Oxidative Profile Research Articles

Abstract P161: A Single-Short Partial Reprogramming of the Endothelial Cells Decreases Blood Pressure Via Attenuation of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Hypertensive Mice

Small artery remodeling and endothelial dysfunction are hallmarks of hypertension. Growing evidence supports a likely causal association between cardiovascular diseases and the presence of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). EC reprogramming represents an innovative strategy in regenerative medicine to prevent deleterious effects induced by cardiovascular diseases. Using reprogramming of ECs, via overexpression of Oct-3/4, Sox-2, and Klf-4 (OSK) transcription factors, we aimed to bring ECs back to a youthful phenotype in hypertensive mice. Mouse ECs were infected with lentiviral vectors (LV) containing the specific EC marker cadherin 5 (Cdh5) and the fluorescent reporter enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) with empty vector (LVCO) or with OSK (LV-OSK). Confocal microscopy and western blotting analysis were used to confirm the OSK overexpression. Human aortic ECs (HAoECs) from male and female normotensive and hypertensive patients were analyzed after OSK or control treatments for their endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels, nitric oxide (NO), and genetic profile. Male and female normotensive (BPN/3J) and hypertensive (BPH/2J) mice were treated with an intravenous (i.v.) injection of LVCO or LV-OSK and evaluated 10 days post-infection. The blood pressure, vascular reactivity of small arteries, in vivo EGFP signal and EndMT inhibition were analyzed. Data were analyzed using One-way or Two-way ANOVA, with Tukey post-hoc ( p <0.05). OSK overexpression induced partial EC reprogramming in vitro . OSK treatment of male but not female hypertensive BPH/2J mice normalized blood pressure (BPH/2J LVCO: 105±2mmHg, n=6 versus BPH/2J LV-OSK: 90±2mmHg, n=5) and resistance arteries hypercontractility (BPH/2J LV-CO: 10.50±0.82mN versus BPH/2J LV-OSK: 7.12±0.6mN, n=5), via the attenuation of EndMT (BPH/2J LVCO: 0.041±0.01AU, n=3 versus BPH/2J LV-OSK: 0.007±0.004 AU, n=3) and elastin breaks. EGFP signal was detected in vivo in the prefrontal cortex of BPN/3J and BPH/2J-treated mice, but OSK induced angiogenesis in male BPN/3J mice. OSK-treated human ECs from hypertensive patients showed high eNOS activation and NO production, with low ROS. Single-cell RNA analysis showed that OSK alleviated EC senescence and EndMT, restoring their phenotypes in human ECs from hypertensive patients. Overall, these data indicate that OSK treatment and EC reprogramming can decrease blood pressure and reverse hypertension-induced vascular damage.

Propagermanium as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes.

Propagermanium (PG) has immune modulating activity and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to study the therapeutic efficacy of PG on endothelial and perivascular dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes. Non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were divided into four groups: (1) the control group; (2) the group treated with 50 mg/kg PG; (3) the group fed a high-fat diet (GKHFD); and (4) the group of GKHFD treated with 50 mg/kg PG. PG was given orally for 3 months. Several in vivo parameters and endothelial function were studied in aortas with perivascular adipose tissue PVAT (+) or without PVAT (-). We also determined the vascular inflammation and levels of CD36 in PVAT. In diabetic GK rats, PG did not affect the lipid profile or the results of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Instead, it improved the fasting glucose levels (18%, p < 0.01), insulin resistance (32%, p < 0.05), endothelial function (33 and 25% in aortas mounted with (+) or without PVAT (-), p < 0.05), and restored the anticontractile effect of the perivascular adipose tissue by reducing its inflammation (56%, p < 0.05) and oxidative stress profile (55%, p < 0.05). Due to its anti-inflammatory characteristics, PG likely improved endothelial dysfunction and restored the perivascular adipose tissue's anticontractile properties.

