce oxidative stress by activating the PPARγ‐mediated AMPK/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Similar results were obtained using RT‐qPCR. Conclusion. SQHT is effective for COPD treatment. The mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the PPARγ‐mediated AMPK/FOXO3a signaling pathway to improve oxidative stress in lung tissue.

Harungana Madagascariensis Stem Bark Confers Ameliorative Potential against Subchronic Dichlorvos Induced Oxidative Stress

Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphate insecticide known to cause oxidative stress, which can have a number of negative public health consequences. Harungana madagascariensis (HM), also known as dragon blood tree/amuje, is a plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found to reduce oxidative stress in a variety of scenarios. In this study, we looked at the ability of HM stem bark extract to reduce subchronic DDVP induced oxidative stress in rats. Forty (40) Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into polyphenylene cages Eight (8) per cage in five groups namely; control (group 1), group 2 (DDVP exposed), and treatment groups (groups 3, 4, 5 ‘DDVP exposed’ + 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg extract, respectively). Male rats were treated with DDVP (10 mg/kg b.w) except for the control. Both the stressor/toxicant and extract were administered orally throughout the study duration of 28 days. At the end of the study, rats were sedated with chloroform, and blood and organ samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as SOD, CAT, GPx, MDA, and NO, were meticulously evaluated in liver, kidney, and serum. Hormonal indicators, such as FSH, LH, and TES, were assessed in serum too. The result revealed that HM stem bark extract has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can protect against subchronic DDVP-induced oxidative stress. The extract also influences increased SOD, CAT, and GPx activity and decreased MDA and NO levels in DDVP exposed rats’ liver, kidney, and serum. Additionally, it decreased FSH, LH, and TES levels in DDVP-exposed rats suggesting a potential hormonal protective property. The results are indicative that HM stem bark extract has potential as a therapeutic agent for treatment of subchronic DDVP-induced oxidative stress and its related adverse health conditions. Advance studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of action of HM stem bark extract and to determine its efficacy in human populations.

Preventive effects of systemic Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt. administration on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress in rats with experimental periodontitis.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic administration of P. eurycarpa Yalt. plant extract on alveolar bone loss and oxidative stress biomarkers in gingival tissue in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. 32 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into four groups (n=8): Healthy control (HC), Experimental periodontitis control (EPC), Experimental periodontitis 400 mg/kg (EP400), Experimental periodontitis 800 mg/kg (EP800). Experimental periodontitis was induced using the ligating method. Distilled water was administered to the HC and EPC groups and the plant extract was administered to the EP400 and EP800 groups by oral gavage at doses of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. The values of glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismustase (SOD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) in the gingival tissues were analyzed by ELISA tests. Alveolar bone loss was assessed using micro-CT images of the maxilla. Although the IL-1β, TOS, OSI results of the healthy control group were lower than those of the other groups, the TAS values were higher (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the biochemical parameters among the EPC, EP400, and EP800 groups (p>0.05). Alveolar bone loss was significantly reduced in the extract groups compared to the EPC group (p<0.001). Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the systemic P. eurycarpa extract application reduced alveolar bone loss in a rat model of experimental periodontitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the beneficial effects of P. eurycarpa.

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Behavioral deficits, Hippocampal Neuronal Death and Oxidative Stress in Rats with Parkinson’s Disease

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Behavioral deficits, Hippocampal Neuronal Death and Oxidative Stress in Rats with Parkinson’s Disease

Mercury chloride causes cognitive impairment, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats: The potential protective effect of 6-gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale via regulation of antioxidant defence system and reversal of pro-inflammatory markers increase

This study investigated the effects of 6-gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale (6-GIRIFZO) on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty -five male Wistar rats weighing between (150–200 g) were divided randomly into five groups (n = 7): group 1: control, received 0.5 mL of normal saline, group 2: received HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 3: received N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (50 mg/kg) as well as HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 4: received 6-GIRIFZO (100 mg/kg) and HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 5: had 6-GIRIFZO (200 mg/kg) and HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), consecutively for 14 days. On the day14, the rats were subjected to behavioural tests using a Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. The rats were then euthanized to obtain brain samples for the determination of biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase (AchE), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) using standard methods. The result revealed a significant increase in escape latency and a significant decrease in recognition ratio in the rats that were exposed to HgCl2 only. However, 6-GIRIFZO produced a significant reduction in the escape latency and (p < 0.05) increase in the recognition ratio. Similarly, HgCl2 exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the brain SOD, GPx, CAT, GSH with increased brain levels of MDA, NO, AchE, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6. Similarly to the standard drug, NAC, 6-GIRIFZO (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased brain SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH levels with decreased concentrations of MDA, NO, AchE, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6. Also, pre-treatment with 6-GIRIFZO prevented the HgCl2-induced morphological aberrations in the rats. This study concludes that 6-GIRIFZO prevents HgCl2-induced cognitive deficit via reduction of brain inflammation as well as oxidative stress in rats.

