Silver Oxide Research Articles

Silver and Titanium Oxides Coated on g-C3N4 Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Mixture of Brilliant Green-Congo Red Dyes and Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Under Visible Light Irradiation

Silver and titanium oxides coated graphitic carbon nitride (Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4) nanocomposite was created by a single-step thermal polymerization. The Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were within the numerous techniques used to characterize this nanocomposite. Both the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and the Tauc plot indicated that the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite had a lower electron-hole pair recombination rate and lower band gap energy. The coating of Ag2O and TiO2 on g-C3N4 was verified by TEM. The Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was used in the photocatalytic degradation of a Brilliant green (BG)-Congo red (CR) dye combination and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic under visible light irradiation. According to the research, under visible light irradiation, the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalytic activity simultaneously degraded a mixture of BG-CR dyes, with BG (93%) and CR (85%) degrading percentages in 70 min and CIP (82%) degrading in 120 min. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for the degradation of BG and CR dyes under visible light irradiation, whereas holes and hydroxyl radicals were investigated as important oxidative species in the photocatalytic degradation of CIP utilizing the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite.Graphical

Improving the bioactivity of cellulose acetate hemodialysis membranes through nanosilver modification.

The effectiveness and safety of hemodialysis can be hindered by protein accumulation, mechanical instability of membranes and bacterial infection during the dialytic therapy. Herein, we show that cellulose acetate membranes modified with the low-fouling polymers (namely polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol), followed by the in situ reduction of different densities of silver oxide(I) nanoparticles, can effectively address these limitations. These improvements comprise the enhanced resistance to the protein fouling, improved antimicrobial capabilities against S. aureus, increased selectivity, and thermal stability and mechanical strength. The nano-enhanced membranes showed an improved albumin rejection rate of approximately 90%, and the creatinine clearance rate ranged between 90 and 94%. Our findings demonstrate that nanosilver-modified membranes can be readily prepared from precursor solutions to act as robust, biocompatible, and hydrophilic hemodialysis membranes with controlled bacteriostatic potential, antifouling properties and high toxin clearance.

Green synthesis of silver and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoflowers using Leucophyllum frutescens leaf extract for photodegradation of methylene blue dye and antibacterial applications

This is the first report on biogenic synthesis of silver and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoflowers using Leucophyllum frutescens leaf extract for environmental and biomedical applications.

Biosynthesis, characterization of Ag2O nanoparticles for enhancement of antioxidant and photo degradation activities

Silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles were synthesized via Biosynthesis methods using Croton macrotachyus leaf extract silver sulphate (Ag2SO4) was used as precursors and the extract was used in the reactions as reducing, stabilizing and capping agents which is a very easy and inexpensive synthesis method. Metal oxide nanoparticles characterized using UV–visible, TGA, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron(XPS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray(EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope(HRTEM), and Selected Area Electron (SAED) which is used for determination of crystalline size, morphology,particle size and oxidation state with composition of elements in the sample. Metal oxide nanoparticles have a significant photo catalytic performance under visible light source confirmed that study supported Ag2O spherical structure, which exhibits enhanced photo catalytic activity and anti-oxidant activities as well as the size of the Ag2O nanoparticles was between 16 nm and 21 nm from the XRD(Scherrer equation),SEM & TEM) imaje software and Photo catalytic activity of Ag2O NPs were assessed against methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under natural sunlight illumination for 60 min. This sustainably photo degraded in direct solar irradiance with remarkable degradation percentage which is greater than 96.35 % and Scavenging activities Ag2O nanoparticles enhanced DDPH scavenging activities was 88 %

Crystallographic, antimicrobial, and photocatalytic activity of the Moringa oleifera leaf extract-based nano-AgO

In this research, silver oxide nanoparticle (Ag2O NPs) was synthesized through the green synthesis method utilizing the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera, and its antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative...