Effects of drought and increased temperature on phytochemical traits of the edible halophyte Crithmum maritimum: Perspectives for future climatic scenarios

Climate change, characterised by drought events and rising temperatures, exerts a significant threat to crop productivity and global food security. Halophytes, known for their resilience in harsh conditions, offer promising options for sustainable cultivation alternatives. Our study focused on Crithmum maritimum, commonly known as sea fennel, an edible halophyte with potential in the food and nutraceutical industries, to explore the impacts of drought and increased temperatures on its nutritional and antioxidant profiles. Different C. maritimum populations displayed high nutritional qualities, suitable for consumption despite appearing slight differences among localities. While both drought and increased temperatures affected plant growth and phytochemical profiles, their impact on nutritional value was minor. Surprisingly, drought induced an unexpected decline in phenolic content, challenging the assumption of increased antioxidants in response to water scarcity. Different rates of decrease in leaf production were observed among C. maritimum populations under drought, yet overall, they maintained similar levels, suggesting potential suitability for cultivation in environments with limited water availability. Diverse population-specific responses under climatic treatments revealed different alterations in amino acid and oxidative stress profiles, suggesting diverse adaptive strategies. These findings provide critical insights into C. maritimum adaptability to climate-driven changes, offering valuable information for future agricultural practices

Effects of Incorporating Caramel, Carrot, and Tomato Powder on the Quality Characteristics of Soy Protein-Based Meat Patties.

Plant protein-based foods have become dietary preferences worldwide, and the quality of this food group is highly associated with the ingredients used. This study investigated the effects of incorporating caramel, tomato powder, and carrot powder on the product quality of soy protein-based meat patties (SPMPs). The color, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, lipid oxidation, and texture profile of uncooked and cooked soy protein meat patties were analyzed. Among the cooked SPMPs, caramel SPMPs exhibited the lowest color difference (ΔE) values, and the ΔE value of tomato SPMPs was lower than that of carrot SPMPs, indicating that caramel has the best color stability, and the tomato experienced less color change than the carrot during cooking. Notably, carrot SPMPs exhibited lower color stability during refrigeration storage than the others. Both carrot and tomato powders increased the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant stability and inhibited lipid oxidation in SPMPs during cooking. However, tomato SPMPs exhibited higher TPC values and greater antioxidant stability compared to carrot SPMPs. The addition of caramel and carrot powders decreased the hardness of raw SPMPs, but tomato powder increased the hardness. The texture profile of tomato SPMPs was more affected by the cooking process compared to caramel and carrot SPMPs. This study showed that incorporating both carrot and tomato powders positively influenced the quality characteristics of SPMPs compared to caramel powder, however, tomato powder exhibited superior efficacy.

Enhancing mortadella formulations: Exploring the impact of curcumin microcrystals, cochineal carmine, and annatto dyes on sensory preferences, stability, and antioxidant potential

The effects of adding cochineal carmine and annatto dyes in five mortadella formulations made with curcumin microcrystals were compared, and the preference was evaluated and described sensorially. Based on the optimized formulation obtained with color parameters, two formulations were elaborated: curcumin microcrystals and cochineal carmine were added. During 60 days, pH, objective color, water retention capacity, lipid oxidation, and texture profile analyses were performed. The results demonstrate the possibility of excluding sodium erythorbate from formulations containing curcumin microcrystals. There was no significant difference in lipid oxidation between the samples, presenting at the end of 60 days a value of 0.11 mg and 0.10 mg of MDA kg−1 for the two samples, respectively. There were also no significant differences between the two samples or the evaluated storage times, and the average values obtained for pH, WRC, objective color, and TPA were expected for this type of cooked meat sausage. In the presence of curcumin microcrystals, the synthetic antioxidant, sodium erythorbate, can be eliminated from the formulations, as it does not affect the physical-chemical parameters studied, such as pH, water retention capacity, color objective, and texture profile.