Antioxidant and Protective Effect of Ocimum basilicum Seeds Extract on Renal Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is distributed worldwide and used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Most applications are for the herb basil, recently the basil seeds have also been used commercially; however, little is known about the nutritional and functional properties of the seeds. The present study aimed to investigate a possible protective effect of the methanol extract of O. basilicum seeds (MEOB), based on its phytochemical content, against kidney toxicity induced by CCl4 in adult rats. A single dose of CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress in rats, which was demonstrated by a significant rise of serum enzyme markers. MEOB was administrated for 15 consecutive days (200 mg/kg body weight) to Wistar rats before CCl4 treatment and the effects on serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid, as well as the kidney superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels were evaluated. In addition, histopathological examinations of kidneys were performed. In the positive control group, CCl4 induced an increase in serum biochemical parameters and triggered oxidative stress in the kidney. MEOB (200 mg/kg BW) resulted in significant reduction of CCl4-elevated levels of kidney markers, urea and creatinine, and a significant increase of uric acid compared with the CCl4-only group. In addition, MEOB pretreatment resulted in a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and PCO levels in renal tissue compared with CCl4-exposed group. MEOB definitely could prevent the development of pathological changes in the kidneys. Overall, we conclude that MEOB is effective in protecting renal function from CCl4 toxicity.

Protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against zinc oxide nanoparticles induced oxidative stress and infertility in adult male rats

Background: Nowadays, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are one of the most commonly used nanoparticles. They are utilized in different fields, such as agriculture, industry, and biomedicine, and their release into the environment has a negative impact on humans. Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant with a high nutritional value and a potential antioxidant property. Despite this, research on the impact of M. oleifera on the male reproductive system has been limited.Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on ZnO-NP induced oxidative stress and testicular toxicity.Materials and Methods: zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel approach and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Moringa oleifera leaves were extracted by the maceration method. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n = 6), Group (I) control received 1ml/day of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle for 4 weeks and 0.5 ml normal saline injected intraperitonially once a week for 2 weeks, group (II) and group (III) received an extract of M. oleifera leaves by oral gavage at a dosage of 400 and 600 mg/kg.bw/day respectively for 4 weeks, group (IV) received 150 mg/kg.bw ZnO-NP injected intraperitonially once a week for 2 weeks, group (V) and group (VI) received 150 mg/kg.bw ZnO-NP injected intraperitonially once a week for 2 weeks co-administrated with an extract of M. oleifera leaves at a dosage of 400 and 600 mg/kg.bw/day respectively for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for estimation the level of serum testosterone. The epididymis was used for semen collection and analysis. The testes were dissected out from each rat and homogenized for the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers.Results: The levels of serum testosterone, sperm count, normal sperm morphology, testicular weight, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.01) in the ZnO NP-treated group. While the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), and abnormal morphology were significantly increased (p&lt;0.0001) in the ZnO-NP treated group. M. oleifera leaf extract caused significant increase (p&lt;0.01) in the levels of testosterone, sperm count, normal morphology, and catalase, and significantly reduced (p&lt;0.01) Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and abnormal morphology in a dose-dependent manner in the groups (II) and (III) compared to the control group (I). ZnO-NP co-administrated with an extract of M. oleifera leaves of groups (V) and (VI) extract significantly increased (p&lt;0.01) the levels of testosterone, sperm count, normal morphology, testicular weight, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and, significantly reduced (p&lt;0.01) MDA and abnormal morphology in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the ZnO-NP treated group.Conclusion: ZnO-NP caused oxidative stress in the rats, while the oral administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract significantly mitigated the testicular toxicity induced by ZnO-NP in a dose-dependent manner.

Ninety Sixth-Hour Impact of Scalding Burns on End Organ Damage, Systemic Oxidative Stress, and Wound Healing in Rats Treated With Three Different Types of Dressings.