Biogenic Synthesis and Comparative Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activities of Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles of Dialium guineense Leaf Extract against Human Pathogens

Aim: The study aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of green synthesis of silver and zinc nanoparticles. Study Design: Experimental. Methodology: A biogenic and facile method of synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles (DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs) using silver nitrate and zinc nitrate as precursors and an aqueous extract of Dialium guineense leaf (DGL) as a reducing agent respectively was demonstrated in this work. The synthesized DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs were checked for their antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Comparative assessment of the antimicrobial activities of DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs against human pathogens were also conducted. Characterization of the metallic nanoparticles were carried out by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), as well as the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area measurement. Results: Both metallic nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of microbes. However, One-way ANOVA of the IC50 of microbial growth inhibition profile shows significant mean difference between DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs; DGL—SNPs showed improved outcome to the DGL—ZNPs with a P value of at. The surface Plasmon resonance absorption peak of 275 and 261 nm for DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs respectively; FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as phenol, saponin, and alkaloid that play the major roles in stabilizing the DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs. XRD result shows a crystallite size of 27.9 nm and 22.6 nm from the width of the principal peak reflection of (0 1 3) and (1 2 2) respectively for DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs; EDX shows the formation of Silver atoms and ZnO in the DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs; from the BET, the average particle size 59.76 nm for silver and 70.17 nm for zinc. The SEM showed the irregular structure of DGL—SNPs and DGL—ZNPs. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles and zinc nanoparticles as a promising agent against human pathogens.

Electrochemical Synthesis of 3-(Sulfonyl)quinol-4-ones from o-Alkynyl-N-(formyl)anilides and Sulfinates.

Electrolysis of o-alkynyl-N-(formyl)anilides and sodium sulfinates on graphite electrodes delivers biologically sound 3-(sulfonyl)quinol-4-ones with moderate to good yields. The reaction is carried out in an undivided cell in the presence of silver(I) oxide with potassium iodide or sodium tetrafluoroborate as the supporting electrolyte. The reaction tolerates variously substituted anilides as well as aryl and alkyl sulfinates. The transformation proceeds as a domino sequence of oxysulfonylation and cyclocondensation steps.

Harnessing electroosmotic hybrid nanofluid dynamics in curved arteries: insights into biomedical flow enhancement

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of unsteady electroosmotic pulsatile flow involving a hybrid nanofluid within a curved artery, influenced by both stenosis and an embedded catheter. The hybrid nanofluid, a mixture of silver (Ag) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles dispersed in blood, was modeled via the Carreau non-Newtonian framework to more accurately represent the intricate nature of blood flow. The electroosmotic forces introduced simulated the effect of an external electric field, while the catheter served as an additional structural constraint within the artery. To account for both the curvature of the vessel and the overlapping stenosis, we derived the governing equations for this model. Using numerical methods, particularly the finite-difference approach, we solved the nonlinear partial differential equations that govern the flow, temperature, and concentration distributions. Our findings suggest that the hybrid nanofluid demonstrates enhanced thermal and flow properties compared to standard fluids. The results showed significant influences from electroosmotic forces, curvature, and pulsatility on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Furthermore, an increase in the electroosmotic and Weissenberg parameters substantially accelerated fluid velocity by reducing viscous drag while improving mass transport. These results offer valuable insights into the behavior of blood flow in catheterized arteries and may inform future advancements in cardiovascular treatment technologies.

CO2 capture by new ternary nanocomposite LDH/bayerite/Ag2O in tetrametallic NiZnAgAl layered double hydroxides fabricated via in situ growth

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarbon dioxide exerts the most substantial environmental influence of all greenhouse gases. Therefore, creating novel materials that exhibit minimal energy requirements, robust CO2 capture efficiency, outstanding adsorption and selectivity, economic viability and rapid scalability for applications in industry is important. This study aimed to fabricate the new ternary nanocomposite LDH/bayerite/Ag2O in tetrametallic NiZnAgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) using the hydrothermal method and to investigate its use for efficient CO2 capture.RESULTSThe results showed that tetrametallic NiZnAgAl LDH, bayerite and Ag2O had grown and formed in situ ternary composites in the solid. Various characterization techniques confirmed the presence of tetrametallic NiZnAgAl LDH, bayerite and Ag2O in the composites. The composites exhibit surface areas ranging from 153.34 to 255.02 m2 g−1, pore volumes ranging from 0.19 to 0.26 cm3 g−1 and pore diameters ranging from 4.06 to 4.93 nm. Each composite has a laminar arrangement of stacked flakes, and the surface of the composite is covered with silver oxide. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibit the nano‐hexagonal construction of the composites. The selected area electron diffraction profile exhibited congruence with the X‐ray diffraction data of LDH, bayerite and Ag2O. The composites have an average particle size that ranges from 22.79 to 41.84 nm. The ternary composite exhibits CO2 capture activity with adsorption capacities ranging from 5.88 to 8.29 mmol g−1. We observed that variations in the molar ratios of Ni, Zn and Ag affected the properties of the composites.CONCLUSIONOverall, the new ternary nanocomposites LDH/bayerite/Ag2O in tetrametallic NiZnAgAl LDH exhibit promising potential for CO2 capture applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Advancements in Nanotechnology for Enhanced Food Safety and Hygiene: Pathogen Detection, Smart Packaging, and Preservation Applications

Nanotechnology is redefining food safety and hygiene, providing innovative tools to address global challenges. This review delves into the advancements in pathogen detection, smart packaging, and food preservation enabled by nanotechnology. Nanoparticle-based sensors have revolutionized the rapid identification of contaminants like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, offering higher sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional methods. Smart packaging systems equipped with nanomaterials provide real-time contamination alerts and extend shelf life by enhancing barrier and antimicrobial properties. Nanoparticles, such as silver and zinc oxide, are increasingly used in packaging to inhibit microbial growth effectively. Additionally, nanoencapsulation techniques protect bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials, ensuring their stability and controlled release, which enhances food quality and safety. The emergence of biodegradable nanocomposites and edible films offers eco-friendly packaging alternatives, addressing environmental concerns while maintaining food integrity. Despite these advancements, the high reactivity and small size of nanoparticles raise safety and regulatory challenges, necessitating comprehensive risk assessments and robust frameworks to ensure consumer and environmental protection. This review also explores the potential of utilizing biowaste for green synthesis of nanoparticles, which could further reduce environmental impact. By integrating cutting-edge detection methods, improving packaging solutions, and addressing safety and sustainability challenges, nanotechnology has the potential to transform food safety and hygiene practices. Future research should focus on advancing nanosensor sensitivity, developing sustainable materials, and fostering consumer trust through transparency and education, ensuring a safer and more sustainable food supply chain.

Green-synthesised silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles from stingless bee honey: Morphological characterisation, antimicrobial action, and cytotoxic assessment.

This study investigated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using an aqueous extract of stingless bee honey (SBH) as a reducing and stabilising agent. The rich compositions of SBH containing flavonoids, phenolics, organic acids, sugars, and enzymes makes the SBH extract an ideal biocompatible precursor for the NPs synthesis. Physicochemical characterisation of the synthesised NPs was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FESEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results revealed that the Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs exhibited polydispersity, with size ranges between 25-50nm and 15-30nm, respectively. A majority of the NPs possessed a spherical morphology. Furthermore, the study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the SBH-based NPs against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 43300) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, ATCC 25922) bacteria. The findings demonstrated significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy of the Ag-NPs with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 16.91mm against S. aureus, and 17.43mm against E. coli compared to the ZnO-NPs which having a ZOI of 13.05mm and 14.01mm, respectively. Notably, cytotoxicity assays revealed no adverse effects of the synthesised NPs on normal mouse fibroblast (3T3) and human lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells up to 100μg/ml of concentration. These findings suggest the potential of SBH-based Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs as safe and effective antibacterial agents for various applications, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, ointments, and lotions.

Phase tailoring of silver oxide thin films for improved antimicrobial activity

This paper reports on routes to control the silver oxide phase and morphology in thin films to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy. The Ag:O atomic ratio was tailored during the pulsed laser deposition process by adjusting the O2 environment, and thus, a wide range of silver oxide phases ranging from Ag to AgxO was achieved. Simultaneously, the morphology was controlled from island-like (Volmer–Weber) formations to nanoparticle arrays, ultimately culminating in cauliflower-like dendrite structures. Through this synergistic approach, enhancing the oxygen content while expanding the active surface area yielded optimal enhancement of the antimicrobial properties. Remarkably, films deposited at elevated O2 pressures exhibited heightened inhibitory effects against bacterial biofilms, with films featuring nanoparticle morphology demonstrating notable antistaphylococcal efficacy.

