Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form Research Articles

Psychometric properties of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) in a Greek student sample

BackgroundThe purpose of the current study was to adapt and explore the psychometric properties of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) in a Greek student sample.AimThis quantitative cross-sectional study was applied in order to translate and validate the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) into Greek and to assess the psychometric properties.MethodThe English version of OHQ-SF was translated into Greek using the forward and backward translation. The sample was consisted of 88 adult students from the Public Educational Training Institution in Thessaloniki. Two self-report measures the Greek version of OHQ-SF and the Greek version of the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R—to check the construct validity) were completed twice, for test and retest assessment, in full anonymity and confidentiality.Statistical analysisThe psychometric properties of OHQ-SF/GR, namely the internal–external reliability and construct validity, were assessed, and the expected unidimensional structure was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).Results and discussionThe Greek version of OHQ-SF (OHQ-SF/GR), for both test and retest, has adequate internal reliability, satisfactory structural validity, and adequate construct validity. The CFA indicated the unidimensional structure of the OHQ-SF/GR, and the fit indexes displayed good fit with the data. One item was removed due to poor correlation with the latent factor of happiness. The current study reveals that the final seven-item OHQ-SF/GR has very satisfactory psychometric properties being useful instrument to measure happiness levels in Greek adult students and is a valid tool that can be utilised in research field.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish reduced morningness and eveningness questionnaire

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 5-item Turkish Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) for the first time. The study involved 875 university students in an adaptation and validation study. Participants completed the rMEQ, MEQ, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form (BIS-SF), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The factor structure, convergent validity, internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of the rMEQ were examined. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the rMEQ had a one-dimensional structure with good fit indices (χ2/df = 2.94, CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.019). There was a significantly strong correlation between rMEQ and MEQ. In addition, we found a significantly weak correlation between rMEQ and DASS-21, ISI, BIS-SF, and OHQ-SF. The internal consistency coefficients of rMEQ were Cronbach’s α = 0.706 and McDonald’s ω = 0.740. The sensitivity and specificity of rMEQ were 83.3%–92.7% for morning types and 86.3%–87.3% for evening types. The Turkish rMEQ has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess an individual’s chronotype.

The Effect of Motivation to Participate in Sports on Happiness Level in University Students

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of individuals' motivation to participate in sports on their happiness level. This study is a descriptive survey study on the impact of Bayburt University students' attitudes about sports on their levels of happiness. This study is a descriptive survey study on the impact of Bayburt University sports sciences faculty students' participation motivation to sports on their levels of happiness. The population of this study, which examined the effect of motivation to participate in sports on happiness level, consisted of students studying at Bayburt University. The sample consisted of a total of 357 people, 129 of whom were female and 228 of whom were male, studying in different departments of the sports sciences faculty of the same university. "Personal Information Form", " Participation Motivation Questionnaire " and "Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form" were used as data collection tools. SPSS 25 package program was used for statistical analysis. Normality test, spearman correlation and simple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. When the effect of the participants' motivation to participate in sports on their happiness levels is investigated, it is seen that motivation to participate in sports has a significant effect on the happiness levels of university students. In conclusion, considering the findings obtained from the research, it is seen that there was a relationship between motivation to participate in sports and happiness in the study, and that motivation to participate in sports had an effect on the happiness levels of individuals.

Comparison of self-esteem and happiness levels of music education students with other departments

This study aims to determine preservice music teachers' self-esteem and happiness levels and compare them with other departments. The study group comprised 242 students from Gazi University Gazi Faculty of Education. The Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form were used as data collection tools. The method of the study conducted with a quantitative approach was a survey. According to the research data, music education students' happiness and self-competence levels are good, while self-liking levels are moderate. Self-esteem scores do not differ according to grade and gender variables. The contentment levels of music education students showed a substantial difference, favoring females. Looking at the faculty of education in general, all departments are at a moderate level in the self-liking aspect, and all are at a good level in the self-competence aspect. In happiness scores, it was determined that Music and Turkish-Social Sciences students had good scores, while Mathematics-Science group students had average scores at medium level. It was determined that music education pupils had higher averages in all aspects. As the outcome of the comparison analysis, it was determined that the happiness levels of Music Education students were significantly higher than Mathematics-Science Education students.

Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Happiness of Nursing Students: A Mixed Methods Study.

The aim of this study was to examine the childhood trauma experiences and current happiness levels of nursing students. The quantitative part of the study was carried out with 349 student nurses and the qualitative part with 25 student nurses. An explanatory-sequential mixed methods design was used. Data were collected using Demographic Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form and semi-structured Interview Form between November 2020 and September 2021. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics with the SAS 9.4 package program. Transcribed qualitative data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six stage thematic analysis approach, and this was performed with the MAXQDA 2020 package program. In the quantitative section, it was determined that as the participants' childhood traumatic experiences increased, their happiness levels decreased. In the qualitative section six themes were formed (Childhood Trauma, Effects of Childhood Trauma, Coping with Childhood Trauma, Growing Up After Trauma, Perceptions of Future Parenting, Empowerment Through Nursing Education). It was determined that participants had various childhood traumatic experiences and mostly been exposed to emotional neglect. Some of the participants' childhood traumas continued to affect them in adulthood, and nursing education contributed to coping with trauma and raising awareness about it.

MSR122 Examining the Relationships and the Effects of Gender and Grade on Seven Widely Used Well-Being Scales

Scales measuring well-being used to be categorized into subjective and psychological well-being scales. Few studies previously verified the relationships between the two types of scales. This study attempted to explore the relationships among seven widely used well-being scales, including the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Scale (PANAS), Flourishing Scale (FS), the short version of Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form (OHQ-SF), and the WHOQOL-BREF.

Cognitive flexibility and psychological hardiness: examining the mediating role of positive humor styles and happiness in teachers.

In this study, the mediating role of positive humor styles and happiness in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological hardiness was investigated. The participants in the study, which was conducted based on a correlational design, one of the quantitative research methods, consisted of 613 volunteer teachers (322 women, 291 men) employed in various schools and institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Turkey. The study data were obtained through the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, the Psychological Hardiness Scale, the Humor Styles Questionnaire, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short-Form. Correlation analysis, structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were used for the analysis of the data. The results obtained from the mediation test showed that cognitive flexibility positively predicted psychological hardiness, and that positive humor styles and happiness were partial mediating variables in this relationship. The findings obtained in the research were discussed in the light of the related literature and recommendations were presented.

The effect of psychological distresses caused by COVID19 in healthcare professionals on happiness.

COVID-19 has been negatively affecting the world for a long time. This situation can trigger mental problems such as uncertainty, anxiety, stress and depression throughout the society. The aim of our study was to search the effect of the psychological distresses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (HCWs) on happiness. This study was conducted as a descriptive and cross-sectional study in a medical school hospital in Isparta-Turkey and the data for it were collected between January and March 2022. Sociodemographic form, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Covid-19 Related Psychological Distress Scale (CORPD) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) were used for the data collection. A total of 326 people, including 62(19%) physicians, 127(39%) nurses, 39(12%) officers and 98(30%) others, participated in the study. Between OHQ-SF and CAS, it was found to be r2=0.008, f=2.76 and p=0.098. Between OHQ-SF and CORPD, it was found to be r2=0.11, f=3.55 and p=0.06. In the HCWs, it was found that CORPD was related with the variables of gender and get vaccinated, CAS was related with the variables of economic status, profession and get COVID-19, and OHQ-SF was related with economic and marital status. It was found that anxiety and psychological distress did not affect the level of happiness. It is recommended to follow up the negative effects of the pandemic, such as anxiety, fear on the future lives, professional functions, and family life of the HCW.

Happiness and social appearance anxiety in overweight young girls.

This research was conducted to determine the relationship between social appearance anxiety and happiness in overweight young girls. This is a correlational descriptive study and the study sample included 343 overweight young female students from a university in eastern Turkey. A Personal Information Form, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form (OHQ-SF), and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation), independent-samples t-test, analysis of variance, and correlation and regression analyses were used in data analysis. The mean age of the participants was 21.55 ± 3.03 years. About a third of the participants (30.6%) was composed by year 3 university students, 60.6% had an income level equal to their expenditure level, and 50.7% was residing in the city center. The OHQ-SF mean total score of the participants was 17.03 ± 5.86, and the SAAS mean total score was 43.36 ± 17.07. There was a moderate negative correlation between the mean scores of the OHQ-SF and the SAAS (r: -.547, p<0.001). Social appearance anxiety explained 30% of happiness in young girls participating in the study (β: -.547, p<0.001). Happiness in young girls was effective on social appearance anxiety. Health professionals may also evaluate the level of happiness in the care and counseling services they provide to young girls during extraordinary circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

The relationship between cognitive flexibility and happiness among nurses.

To determine the relationship between nurses' cognitive flexibility and happiness and the factors affecting them. A Nurse Information Form prepared by the researchers, a Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form were administered to 722 nurses working at the Istanbul Medical Faculty Hospital. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Nurses' cognitive flexibilities had a positive and significant relationship with happiness (p < 0.05). The power of explaining happiness was R2 = 28.6% for cognitive flexibility. Regarded as a significant factor for people's happiness, the impact of cognitive flexibility on nurses' happiness was examined in this study. It is recommended to develop educational programs that improve the cognitive flexibility of nurses.

Reasons for Living for Young Adults-II (RFL-YA-II): Psychometric Properties Among Iranian Students

Objective: The prevalence and increase of suicidal ideation and attempts among young people and students have been one of the concerns of researchers and mental health care professionals. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Reasons for Living for Young Adults-II (RFL-YA-II) in a group of Iranian students. Methods: This study was conducted on a sample of 250 students of Kurdistan University, Iran in the academic year 2021-2022. The instruments used in this study were RFL-YA-II, suicide behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R), oxford happiness questionnaire-short form (OHQ-SF), beck hopelessness scale (BHS), and ryff scale of psychological wellbeing (RSPWB). Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a four-factor structure of the Persian version of RFL-YA-II, while the goodness of fit indices of the one-factor model were not satisfactory. The factor loads of items related to all four factors ranged from 0.41 to 0.91. The findings also provided evidence for the convergent (0.17 to 0.57) and discriminant (-0.20 to -0.56) validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 0.91. Conclusion: The Persian version of RFL-YA-II is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the reasons for living in Iranian university samples and it can be used in research and treatment settings.

Hope as a Mediator of the Link between Subjective Vitality and Subjective Happiness in University Students in Turkey

In the present study, the relationship between subjective vitality and subjective happiness was examined through the mediating role of hope among 168 Turkish university students. To collect data, the Subjective Vitality Scales, the Dispositional Hope Scale, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form, and a demographic information form were used. Bootstrapped mediation analysis was conducted to test the mediating role of hope in the link between subjective vitality and subjective happiness. Results indicated that hope was a significant mediator in the vitality-happiness link such that subjective vitality was positively related to hope, which in turn was positively related to subjective happiness. Some implications were discussed in the context of the theory and practice of subjective vitality and hope.

The relationship between perceived freedom, leisure involvement, and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities

Background: ‪‪This study is aimed to determine the relationship between the perceived freedom, involvement and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities. Material and Methods: ‪The sample of the study consisted of 523 members. The Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale, the Leisure Involvement Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form were used as data collection tools. In analysing the data, independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used. Results: ‪‪Independent t-Test results determined a significant difference between OHQ-SF scores according to the participants’ gender. MANOVA analysis result showed that the main effect of the gender variable on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, and there was a difference in all sub-dimensions. The main effect of marital status on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, while there was a positive and low-level relationship between age and OHQ-SF. Conclusions: ‪The levels of OHQ-SF, PFLS-25 and LIS differ depending on the individuals’ socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, there was a positive and low level of relationship between OHQ-SF and PFLS-25 and LIS, and a positive and low level of correlation between PFLS-25.

Happiness among tourism students: a study on the effect of demographic variables on happiness

ABSTRACT This study investigated tourism students’ levels of happiness and their associations with demographics. A questionnaire was administered to 302 tourism students in Turkey. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form (OHQ-SF) and personal information form. The students’ happiness was moderate. The reliability of the OHQ-SF was found to be sufficient. Through factor analysis, one dimension was obtained from the happiness scale. Gender, status of those participating in sports, and its weekly frequency were significantly related to happiness. However, class, department, working status, social media usage, number of siblings, spending status, whether their parents were alive, and were together or separated were not significantly related to happiness.

Mediated roles of generalized trust and perceived social support in the effects of problematic social media use on mental health: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundCurrent literature lacks evidence concerning how problematic social media use associates with mental health. To address the gap, the present study used mediation models to examine whether generalized trust and perceived social support (PSS) are potential mediators in the relationship between problematic social media use and mental health.MethodsThe sample comprised Iranian adults (n = 1073; 614 females). The participants completed a number of scales to assess problematic social media use (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale), generalized trust (Generalized Trust Scale), PSS (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, happiness (Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form), depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and mental quality of life (Short Form‐12).ResultsProblematic social media use had negative effects on happiness and mental quality of life via the mediators of generalized trust (bootstrapping SE = 0.017; effect = −0.041; 95% CI = −0.079, −0.012) and PSS (bootstrapping SE = 0.023; effect = −0.163; 95% CI = −0.211, −0.119). Problematic social media use had positive effects on anxiety and depression via the mediators of generalized trust (bootstrapping SE = 0.022; effect = 0.064; 95% CI = 0.026, 0.113) and PSS (bootstrapping SE = 0.024; effect = 0.052; 95% CI = 0.009, 0.102).ConclusionsProblematic social media use, generalized trust and PSS are important factors for an individual's mental health. Health‐care providers may want to assist individuals regardless of having mental health problems in reducing their problematic social media use and improving their generalized trust and social support.

THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL ON SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING: A STUDY FROM TURKEY

Bu çalışmanın amacı psikolojik sermayenin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak internet üzerinden anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Toplam 420 kişiye ulaşılmış, bunlardan 409 kişi seçilmiştir. Psikolojik sermayenin ölçümü için Luthans vd. tarafından geliştirilen PCQ ölçeği (2007a), öznel iyi oluşun ölçümü için Hills ve Argyle tarafından 2002 yılında geliştirilen Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma değişkenlerine güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmış ve güvenilir oldukları tespit edilen faktörler kullanılarak korelasyon, çoklu doğrusal regresyon ve bağımsız gruplar t test analizleri ile araştırmanın hipotezleri test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, psikolojik sermayenin tüm alt boyutlarının öznel iyi oluş üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü etkisinin bulunduğunu, umut değişkeninin en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında ayrıca öznel iyi oluş düzeyinin cinsiyet ve medeni durum değişkenleri bakımından farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Öznel iyi oluş düzeyinin cinsiyet bakımından farklılık göstermediği, medeni durum açısından ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunduğu, evlilerin bekârlara göre öznel iyi oluş seviyelerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları sonuç bölümünde tartışılmıştır.

The Effect of Combined Drug Management and an Exercise Program on Symptoms and the Happiness Level in Elderly Women

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combined drug management and an exercise program on symptoms and the happiness levels of elderly women people living at home. This interventional study included a total of 35 women, aged 65 to 74 years, who were registered at the Family Healthcare Centre. A 14-week program was combined with exercise and drug management. Pre-test and post-test evaluations results were recorded. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form (OHQ-SF) and a sociodemographic form and Follow-Up form were used for data collection. The mean ESAS points of the symptoms of pain, tiredness, sadness, and insomnia showed a significant decrease after intervention and the sense of well-being improved ( p &lt; .001). A statistically significant increase was determined in the happiness levels of the participants after intervention. The combined program of drug management and exercise was found to be effective in raising happiness levels and reducing symptoms in elderly women.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Generalized Trust Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Rasch Models and Relationship with Quality of Life, Happiness, and Depression

The psychometric properties of the Generalized Trust Scale (GTS) are well established. Furthermore, previous studies have found that the GTS is positively associated with better mental health and lower distress, and the literature finds that trust is good for mental health. However, current literature does not have any psychometric evidence concerning the Persian GTS. This study translated the GTS into Persian and validated its psychometric properties. After translating the GTS into Persian using robust and standardized translation procedure, 1200 Iranians (mean age = 34.83 years; 583 [48.6%] males) completed the GTS, along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Short Form-12 (SF-12), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The factor structure of Persian GTS was confirmed by a unidimensional model with a method factor (comparative fit index = 0.998; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.992). The unidimensional model was also supported by Rasch analysis (mean square = 0.75 to 1.31). Other properties of the Persian GTS were satisfactory. More specifically, test-retest reliability was good (intraclass correlational coefficient = 0.865), internal consistency was good (α = 0.881), and concurrent validity was supported (standardized β = − 0.086 with depression in the HADS [p = 0.045]; = − 0.162 with anxiety in the HADS [p < 0.001]; = 0.077 with mental component score in the SF-12 [p = 0.044]; = 0.624 with OHQ-SF [p < 0.001]). The six-item Persian GTS has promising psychometric properties and can be an effective measure to assess trust among Iranians.

Yaşlı bireylerde öz bakım gücü ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişki

Purpose: This study has been carried to determine the relation between self-care ability and happiness in elderly individuals living in Kars province located in the eastern part of Turkey.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional type study and comprises 400 elderly individuals living in central district of Kars province. The data were collected through utilization of the personal information form, the Self-care Ability Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short-Form (OHQ-SF).Results: The elderly individuals received a mean score of 24.89 ± 5.04 from the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and a mean score of 93.94 ± 19.15 from the Self Care Ability Scale. There was a statistically positive mean moderate correlation between the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire score and Self Care Ability Scale score. As scores of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire increases, self-care ability score also increases.Conclusion: Significant relationship between happiness levels and self-care ability was determined in elderly individuals.

The Predictive Role of Happiness, Social Support, and Future Time Orientation in Career Adaptability

In the 21st century, young adult people who are prepared for the world of work are expected to be individuals who have the responsibility to manage their careers and have career adaptability skills. In this regard, it seems useful to understand the factors that may affect career adaptability. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the happiness, social support, and future time orientation can predict career adaptability of young adults. The participants consisted of 525 students (389 female and 136 male) who were enrolled at different faculties of a university in Ankara, Turkey. The instruments that were used in the study were the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire–Short Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Attitudes Toward the Future Scale, and a Personal Information Form prepared by the researchers. The results showed that happiness, perceived social support, positive attitude toward the future, and planned attitude toward the future were significantly positively related to career adaptability. These results indicated that individuals with a high level of happiness and positive and planned attitudes toward the future, and those who receive positive social support from their social contacts such as parents, friends, and significant others, are more career adaptive. The results were discussed in the context of the relevant literature.