Long-Term Impact of Nutritional Intervention with Increased Polyphenol Intake and Physical Activity Promotion on Oxidative and Inflammatory Profiles in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Obesity and overweight pose significant risks to health, contributing to the prevalence of chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The current study aimed to assess the impact of a 6-year nutritional and lifestyle intervention on oxidative and inflammatory markers in individuals aged 55 to 75, specifically those at high risk of CVD. A study was carried out in a group of 80 participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS) residing in Mallorca, Spain, who underwent nutritional intervention based on a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and promotion of physical activity. Before and after the intervention, several parameters including anthropometric data, haematological factors, blood pressure, and physical activity level were measured. Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma were analysed. After the 6-year intervention, participants who managed to reduce their body mass index (BMI) had greater reductions in abdominal obesity, waist to heigh ratio (WHtR), diastolic blood pressure, and glucose levels, and increased high density protein cholesterol (HDL-c) compared to those who did not reduce BMI. This higher reduction in BMI was related to reduced energy intake and increased adherence to MedDiet, with greater polyphenol intake, and total physical activity (PA). Furthermore, improvements in oxidative stress and proinflammatory status were observed in participants who reduced their BMI. Significant reductions in the activity of the prooxidant enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), levels of the lipid oxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the proinflammatory chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1,) were found in those who reduced their BMI. In contrast, participants who did not improve their BMI exhibited higher levels of proinflammatory markers such as MCP-1 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), as well as increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). Current findings suggest that an effective way to reduce BMI is a hypocaloric MedDiet combined with tailored physical activity to improve oxidative stress and proinflammatory status, and potentially reducing the risk of CVD.

Indole-3-carbinol loaded-nanocapsules modulated inflammatory and oxidative damages and increase skin wound healing in rats

This study evaluated the effects of topically applied hydrogels (HG) containing nanoencapsulated indol-3-carbinol (I3C) and its free form in a rat model of skin wounds. Formulations were topically applied twice a day for five days to the wounds. On days 1, 3, and 6, the wound area was measured to verify the % of regression. On the sixth day, the animals were euthanized for the analysis of the inflammatory and oxidative profile in wounds. The nanocapsules (NC) exhibited physicochemical characteristics compatible with this kind of suspension. After five hours of exposure to ultraviolet C, more than 78% of I3C content in the suspensions was still observed. The NC-I3C did not modify the physicochemical characteristics of HG when compared to the HG base. In the in vivo study, an increase in the size of the wound was observed on the 3rd experimental day, which was lower in the treated groups (mainly in HG-NC-I3C) compared to the control. On the 6th day, HG-I3C, HG-NC-B, and HG-NC-I3C showed lower regression of the wound compared to the control. Additionally, HG-NC-I3C exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect (as observed by decreased levels of interleukin-1B and myeloperoxidase), reduced oxidative damage (by decreased reactive species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation levels), and increased antioxidant defense (by improved catalase activity and vitamin C levels) compared to the control. The current study showed more satisfactory results in the HG-NC-I3C group than in the free form of I3C in decreasing acute inflammation and oxidative damage in wounds.

Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Profile Is Related to a Satisfactory Response to Itraconazole and Clinical Cure in Feline Sporotrichosis.

Despite the central role of cats in the transmission and amplification of Sporothrix, studies regarding immune response in feline sporotrichosis are scarce. In cats with sporotrichosis, neutrophil-rich lesions are usually associated to good general condition and lower fungal burden. However, the role of neutrophils in anti-Sporothrix immunity has been little explored in cats. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neutrophil oxidative burst in the blood of cats with sporotrichosis. Cats with sporotrichosis included in the study were treated with itraconazole (ITZ) alone or combined with potassium iodide (KI). The neutrophil oxidative burst was evaluated through a flow-cytometry-based assay using dihydrorhodamine 123 (background) and stimulation with Zymosan and heat-killed Sporothrix yeasts. The cure rate was 50.0% in cats under treatment with ITZ monotherapy and 90.9% in cats treated with ITZ + KI (p = 0.014), endorsing the combination therapy as an excellent alternative for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. Higher percentages of Sporothrix-stimulated neutrophils were associated with good general condition (p = 0.003). Higher percentages of Sporothrix- (p = 0.05) and Zymosan-activated (p = 0.014) neutrophils before and early in the treatment were related to clinical cure in ITZ-treated cats. The correlation between oxidative burst and successful use of KI could not be properly assessed given the low number of failures (n = 2) in this treatment group. Nasal mucosa involvement, typically linked to treatment failure, was related to lower percentages of activated neutrophils in the background at the treatment outcome (p = 0.02). Our results suggest a beneficial role of neutrophils in feline sporotrichosis and a positive correlation between neutrophil activation and the cure process in ITZ-treated cats.

Pre-clinical studies comparing the anti-inflammatory potential of artemisinic compounds by targeting NFκB/TNF-α/NLRP3 and Nrf2/TRX pathways in Balb/C mice.

Artemisinin, artemether, artesunate, and dihydroartemisinin are renowned for their antimalarial potential. The current study aims to repurpose the above-mentioned artemisinic compounds (ACs) by conducting an intercomparison to evaluate their antiinflammatory potential (AIP). In order to develop potential candidates for the evaluation of AIP of ACs (50 and 100 mg/kg BW), carbon tetrachloride (1ml/kg body weight (BW)) was administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c mice. Alterations in animal behavior were assessed weekly through tail suspension test, force swim test, open field test, Y-maze test, inverted screen analysis, and weight lifting test. Aberrations in hematological, serological, endogenous antioxidants, and oxidative stress marker profiles were assessed in all twelve groups. Histological alterations were read using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of inflammatory markers including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), were determined using immunohistochemical analysis (IHCA). Antioxidant markers i.e., nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf-2) and thioredoxin (TRX) were also quantified through IHCA. Comet assay was performed to quantify DNA damage. Oral administration of ACs to mice significantly alleviated the carbon tetrachloride induced inflammation in comparison with silymarin. Reduced levels of several inflammatory markers including nitric oxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, interleukin-1 beta, NF-κB, TNF-α, and NLRP3, underscore the substantial AIP of ACs. IHCA depicted the revitalized percent relative expression of Nrf-2 and TRX in groups treated with ACs. Behavioral analysis revealed that ACs-treated groups significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the memory deficit, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior. Moreover, histopathological, hematological, serological, and endogenous antioxidant profiles indicated substantial AIP of ACs. Findings of comet assay further bolstered the compelling evidence as DNA damage was significantly (p<0.05) curbed down after ACs (100 mg/kg) treatment. All these outcomes implied that ACs exhibited AIP in a dose-dependent manner with maximal AIP imparted by artemisinin (100 mg/kg). This pre-clinical investigation avers the tremendous AIP of ACs targeting key molecular pathways. The current study divulges artemisinin as the most potent antiinflammatory agent among the tested compounds.

Ozone Therapy in the Integrated Treatment of Female Dogs with Mammary Cancer: Oxidative Profile and Quality of Life.

Considering the high frequency of malignant breast tumors, there is a growing search for new therapeutic strategies that control neoplastic growth and dissemination, combined with fewer adverse reactions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of ozone therapy in female dogs with mammary cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Twenty-five canines diagnosed with malignant mammary neoplasia were divided into two groups: one treated with carboplatin alone (n = 11) and the other with carboplatin associated with ozone therapy (n = 14). Clinical and laboratory evaluations, mastectomy, analysis of the oxidative profile based on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), survival rate, and quality of life were performed. Animals in the ozone therapy group had higher concentrations of red blood cells and platelets, significantly improving the survival rate and quality of life. Furthermore, adverse reactions were less intense and frequent in this group, which was associated with an increase in TAC and a reduction in MDA. These results indicate that the combination of carboplatin and ozone therapy represents a promising complementary treatment for female dogs with mammary cancer, as it was associated with fewer adverse reactions and a better oxidative profile.

Antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extract of Erigeron floribundus leaves in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes model in Wistar rats

BackgroudErigeron floribundus is a herbaceous plant used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of the aqueous extract of E. floribundus leaves (AEEF) in diabetic rats. MethodsDiabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) in normal rats fasted for 16 h. Subsequently, 30 diabetic male rats were divided into groups and treated orally for 21 days with distilled water (10 mL/kg), glibenclamide (3 mg/kg) and AEEF (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg). Body weight, food and water intake, blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid and oxidative profiles, as well as some markers of liver and kidney function were assessed. Histological sections of the rats' pancreas were taken. ResultsAEEF and glibenclamide significantly increased (p < 0.001) body weight and decreased food and water intake in rats. A decrease in blood glucose (p < 0.001) and an increase in insulin levels (p < 0.001) were observed in the AEEF and glibenclamide groups. AEEF caused a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycérides and coronary risk index (CRI), accompanied by a significant (p < 0.001) increase in HDL levels and HOMA-β in rats. AEEF showed an improvement (p < 0.001) in CAT and SOD activity and GSH levels accompanied by a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in malondialdehyde levels. In addition, ALAT and ASAT activity, urea and creatinine levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) after treatment with AEEF and glibenclamide. The extract also improved the size of Langerhans Islets in the pancreas of diabetic rats. ConclusionAEEF contains several bioactive compounds conferring antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemic and antioxidant properties, thus justifying its therapeutic use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Air Pollution, Ozone, and Sulfur Dioxide Can Affect the Blood Serum Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress of Male Wistar Rats

The majority of the body’s organs are impacted by ambient air pollution (AAP), which is currently a serious environmental global health issue. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of ozone (O3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and AAP on oxidative stress (OS) and lipid profile indicators in male Wistar rats. To this end, these rats were exposed for three hours each day for five weeks in control, AAP, O3 (0.6 ppm), and SO2 (10 ppm) groups (each containing 8 animals). Several parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured on blood samples. AAP exposure on TAC (P=0.014) and SOD (P=0.05), MDA (P=0.018), and HDL (P=0.003), O3 exposure on TAC (P&lt;0.001), and SO2 exposure on blood serum TAC (P=0.006) all had statistically significant effects. Based on the results, exposure to SO2 and AAP did not significantly alter the lipid profile (P&gt;0.05). According to our research, exposure to O3 , SO2 , and AAP can increase overall antioxidant capacity by stimulating blood serum oxidative defense enzymes. Except for the enhanced effect of O3 exposure on serum HDL, AAP, SO2 , and O3 exposures had no discernible effects on the lipid profile.

Anti-inflammatory lindenane sesquiterpenoid dimers from the roots of Chloranthus holostegius var. trichoneurus.

Two new lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers, chlotrichenes C and D (1 and 2) together with five known lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers (3-7) were isolated from the roots of Chloranthus holostegius var. trichoneurus, a famous natural medicine named as "Sikuaiwa" for subduing swellings and relieving pain. The structures including absolute configuration were elucidated by their 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD data. Compounds 1 and 2 were classical [4 + 2] lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers that differed from known analogs in oxidation profile, side chain profile, and double bond position. The new isolates and compound 3 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on IL-1β production (IC50: 1-15μM) in LPS-induced THP-1 cells and other compounds exhibited inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (IC50: 24-33μM).

Mild hyperhomocysteinemia alters oxidative stress profile via Nrf2, inflammation and cholinesterases in cardiovascular system of aged male rats

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, whose mechanisms are poorly understood. We aimed to explore mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) effects on oxidative status, inflammatory, and cholinesterase parameters in aged male Wistar rats (365 days old). Rats received subcutaneous Hcy (0.03 μmol/g body weight) twice daily for 30 days, followed by euthanasia, blood collection and heart dissection 12 h after the last injection. Results revealed increased dichlorofluorescein (DCF) levels in the heart and serum, alongside decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and diminished acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the heart. Serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) levels also decreased. Furthermore, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein content decreased in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions, while cytosolic nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p65 increased in the heart. Additionally, interleukins IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 showed elevated expression levels in the heart. These findings could suggest a connection between aging and HHcy in CVD. Reduced Nrf2 protein content and impaired antioxidant defenses, combined with inflammatory factors and altered cholinesterases activity, may contribute to understanding the impact of Hcy on cardiovascular dynamics. This study sheds light on the complex interplay between HHcy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cholinesterases in CVD, providing valuable insights for future research.

Pathological and Biological Significance of the Specific Glycan, TRA-1-60, on Aggressive Gastric Adenocarcinoma

The glycans form a unique complex on the surface of cancer cells and play a pivotal role in tumor progression, impacting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. TRA-1-60 is a glycan that was identified as a critical marker for the establishment of fully reprogrammed inducible pluripotent stem cells. Its expression has been detected in multiple cancer tissues, including embryonal carcinoma, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer, but the biological and pathological characterization of TRA-1-60-expressing tumor cells remains unclear within various types of malignancies. Here, we report the biological characteristics of TRA-1-60-expressing gastric cancer cells, especially those with its cell surface expression, and the therapeutic significance of targeting TRA-1-60. The cells with cell membrane expression of TRA-1-60 were mainly observed in the invasive area of patient gastric cancer tissues and correlated with advanced stages of the disease based on histopathological and clinicopathological analyses. In vitro analysis using a scirrhous gastric adenocarcinoma line, HSC-58, which highly expresses TRA-1-60 on its plasma membrane, revealed increased stress-resistant mechanisms, supported by the upregulation of glutathione synthetase and NCF-1 (p47phox) via lipid–ROS regulatory pathways, as detected by RNA-seq analysis followed by oxidative stress gene profiling. Our in vivo therapeutic study using the TRA-1-60-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, namely, Bstrongomab-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E, showed robust efficacy in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by intraperitoneal xenograft of HSC-58, by markedly reducing massive tumor ascites. Thus, targeting the specific cell surface glycan, TRA-1-60, shows a significant therapeutic impact in advanced-stage gastric cancers.

NOVEL ITACONATE DERIVATIVE ATTENUATES ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: A MOLECULAR PATHWAY INSIGHT

Objective: 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) is a potential drug for the treatment of myocardial infarction on account of its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Thus, we hypothesise that 4-OI may attenuate isoproterenol(ISO) induced cardiotoxicity by modulating several molecular pathways in Wistar albino rats. Design and method: After getting approval from animal ethics committee(278/IAEC/2021), the experimental work was started. ISO 5mg/kg s.c., was administered daily for 15 days. Adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6): normal control group, ISO control group, treatment control groups. 4-OI was administered i.p. at 3 different doses (2.5,5,10 mg/kg) to rats from day 1 and continued for 15 days along with ISO. On the 16th day, surgery was performed, right carotid artery was cannulated for recording of hemodynamic parameters. Blood was drawn using cardiac puncture and rats were then sacrificed, one portion of the heart was immediately stored in 10% formalin for histopathological evaluation and second portion was kept in -80 degree C for further studies. Serum was stored for biochemical, pro-inflammatory cytokines estimation (TNF, IL-6, IL1 beta) and cardiac injury markers (CKMB, LDH). Results: 4-OI improved cardiac function and attenuated pathological changes as seen microscopically in the H&amp;E stained heart tissue sections. On ultrastructural evaluation, 4-OI treatment (5, 10mg/kg) groups presented with lesser nuclear condensation and mitochondrial swelling, as compared to the ISO control group. A significant decline in the serum and tissue levels of cardiac injury markers (CK-MB, LDH) and inflammatory markers were observed in 4-OI (5,10mg/kg) treated rats, as compared to ISO control group. Additionally, 4-OI suppressed oxidative stress and apoptosis, along with an increased PPAR-gamma expression. Molecular pathway assessment revealed that at the dose of 10mg/kg, 4-OI reduced the expression of NFkappaB, IKK-beta and enhanced the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1. On analysis of the inflammatory MAPK pathway, expression of the pro-survival kinase ERK was also increased while JNK and p38 protein expressions were reduced. Conclusions: 4-OI at a dose of 10mg/kg mitigates myocardial toxicity in ISO treated rats by maintaining morphological structure of heart tissue with oxidative stress profile and reduced inflammation

A solution for fillet quality: Slaughter age's effect on protein mechanism and oxidation

Physico-chemical properties of fish flesh are reliable predictors of fillet quality and nutritional value. In our study, the age-related variations of the chemical composition, pH, water activity (aw), water holding capacity (WHC), color and texture analysis, protein thermal stability, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), glycogen content, protein oxidation and protein profiles were investigated in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) fillet. The results revealed that protein denaturation temperatures (Tmax1 and Tmax2) decreased by 2 % and 11.6 % depending on fish age. Tmax1 and Tmax2 values in the same groups were raised 71 % at 11 months' fish and this increase was 58 % at 23 months’ fish. An age-related reduction by 66.6 % and 31.25 % was noticed for protein oxidation markers sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds. MFI value increased by 86.6 % connected with age.The characteristics of fish meat quality are complex and are influenced by various factors that affect the degree of freshness of the product and its acceptance in the market. Taking into account the different demands of the consumer, this study has shown that age at slaughter has an impact on final product quality and that the recommended age at slaughter, taking into account market weight, positively affects meat quality.