In this study, we investigated the effects of 3 different burn dressing treatments, including experimental, silver, and modern dressing materials, on systemic oxidative stress in rats with severe scald burns within the first 96 h. The rats were divided into five groups: a burn group (n = 10), a polylactic membrane group (n = 10), a silver sulfadiazine group (n = 10), a curcumin group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10), consisting of equal numbers of female and male rats. In the first 4 groups, 30% of the rats' total body surface area was scalded at 95°C. The burn group was not treated. Each group was treated with group-name dressing material. The control group was neither treated nor burned. The rats were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were obtained at the 96th hour when severe effects of oxidative stress developed postburns. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters were examined. In addition, apoptosis and organ damage in liver, kidney, lung, and skin tissues were evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. When the parameters were statistically analyzed, we found that the systemic levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage to liver, kidney, and lung tissues were lower in the 3 treated groups than in the burn group. We believe that the dressing material's efficacy in the treatment of severe burns may be dependent on its ability to combat oxidative stress and inflammation.

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PERILLYL ALCOHOL IN EXPERIMENTAL SPORADIC AD

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s is most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss due to accumulation of amyloid‐ β fibrils. There are different pathologies that count for AD like neuro inflammation. This study highlights the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in progression of AD where as Perillyl alcohol (POH) shows antioxidative &amp; anti‐inflammatory properties.MethodSprague Dawley ICV‐STZ (3mg/kg) rats (250‐300g, 7‐8 weeks) were treated with Perillyl alcohol treated with three different doses of (25, 50 and 100mg/kg p.o.) for 13 days from 15th to 27th day. Weight measured on 1st and 28th day. Behavioral analysis done using Open Field Test and Morris Water Maze.ResultPerillyl alcohol treatment significantly attenuates declined body weight in ICV‐STZ induced dementia in rats, showed significant increase in crossing number, and active time. Dementia induced rats were unable to discriminate familiar and novel objects, which is improved by POH. POH attenuates STZ induced acquisition deficits and retention time, increased MDA and nitrite levels. POH attenuated depleted levels of GSH, Catalase, SOD comparable to standard drug donepezil, POH decreased AChE levels in cortex and hippocampus.ConclusionStudy outcomes demonstrate neuroprotective potential of Perillyl alcohol against ICV‐STZ administration of streptozotocin induced behavioural and biochemical abnormalities. Biventricular STZ infusion produced significant impairment in learning, memory, cholinergic hypofunction and elevation in hippocampal oxidative stress in rats. Rats showed poor learning, memory and unable to discriminate between familiar &amp; novel objects in MWM and ORT. POH administration significantly attenuated STZ induced biochemical consequences. Observed beneficial effects of POH include restored cholinergic functions and antioxidant mechanism

Protective Effects of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside on Arsenic-induced Renal Damage and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Protective Effects of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside on Arsenic-induced Renal Damage and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Deciphering the Ameliorative Potential of 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone (Chrysin) on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Oxidative Stress in Rats

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into seven groups (n = 5 each) which consisted of normal control (group 1) receiving phosphate buffer saline (0.4 ml), positive control (Group 2) received 2mg\kg of doxorubicin (DOX) through an intraperitoneal route once weekly for 21 days, chrysin low dose and chrysin high dose (Group 3 and 4) received oral administration of chrysin 50&amp;100mg/kg for 21 days, chrysin low dose and DOX, chrysin medium dose and DOX and chrysin high dose and DOX(group 5, 6, and 7) received 2mg/kg of DOX once weekly with 50, 100 and 150mg/kg of chrysin for 21 days. Significant elevations in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and histological lesions, which corresponded with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic indicators, and cardiotoxicity when compared to controls, were indicative of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a sign of oxidative stress, SOD, CPK (creatinine phosphokinase), TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), and CAT (catalase) were also elevated in the DOX group. The DOX group also had increased levels of cardiac inflammatory markers, including as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the apoptotic marker caspase-3. 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) significantly mitigated, but did not entirely reverse, the cardiotoxicity caused by DOX by reducing the histopathological scores of cardiomyopathies and lowering cTnI in comparison to the DOX group. Additionally, chrysin reduced MDA to substantially similar levels as the control. Following chrysin administration, significant decreases in IL-1, IL-6, and caspase-3 were also seen in comparison to the DOX-only group. All things considered, these findings point to chrysin's protective action against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which may have been rendered possible by oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic suppression.