Metal oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and applications in energy, biomedical, and environment sector

AbstractMetal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), pivotal in cutting‐edge research, are examined comprehensively in this article. Encompassing definition, types, and applications, the focus intensifies on synthesis methods. Detailed discussions include chemical synthesis approaches for silver oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, and tin oxide NPs. Additionally, the article emphasizes the burgeoning significance of green synthesis methods in tailoring these NPs. The applications section underscores their pivotal role in wastewater treatment, water splitting, and biomedical fields. This targeted resource offers in‐depth insights into MONP synthesis, bridging the gap between traditional and environmentally conscious methodologies, for researchers and practitioners in emerging technologies. In this article, future perspectives are also discussed.

Silver Oxide Promoted Synthesis of Alpha O-GalNAc Containing Glyco-Amino Acids: Synthesis of Core 2 Containing Glyco-Amino Acids for Solid Phase Synthesis of Glycopeptides.

O-GalNAc glycans on glycoproteins with eight different core structures sharing a common α-glycosidic linkage (O-GalNAc-α-Ser/Thr) are critical in various physiological and pathological processes. Among the eight O-GalNAc glycan cores, core 2 characterized by a GlcNAcβ1-6(Galβ1-3)GalNAc structural motif plays a significant role in regulating diverse biological processes, such as immune response modulation, adhesive properties of selectins, and gastrointestinal tract protection. However, the large-quantity synthesis of core 2 containing glyco-amino acids for downstream solid-phase peptide synthesis is challenging. In this work, we successfully employed a silver oxide for coupling a 2-azido-galactosyl chloride donor with two acceptors, Fmoc-Ser/Thr-OtBu, respectively, for the large-scale synthesis of the two important intermediates, α-GalN3-Fmoc-Ser/Thr-OtBu, which can be further utilized for the large-scale synthesis of core 2 containing glyco-amino acids. The two intermediates, α-GalN3-Fmoc-Ser/Thr-OtBu, were utilized for synthesizing core 2 containing Fmoc-Ser/Thr-COOH. The synthesis of core 2 containing Fmoc-Ser-COOH was achieved on a 1.95 g scale, while the synthesis of core 2 containing Fmoc-Thr-COOH was achieved on a 0.38 g scale. Additionally, the synthesis of the 2-azido-galactosyl chloride donor was optimized into a three-step process with only one column chromatography purification. Finally, core 2 containing Fmoc-Ser/Thr-COOH were applied for the synthesis of glycosylated CCR1 and CCR5 N-terminal peptides.

Synergistic Cytotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin Loaded Silver, Gold and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells

Synergistic Cytotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin Loaded Silver, Gold and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells

Recent Advances in the Adsorption of Different Pollutants from Wastewater Using Carbon-Based and Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles

In recent years, nanomaterials have gained special attention for removing contaminants from wastewater. Nanoparticles (NPs), such as carbon-based materials and metal oxides, exhibit exceptional adsorption capacity and antimicrobial properties for wastewater treatment. Their unique properties, including reactivity, high surface area, and tunable surface functionalities, make them highly effective adsorbents. They can remove contaminants such as organics, inorganics, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and dyes by adsorption mechanisms. In this review, the effectiveness of different types of carbon-based NPs, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene-based nanoparticles (GNPs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon nanospheres (CNSs), and metal oxides, including copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxide (Fe2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), and silver oxide (Ag2O), in the removal of different contaminants from wastewater has been comprehensively evaluated. In addition, their synthesis methods, such as physical, chemical, and biological, have been described. Based on the findings, CNPs can remove 75 to 90% of pollutants within two hours, while MONPs can remove 60% to 99% of dye in 150 min, except iron oxide NPs. For future studies, the integration of NPs into existing treatment systems and the development of novel nanomaterials are recommended. Hence, the potential of NPs is promising, but challenges related to their environmental impact and their toxicity must be considered.

Printable and Tunable Bioresin with Strategically Decorated Molecular Structures.

As personalized medicine rapidly evolves, there is a critical demand for advanced biocompatible materials surpassing current additive manufacturing capabilities. This study presents a novel printable bioresin engineered with tunable mechanical, thermal, and biocompatibility properties through strategic molecular modifications. The study introduces a new bioresin comprising methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and a photoinitiator, which is further enhanced by incorporating high molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to improve biostability and mechanical performance. The integration of printable PMMA presents several synthesis and processing challenges, necessitating substantial modifications to the 3D printing process. Additionally, the bioresin is functionalized with antibacterial silver oxide and bone-growth-promoting hydroxyapatite at various weight ratios to extend its application further. The results demonstrate the agile printability of the novel bioresin and its potential for transformative impact in biomedical applications, offering a versatile material platform for additive manufacturing-enabled personalized medicine. This work highlights the adaptability of the novel printable bioresin for real-life applications and its capacity for multiscale structural tailoring, potentially achieving properties comparable to native tissues and extending beyond conventional additive manufacturing techniques.

Poly(Amino Acid) LbL Multilayers With Embedded Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Antibacterial Coatings

Poly(Amino Acid) LbL Multilayers With Embedded Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Antibacterial Coatings

Cytotoxic Effects of ZnO and Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized in Microalgae Extracts on PC12 Cells.

The green synthesis of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), as well as Ag/Ag2O/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs), using polar and apolar extracts of Chlorella vulgaris, offers a sustainable method for producing nanomaterials with tunable properties. The impact of the synthesis environment and the nanomaterials' characteristics on cytotoxicity was evaluated by examining reactive species production and their effects on mitochondrial bioenergetic functions. Cytotoxicity assays on PC12 cells, a cell line originated from a rat pheochromocytoma, an adrenal medulla tumor, demonstrated that Ag/Ag2O NPs synthesized with apolar (Ag/Ag2O NPs A) and polar (Ag/Ag2O NPs P) extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic effects, primarily driven by Ag+ ion release and the disruption of mitochondrial function. However, it is more likely the organic content, rather than size, influenced anticancer activity, as commercial Ag NPs, despite smaller crystallite sizes, exhibit less effective activity. ZnO NPs P showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, correlated with higher cytotoxicity, while ZnO NPs A produced lower ROS levels, resulting in diminished cytotoxic effects. A comparative analysis revealed significant differences in LD50 values and toxicity profiles. Differentiated PC12 cells showed higher resistance to ZnO, while AgNPs and Ag/Ag2O-based materials had similar effects on both cell types. This study emphasizes the crucial role of the synthesis environment and bioactive compounds from C. vulgaris in modulating nanoparticle surface chemistry, ROS generation, and cytotoxicity. The results provide valuable insights for designing safer and more effective nanomaterials for biomedical applications, especially for targeting tumor-like cells, by exploring the relationships between nanoparticle size, polarity, capping agents, and nanocomposite structures.

Nanotechnology Interventions in Fruit Production: Enhancing Production and Quality

Nanotechnology has gained significant importance in enhancing fruit production and quality, offering novel solutions to challenges faced by traditional horticultural practices. The various applications of nanotechnology in fruit cultivation, focusing on Nano fertilizers, nanopesticides, nano-based fungicides, and post-harvest management technologies. Nanofertilizers have shown promise in improving nutrient uptake efficiency, stimulating vegetative and reproductive growth, enhancing yield, and reducing environmental impacts compared to conventional fertilizers. Similarly, nanopesticides and nanofungicides provide targeted pest and disease management, reducing the overuse of chemical inputs and minimizing their harmful effects on soil health. Post-harvest nanotechnologies, such as silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, have been effective in extending the shelf life of fruits by preventing microbial decay and maintaining fruit firmness. Innovations in smart packaging, such as nanocomposite films and nano coatings, help slow down ripening and spoilage, significantly reducing post-harvest losses. Precision fruit cultivation techniques utilizing nanosensors and nano-based biosensors offer enhanced monitoring of soil conditions, nutrient levels, and early pathogen detection, improving overall fruit quality and sustainability. Despite these advancements, the widespread adoption of nanotechnology in fruit production is still limited by concerns related to public acceptance, potential environmental impacts, and regulatory challenges. Continued research is needed to address these issues and to explore the full potential of nanotechnology in fruit production.