Correlation Between Blood Lactate and Salivary Biomarkers During Exercise in Women with Hypothyroidism Treated With L-Thyroxine

Background: Hypothyroidism reduces circulating levels of thyroid hormones metabolic enzymatic activities, and the skeletal muscle's work capacity and lactatemia increase during exertion. Objectives: To analyze salivary biomarkers and blood lactate obtained in exercise stages through exhaustion and investigate their correlation. Methods: Eight females attended the University Clinical Hospital who showed a condition of subclinical hypothyroidism. Before they began replacing with L-thyroxine, they were submitted to an ergometric test to check their tolerance to effort. Eight weeks after treatment, all volunteers were again submitted to lab and ergometric tests. Saliva and blood were collected to determine total protein, nitric oxide, IgA, lactate, and lipid profile. Results: The present study identified a correlation (0.8), so the behavior of the blood lactate could explain the behavior of the salivary of total proteins by 74.22% (R2 = 0.7422). Lactate production was minimized when women underwent L-thyroxine treatment in the first six stages of exercise. Still, total salivary proteins increased for pharmacotherapy between stages 1 and 8. While salivary nitric oxide had a percentage variation between pre- and post-exercise times of 96% before the start of treatment when the same exercise was performed after eight weeks of treatment with L-Thyroxine, this variation was 150%. Conclusion: The measurement of STP is an essential marker of stress, and it is highly correlated with the most used blood marker, lactate. Regarding treatment with L-Thyroxine in women with subclinical hypothyroidism, after eight weeks of this therapy, it was possible to observe a reduction in blood lactate production after the incremental load test on a cycle ergometer, accompanied by a reduction in the concentration of SA. SNO and SIgA tended to increase in women undergoing treatment, and this treatment should be considered in subsequent studies as causing a different effect on these markers.

Effect of Mat Pilates Training on Blood Pressure, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Profiles in Hypertensive Elderly.

To determine the effects of mat Pilates training on blood pressure, inflammatory, and antioxidative markers in hypertensive elderly people, 34 hypertensive subjects aged 60-75 years were randomly divided into a control group (CON; n = 17) and a mat Pilates training group (MP; n = 17). The CON participants conducted normal daily activities and participated in neither organized exercises nor sports training, while those in the MP group received mat Pilates training for 60 min three times/week for 12 weeks. Parameters including blood pressure, cardiovascular function, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were collected at baseline and the end of 12 weeks. The MP group had significantly decreased blood pressure, improved cardiovascular variables, decreased MDA and TNF-α, and increased NO and SOD compared with the CON group and the pre-training period (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the positive effects of 12 weeks of mat Pilates training in terms of reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow related to improvements in anti-inflammatory and antioxidative markers in hypertensive elderly people. Mat Pilates training might be integrated as an alternative therapeutic exercise modality in clinical practice for hypertensive elderly individuals.

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and steatosis elucidate the complex dynamics of HgCl2 induced liver damage in Channa punctata

Water bodies are highly pollution-prone areas in which mercury (Hg) is considered as a major menace to aquatic organisms. However, the information about the toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in a vital organ such as the liver of fish is still inadequate. This study aimed to assess the impact of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) exposure on the liver of Channa punctata fish over 15, 30, and 45 days, at two different concentrations (0.039 mg/L and 0.078 mg/L). Mercury is known to be a significant threat to aquatic life, and yet, information regarding its effects on fish liver remains limited. The results of this study demonstrate that exposure to HgCl2 significantly increases oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls (PC), as well as the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) in the fish. Additionally, the transcriptional and protein analysis of specific genes and molecules associated with necroptosis and inflammation, such as ABCG2, TNF α, Caspase 3, RIPK 3, IL-1β, Caspase-1, IL-18, and RIPK1, confirm the occurrence of necroptosis and inflammation in the liver. Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of the liver tissue further reveal a significant presence of liver steatosis. Interestingly, the upregulation of PPARα suggests that the fish's body is actively responding to counteract the effects of liver steatosis. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress, biochemical changes, gene expression, protein profiles, and histological findings in the liver tissue of fish exposed to mercury pollution in freshwater environments.