Effects of Full-Spectrum Cannabis Oil with a Cannabidiol:Tetrahydrocannabinol 2:1 Ratio on the Mechanisms Involved in Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a Sucrose-Rich Diet

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the effects of cannabis oil (cannabidiol:tetrahydrocannabinol [CBD:THC], 2:1 ratio) on the mechanisms involved in hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). We hypothesized that noninvasive oral cannabis oil administration improves hepatic steatosis through a lower activity of lipogenic enzymes and an increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) enzyme activity involved in the mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids. Furthermore, cannabis oil ameliorates liver oxidative stress through the regulation of the main regulatory factors involved, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NrF2) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) p65. For testing this hypothesize, a relevant experimental model of MS was induced by feeding rats with a SRD for 3 weeks. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed the following diets for 3 weeks: reference diet: standard commercial laboratory diet, SRD, and SRD + cannabis oil: noninvasive oral administration of 1 mg/kg body weight cannabis oil daily. The full-spectrum cannabis oil presents a total cannabinoid CBD:THC 2:1 ratio. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), N-arachidonoylethanolamine or anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoids levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) were evaluated. In the liver tissue: histology, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS), triglycerides and cholesterol content, lipogenic enzyme activities (fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malic enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), enzyme related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (CPT-1), reactive oxygen species, TBARS, FRAP, glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase enzyme activities. 4-hydroxynonenal, NrF2, and NF-κB p65 levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that SRD-fed rats developed dyslipidemia, liver damage, hepatic steatosis (increase of key enzymes related to the novo fatty acid synthesis and decrease of key enzyme related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation), lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Hepatic NrF2 expression was significantly decreased and NF-κB p65 expression was increased. Cannabis oil administration improved dyslipidemia, liver damage, hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation (improving enzymes involved in lipid metabolism), and oxidative stress. In the liver tissue, NrF2 expression increased, and NF-κB p65 expression was reduced. Conclusion: The present study revealed new aspects of liver damage and steatosis, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic insulin-resistant SRD-fed rats. We demonstrated new properties and molecular mechanisms of cannabis oil (CBD:THC, 2:1 ratio) on lipotoxicity and hepatic oxidative stress in an experimental model of MS.

Combination Therapy with N-Acetylserotonin and Aflibercept Activated the Akt/Nrf2 Pathway to Inhibit Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats with Retinal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Purpose N-acetylserotonin (NAS) can reduce retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury (RIRI) by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Aflibercept is an anti-VEGF drug used to treat a variety of eye diseases. This study was performed to investigate the effect of combination therapy with N-acetylserotonin and aflibercept on RIRI and its mechanism. Methods The RIRI model was established by elevating the intraocular pressure. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the retinal tissue. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 in the retina was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA in retinal tissue were measured by ELISA. The protein expression of cytoplasmic Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, Akt, and p-Akt was determined by western blotting. Results The results showed that combination therapy with NAS and aflibercept significantly alleviated retinal histopathological damage, decreased retinal thickness (from 335.49 ± 30.50 µm to 226.16 ± 17.20 µm, p < 0.001) and the rate of retinal apoptosis (from 28.27 ± 0.39% to 7.87 ± 0.19%, p < 0.001), and downregulated protein expression (from 2.42 ± 0.03 to 1.39 ± 0.03, p < 0.001) and positive expression (from 31.88 ± 0.52 to 25.36 ± 0.58, p < 0.001) of cleaved caspase-3. In addition, combination therapy with NAS and aflibercept also upregulated the levels of SOD (from 20.31 ± 0.18 to 29.66 ± 0.83, p < 0.001) and GSH-Px (from 13.62 ± 0.36 to 19.31 ± 0.82, p < 0.001) and downregulated the level of MDA (from 0.51 ± 0.01 to 0.41 ± 0.01, p < 0.001) to inhibit oxidative stress. Finally, combination therapy with NAS and aflibercept increased the protein expression of cytoplasmic Nrf2 (from 0.10 ± 0.002 to 0.85 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), nuclear Nrf2 (from 0.43 ± 0.01 to 0.88 ± 0.04, p < 0.001), and HO-1 (from 0.45 ± 0.03 to 0.91 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and the p-Akt/Akt ratio (from 0.45 ± 0.02 to 0.81 ± 0.07, p < 0.001). Conclusions Overall, combination therapy with NAS and aflibercept attenuated RIRI, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress and activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway.