Oxalate Levels Research Articles

OxaBIND: A tool for identifying oxalate-binding domain(s)/motif(s) in protein(s)

High oxalate level in blood and urine may cause oxalate-related disorders, particularly kidney stone disease. To unravel disease mechanisms, investigations of oxalate level and its binding proteins are required. However, the information on oxalate-binding proteins is limited due to a lack of appropriate tool for their investigations. Therefore, we have developed a freely accessible web-based tool, namely OxaBIND (https://www.stonemod.org/oxabind.php), to identify oxalate-binding site(s) in any proteins of interest. The prediction model was generated by recruiting all of the known oxalate-binding proteins with solid experimental evidence (from PubMed and RCSB Protein Data Bank). The potential oxalate-binding domains/motifs were predicted from these oxalate-binding proteins using PRATT tool and used to discriminate these known oxalate-binding proteins from the known non-oxalate-binding proteins. The best one, which provided highest fitness score, sensitivity and specificity, was then implemented to create the OxaBIND tool. After inputting protein identifier or sequence (which can be single or multiple), details of all the identified oxalate-binding site(s), if any, are presented in both textual and graphical formats. OxaBIND also provides theoretical three-dimensional (3D) structure of the protein with oxalate-binding site(s) being highlighted. This tool will be beneficial for future research on the oxalate-binding proteins, which play important roles in the oxalate-related disorders.

Pre‐Industrial, Present and Future Atmospheric Soluble Iron Deposition and the Role of Aerosol Acidity and Oxalate Under CMIP6 Emissions

AbstractAtmospheric iron (Fe) deposition to the open ocean affects net primary productivity, nitrogen fixation, and carbon uptake. We investigate changes in soluble Fe (SFe) deposition from the pre‐industrial period to the late 21st century using the EC‐Earth3‐Iron Earth System model. EC‐Earth3‐Iron considers various sources of Fe, including dust, fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning, and features comprehensive atmospheric chemistry, representing atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and Fe cycles. We show that anthropogenic activity has changed the magnitude and spatial distribution of SFe deposition by increasing combustion Fe emissions and atmospheric acidity and oxalate levels. We report that SFe deposition has doubled since the early industrial era, using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 emission inventory. We highlight acidity as the main solubilization pathway for dust‐Fe and oxalate‐promoted processing for the solubilization of combustion‐Fe. We project a global SFe deposition increase of 40% by the late 21st century relative to present day under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 3–7.0, which assumes weak climate change mitigation policies. Conversely, SSPs with stronger mitigation pathways (1–2.6 and 2–4.5) result in 35% and 10% global decreases, respectively. Despite these differences, SFe deposition increases over the equatorial Pacific and decreases in the Southern Ocean (SO) for all SSPs. We further observe that deposition over the equatorial Pacific and SO are highly sensitive to future changes in dust emissions from Australia and South America, as well as from North Africa. Future studies should focus on the potential impact of climate‐ and human‐induced changes in dust and wildfires combined.

Effect of Copper and Zinc Ions on Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones: a Controlled Clinical Study.

Contradictory results are existed in the literature regarding the impact of trace elements on the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone patients. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of Cu and Zn on biochemical and molecular characteristics of CaOx stones. Plasma and urine concentrations of Cu and Zn in 30 CaOx stones patients and 20 controls were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Urinary levels of citric acid and oxalate were measured by commercial spectrophotometric kits. Blood levels of glutathione reduced (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were determined as markers of antioxidant activity, while blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and urine level of nitric oxide (NO) were used to assess oxidative stress. Gene expression of MAPk pathway (ERK, P38, and JNK) were estimated. The plasma and urine levels of Cu were significantly increased in the patient group compared to those of controls, while the levels of Zn were decreased. Excessive urinary excretion of citric acid and oxalate were found among CaOx stone patients. The GSH and CAT concentration were significantly reduced in CaOx stones patients compared to healthy group. The plasma MDA and urine NO concentration were significantly increased in CaOx stones patients compared to control group. The expressions of the studied genes were significantly increased in CaOx stones patients. These findings suggest that alteration in Cu and Zn might contribute to pathogenesis of CaOx patients through oxidative stress and MAPK pathway genes (ERK, P38 and JNK).

Expression and secretion of glycosylated barley oxalate oxidase in Pichia pastoris.

Oxalate oxidase is an enzyme that degrades oxalate and is used in commercial urinary assays to measure oxalate levels. The objective of this study was to establish an enhanced expression system for secretion and purification of oxalate oxidase using Pichia pastoris. A codon optimized synthetic oxalate oxidase gene derived from Hordeum vulgare (barley) was generated and cloned into the pPICZα expression vector downstream of the N-terminal alpha factor secretion signal peptide sequence and used for expression in P. pastoris X-33 strain. A novel chimeric signal peptide consisting of the pre-OST1 sequence fused to pro-αpp8 containing several amino acid substitutions was also generated to enhance secretion. Active enzyme was purified to greater than 90% purity using Q-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography. The purified oxalate oxidase enzyme had an estimated Km value of 256μM, and activity was determined to be 10U/mg. We have developed an enhanced oxalate oxidase expression system and method for purification.

Production Process Technology and Physic-Chemical Characterization of Beneng Taro Flour

Beneng Taro (Xanthosoma undipes) is one of the taro that grows in a specific location developed in the Banten Province, Indonesia. Taro has the main component in the form of flour and starch are widely used. However for further use, there are components that cause itching in the form of oxalate levels that must be lowered. Several process technologies can be utilized to optimize thecharacteristics of taro flour, making it feasible to be used as raw main based material for furtherfood processing. The purpose of this research activity to carry out the production process along with physical characterization and oxalate content of taro beneng flour. The research method consisted of a variation of the immersion treatment and the drying process. The results obtained were then analyzed for yield, color, whiteness, moisture content and oxalate content of the resulted flour. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that immersion using NaCl, sodium metabisulfite and citric acid can reduce the oxalate content. In the variation of the combination of 0.5% citric acid addition in immersion with sun drying method is effective treatment. While the combination of 0.1% citric acid is effective in the oven drying method. The results ofthis production process can be further developed in the field in a larger capacity.

Lumasiran (Oxlumo)


 CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
 The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
 This review assesses lumasiran (Oxlumo), 94.5 mg/0.5 mL lumasiran (as lumasiran sodium), subcutaneous injection.
 Indication: For the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 to lower urinary oxalate levels in pediatric and adult patients.

Metal ions-regulated chemical vapor generation of Hg2+:mechanism and application in miniaturized point discharge atomic emission spectrometry assay of oxalate in clinical urolithiasis samples

It is well known that the coexisting metal ions could significantly influence the atomic spectroscopy (AS) analysis. In this work, a cation-modulated mercury ions (Hg2+) strategy via chemical vapor generation (CVG) was developed for oxalate assay due to the phenomenon that the Ag + can significantly reduce the Hg2+ signal. The regulation effect was studied in depth via experimental investigations. Since Ag + can be reduced to silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by reductant SnCl2, the decrease of the Hg2+ signal is attributed to the formation of a silver-mercury (Ag–Hg) amalgam. Due to the oxalate can react with Ag + to generate Ag2C2O4, which can reduce the generation of Ag–Hg amalgam, a portable and low-power point discharge chemical vapor generation atomic emission spectrometry (PD-CVG-AES) system was constructed to quantify the content of oxalate via monitoring the signal of Hg2+. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 40 nM in the range of 0.1–10 μM for oxalate assay, while exhibiting good specificity. This method was applied to quantitative oxalate in 50 clinical urine samples of urinary stones patients. The levels of oxalate detected in clinical samples were consistent with clinical imaging results, which is promising for point-of-care testing in clinical diagnosis.

MP10-01 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LUMASIRAN IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA TYPE 1: 36-MONTH ANALYSIS OF THE ILLUMINATE-A TRIAL

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP10-01 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LUMASIRAN IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA TYPE 1: 36-MONTH ANALYSIS OF THE ILLUMINATE-A TRIAL John Lieske, Jeffrey Saland, Jaap Groothoff, Yaacov Frishberg, Hadas Shasha-Lavsky, Daniella Magen, Shabbir Moochhala, Eva Simkova, Martin Coenen, Wesley Hayes, Julien Hogan, Anne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc, Yinggu Bao, John Gansner, and Sally-Anne Hulton John Lieske John Lieske More articles by this author , Jeffrey SalandJeffrey Saland More articles by this author , Jaap GroothoffJaap Groothoff More articles by this author , Yaacov FrishbergYaacov Frishberg More articles by this author , Hadas Shasha-LavskyHadas Shasha-Lavsky More articles by this author , Daniella MagenDaniella Magen More articles by this author , Shabbir MoochhalaShabbir Moochhala More articles by this author , Eva SimkovaEva Simkova More articles by this author , Martin CoenenMartin Coenen More articles by this author , Wesley HayesWesley Hayes More articles by this author , Julien HoganJulien Hogan More articles by this author , Anne-Laure Sellier-LeclercAnne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc More articles by this author , Yinggu BaoYinggu Bao More articles by this author , John GansnerJohn Gansner More articles by this author , and Sally-Anne HultonSally-Anne Hulton More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003225.01AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare genetic disease characterized by hepatic oxalate overproduction leading to kidney stones and progressive kidney disease. Lumasiran is an RNAi therapeutic approved for the treatment of PH1 to lower urinary oxalate (UOx) and plasma oxalate levels in pediatric and adult patients. Here, we report data from the 36-month (M) analysis of ILLUMINATE-A, a Phase 3 trial of lumasiran (NCT03681184). METHODS: ILLUMINATE-A is an ongoing Phase 3 trial in patients age ≥6 years with genetically confirmed PH1 and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. A 6M double-blind, placebo-controlled primary analysis period is followed by an extension period (up to 54M) in which all patients receive lumasiran. RESULTS: Of 39 patients enrolled, 24/26 in the lumasiran/lumasiran group and 13/13 in the placebo/lumasiran group entered and continue in the extension period. Mean 24-hour UOx reduction at M36 relative to baseline was 63% in the lumasiran/lumasiran group and 55% in the placebo/lumasiran group (M30 post–lumasiran initiation). At M36, the proportion of patients achieving 24-hour UOx excretion ≤1.5× upper limit of normal was 76% in the lumasiran/lumasiran group and 92% in the placebo/lumasiran group. Mean baseline-to-M36 reductions in plasma oxalate were 36% and 37% in the lumasiran/lumasiran and placebo/lumasiran groups, respectively. In both groups, eGFR remained stable through M36. Kidney stone event rates decreased from 3.19/person-year during the 12M before consent to 0.70/person-year in the lumasiran/lumasiran group and from 0.54/person-year to 0.39/person-year in the placebo/lumasiran group. Medullary nephrocalcinosis generally remained stable or improved. The most common lumasiran-related adverse events were mild injection-site reactions (36% of patients). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with lumasiran led to sustained UOx reduction through M36, with an acceptable safety profile in patients with PH1 and encouraging clinical outcomes data. Source of Funding: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e114 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information John Lieske More articles by this author Jeffrey Saland More articles by this author Jaap Groothoff More articles by this author Yaacov Frishberg More articles by this author Hadas Shasha-Lavsky More articles by this author Daniella Magen More articles by this author Shabbir Moochhala More articles by this author Eva Simkova More articles by this author Martin Coenen More articles by this author Wesley Hayes More articles by this author Julien Hogan More articles by this author Anne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc More articles by this author Yinggu Bao More articles by this author John Gansner More articles by this author Sally-Anne Hulton More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP10-02 DIETARY INTERVENTION IN ENTERIC HYPEROXALURIA

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP10-02 DIETARY INTERVENTION IN ENTERIC HYPEROXALURIA William DeFoor, Joonsue Lee, Nehus Edward, Marion Schulte, Sydney Huesman, Ashleigh Libs, and Prasad Devarajan William DeFoorWilliam DeFoor More articles by this author , Joonsue LeeJoonsue Lee More articles by this author , Nehus EdwardNehus Edward More articles by this author , Marion SchulteMarion Schulte More articles by this author , Sydney HuesmanSydney Huesman More articles by this author , Ashleigh LibsAshleigh Libs More articles by this author , and Prasad DevarajanPrasad Devarajan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003225.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Medically complex, gastrostomy-fed children are particularly vulnerable to forming kidney stones. We have previously shown that there are elevated urinary oxalate levels in patients using enteral feeding formulas primarily based on soy protein, a known high oxalate food. Enteric hyperoxaluria may predispose patients to calcium oxalate stones. The objective of this study is assess if targeted dietary intervention decreases urinary oxalate excretion. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed on medically complex children with cerebral palsy and severe developmental delay presenting to a high-volume Pediatric Stone Center with nephrolithiasis from 2015 to 2020. Inclusion criteria included those who underwent a dietary and urinary metabolic evaluation before and after the index visit. Diets were analyzed by a registered dietitian. Urinary metabolites including calcium, oxalate, and citrate as well as the supersaturations of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate were analyzed via two 24-hour urine collections. Dietary oxalate load was determined by evaluating individual recipes for known high oxalate ingredients or soy-based formulas. Patients were stratified into those on a low versus high oxalate diet. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests. RESULTS: A total of 13 medically complex stone-forming children met inclusion criteria. All patients were non-ambulatory. 11 of 13 (85%) were primarily fed via gastrostomy. Of the 13 patients, 4 were on a low oxalate diet and 9 were found to have a diet of high oxalate foods. The baseline urinary oxalate excretion (26 vs. 71 mg/m2/day, P = 0.001) and supersaturation of calcium oxalate (6.1 vs. 14.3, P=0.01) were lower in those with a low oxalate diet. Four patients on high oxalate diets were targeted for lowering the enteral oxalate load. A follow-up urinary metabolic evaluation was performed a mean of 6.5 months after the dietary intervention. The urinary oxalate level decreased from 71 to 33 mg/m2/day (P=0.049). Urinary excretion of calcium and citrate as well as the supersaturation of calcium phosphate were similar following dietary modifications. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary oxalate excretion and supersaturation of calcium oxalate were elevated in medically complex stone-forming children with high dietary oxalate content. Targeted dietary intervention to reduce the oxalate load in enteral formulas can lead to a substantial decrease in urinary oxalate excretion. Further investigation is required to determine if this leads to lower stone recurrence, hospitalizations, and the need for surgical interventions. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e114 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information William DeFoor More articles by this author Joonsue Lee More articles by this author Nehus Edward More articles by this author Marion Schulte More articles by this author Sydney Huesman More articles by this author Ashleigh Libs More articles by this author Prasad Devarajan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Deteksi Urolithiasis pada Sapi Bali (Bos Sondaicus) yang Dipelihara Secara Semi Intensif di Desa Noelbaki Kecamatan Kupang Tengah

One of the Urolithiasis diseases in Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) is crystal stones found in the urinary tract. These stones are formed in the kidney pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra which can enlarge and can cause pain, bleeding or infection in the urinary tract forming crystals in the urine Urinary stones can move down along the ureter and enter the urinary bladder and when they occur deposition, the crystallized particles can increase in size so that they can cause disturbances in cattle. This study aims to identify and determine high levels of calcium oxalate in the kidneys can also affect the occurrence of crystal stones in male Bali cattle in Noelbaki Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency. Macroscopic examination of urine sediment in Bali bulls, namely the examination of urine color, pH examination, and examination of Urine Specific Gravity and Microscopic Examination including Dicentrifuge and Calcium Oxalate Test Kit on 50 male Bali cattle. The results of the urine examination of male Bali cattle showed 5 positive types of crystals, 3 calcium oxalate and 2 sturvite.

AKTIVITAS ANTINEFROLITIASIS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SAMBUNG NYAWA [Gynura procumbens (LOUR.) MERR.] PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)

Gynura procumbens is a diuretic plant that has been used traditionally to cure kidney stones. In order to determine the calcium levels in the rats' kidneys, the anti-nephrolithiasis activity of male white rats was tested in this study.This research method was carried out experimentally in a laboratory which included sampling, plant identification, making simplicia, making ethanol extract of sambung nyawa leaves, characteristics of simplicia, phytochemical screening, administering animal test preparations, then the data was analyzed using the Anova test. Oral administration of succulent leaf extract is done at three different doses: 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. A positive control is provided with Batugin elixir, which is 0.54 mL/125 g BW and induced at a volume of 7.5 mL/125 g BW/day using ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 2%. The study's findings demonstrated that, with a kidney stone inhibitor percentage of 31.71%, the ethanol extract of Sambung Nyawa leaves at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW was more successful in preventing the formation of kidney stones than doses of 50 mg/kg BW and 100 mg/kg BW. This proves that the ethanol extract from Sambung Nyawa leaves can be an alternative way to prevent kidney stones. The conclusion is that the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens L. leaves has antinephrolithiasis activity in male white rats, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW. It also reduced calcium oxalate levels in mice induced by ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride.

Interactive Temperature and CO2 Rise, Salinity, Drought, and Bacterial Inoculation Alter the Content of Fatty Acids, Total Phenols, and Oxalates in the Edible Halophyte Salicornia ramosissima.

In this work, we studied the combined effect of increased temperature and atmospheric CO2, salt and drought stress, and inoculation with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth and some nutritional parameters of the edible halophyte Salicornia ramosissima. We found that the increase in temperature and atmospheric CO2, combined with salt and drought stresses, led to important changes in S. ramosissima fatty acids (FA), phenols, and oxalate contents, which are compounds of great importance for human health. Our results suggest that the S. ramosissima lipid profile will change in a future climate change scenario, and that levels of oxalate and phenolic compounds may change in response to salt and drought stress. The effect of inoculation with PGPR depended on the strains used. Some strains induced the accumulation of phenols in S. ramosissima leaves at higher temperature and CO2 while not altering FA profile but also led to an accumulation of oxalate under salt stress. In a climate change scenario, a combination of stressors (temperature, salinity, drought) and environmental conditions (atmospheric CO2, PGPR) will lead to important changes in the nutritional profiles of edible plants. These results may open new perspectives for the nutritional and economical valorization of S. ramosissima.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and 24-h urine chemistry risk factors for urinary stone disease

The effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on 24-h urine parameters and resultant kidney stone risk is unknown. We sought to compare urinary lithogenic risk factors among patients with kidney stone disease with and without OSA. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with nephrolithiasis undergoing both polysomnography and 24-h urine analysis. Measures of acid load including gastrointestinal alkali absorption, urinary titratable acid, and net acid excretion were calculated from 24-h urine. We performed univariable comparisons of 24-h urine parameters between those with and without OSA and fit a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Overall, there were 127 patients who underwent both polysomnography and a 24-h urine analysis from 2006 to 2018. There were 109 (86%) patients with OSA and 18 (14%) without. Patients with OSA were more commonly male, had greater BMI and had higher rates of hypertension. Patients with OSA had significantly higher levels of 24-h urinary oxalate, uric acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, chloride, and sulfate; higher supersaturation of uric acid; higher titratable acid, and net acid excretion; and lower urinary pH and supersaturation of calcium phosphate (p < 0.05). The difference in urinary pH and titratable acid, but not net acid excretion, remained significant when adjusting for BMI, age, and gender (both p = 0.02). OSA is associated with changes in urinary analytes that promote kidney stone formation, similar to those observed with obesity. After accounting for BMI, OSA is independently associated with lower urine pH and increased urinary titratable acid.

Anti-urolithiatic effect of Cucumis melo L. var inodorous in male rats with kidney stones.

Melon seed extracts have high antioxidant activities and are effective against a variety of diseases, including kidney stones. In kidney stone model rats, the anti-urolithiatic effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed and potassium citrate were studied and compared. After urolithiasis induction by ethylene glycol, the extract and potassium citrate were treated orally for 38days concurrent with ethylene glycol. Then, urine and kidney sampling were done, and the urinary parameter levels were measured. The melon and potassium citrate treatments reduced the kidney index, the levels of urinary calcium and oxalate, calcium oxalate deposit numbers, the score of crystal deposits, histo-pathological damages, and the score of inflammation in the kidney sections, while elevating the urinary pH, magnesium, and citrate levels, and also the expression of the UMOD, spp1, and reg1 genes in the kidney of treated animals. The effect of potassium citrate is the same as the effect of melon in treated animals. So, their effects could be by normalizing urinary parameters, reducing crystal deposits, excreting small deposits from the kidney, reducing the chance of them being retained in the urinary tract, and elevating the expression of the UMOD, spp1, and reg1 genes, which are involved in kidney stone formation.

Primary hyperoxaluria I, II, III types in children (review of literature)

This review presents the latest data on the classification, pathogenesis, clinical and genetic features, and therapy of primary hyperoxaluria types I, II, and III in children with autosomal recessive inheritance. ORPHA portal of orphan diseases presents genes responsible for primary hyperoxaluria type I AGXT (93598); type II and type II GRHPR (93599), type III HOGA1 (93600). Worldwide genetic studies have established the pathogenesis, clinical phenotype and genotype features of primary hyperoxaluria. The pathogenesis of primary hyperoxaluria in children is based on impaired hepatic glyoxylate metabolism. The enzyme AGT catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and glyoxylate to pyruvate and glycine, with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) serving as a coenzyme for this reaction. Increased production of endogenous oxalate leads to increased blood oxalate concentrations and urinary oxalate excretion with the formation of renal calcium oxalate crystals and radiopaque concrements (calcium oxalate monohydrate – vevelite, calcium oxalate dihydrate – vedellite). High risk of progression to chronic kidney disease in primary hyperoxaluria in children of types I and II. Systemic oxalosis develops with increasing serum oxalate levels and the formation of calcium oxalate crystals with deposition in many organs and tissues. Therapy for primary hyperoxaluria in children includes: hydration (3l/m2/day) and citrates 100–150 mg/kg/day (potassium citrate 0.3–0.5 mmol/kg/day), pyridoxine at a dose of 5 to 20 mg/kg/day for vitamin B6 sensitive type I primary hyperoxaluria. Administration of oxalobacter formigenes and diet is effective. Combined liver and then kidney transplantation or simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation in patients with type I PH in B6-insensitive and isolated liver transplantation in B6-sensitive variants are performed. Timely molecular genetic testing in children with nephrocalcinosis makes it possible to establish a clinical and genetic diagnosis of type I, II, III PH, to carry out a personalised approach to treatment and to predict future health status.

The Effect of Concentration and Type of Immersion Media (Water, Alcohol, Salt, and Vinegar Acid) on Decreasing Oxalate Levels in Porang

Porang tubers (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) contain very high levels of glucomannan and have many benefits in various fields of health, pharmaceuticals, industry, and food. Apart from having great benefits, porang tubers contain calcium oxalate which can cause itching if consumed directly, irritation, and kidney stones. This study aimed to determine the decrease in oxalate levels in porang tubers using various concentrations and types of immersion media in porang. The types of immersion media are water, salt, alcohol, and vinegar. Water immersion was carried out at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. Immersion with salt was carried out at concentrations of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14%. Immersion with alcohol was carried out at concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%. The vinegar immersion was carried out at concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Oxalate levels were analyzed by the permanganate titration method. The results of immersion porang with dice and long slices in this study showed that water with a temperature of 50°C in the 5th immersion, alcohol with a concentration of 60% in the 5th immersion, salt solution with a concentration of 14% in the 5th immersion, and acetic acid with a concentration of 30% in the 5th immersion is the optimal result.

Lumasiran (Oxlumo)

&#x0D; CADTH recommends that Oxlumo be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) to lower urinary oxalate levels in pediatric and adult patients if certain conditions are met.&#x0D; Oxlumo should only be covered to treat those with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of PH1 and whose urine oxalate excretion is not normalized with standard of care therapy (including 3 to 6 months of vitamin B6).&#x0D; Oxlumo should only be reimbursed if its cost is reduced and it is initially prescribed by a nephrologist or metabolic diseases specialist experienced in the diagnosis and management of PH1.&#x0D;

Effects of frankincense on experimentally induced renal stones in rats.

Frankincense (Luban) is a resin obtained from trees of genus Boswellia. The south of Oman hosts Boswellia sacra trees known to have many social, religious and medicinal uses. The anti-inflammatory and therapeutic potential of Luban has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community. The aim is to study the efficacy of Luban water extract and its essential oils on experimentally induced renal stones in rats. A rat model of urolithiasis induced by trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (HLP) was used. Wistar Kyoto rats (27 males, 27 females) were randomly distributed into nine equal groups. Treatment groups were given Uralyt-U (standard) or Luban (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day), starting Day 15 from HLP induction for a duration of 14 days. The prevention groups were given Luban in similar doses, starting Day 1 of HLP induction for 28 days. Several plasma biochemical and histological parameters were recorded. Data were analysed with GraphPad Software. Comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni test. The lithogenic effects of HLP, such as an increase in urine oxalate and cystine, an increase in plasma uric acid and an increase in kidney levels of calcium and oxalate, have all been best significantly reversed by the Luban dose of 150 mg/kg/day. The histological changes of HLP on the kidney tissue including calcium oxalate crystal formation, cystic dilatation, high degree of tubular necrosis, inflammatory changes, atrophy and fibrosis have also been ameliorated by Luban dose of 150 mg/kg/day. Luban has shown a significant improvement in the treatment and prevention of experimentally induced renal stones, particularly at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day. Further studies on the effect of Luban in other animal models and humans with urolithiasis are warranted.

A simple, fast, high-throughput, modified method for the simultaneous determination of citrate and oxalate in a single purified urine sample using two commercially available kits

Background: Urine citrate and oxalate levels are risk markers for renal stone formation. Urine citrate measurements are prone to interferences and linearity issues. This study investigates modification of sample preparation for citric acid assay using the pH adjusted purified urine sample used for oxalate analysis.

Analysis of Proximate Level of Porang Tubers (Amorphophallus muerelli Blume) After Drying with Oven and Sun

Porang tubers are one of the tubers that have special features compared to other tubers. Porang tubers contain glucomannan which has many health benefits. Glucomannan is a polysaccharide compound and contains high fiber. People have not been able to consume porang tubers directly because they contain high concentration of calcium oxalate. Soaking porang tubers in lime solution can help lower calcium oxalate levels. In addition to the content of glucomannan and calcium oxalate, proximate levels in porang tubers also need to be analyzed to determine the quality of processed porang tubers. In this study, an analysis of proximate levels in porang tubers was carried out before and after soaking in lime solution. The proximate levels of porang tubers before and after soaking with lime solution did not differ much. Porang tubers that have been dried for 6 days have a lower water content and higher carbohydrate content than tubers that have been dried for 4 days. Likewise, porang tubers that have been dried at 70 °C have a lower moisture content and higher carbohydrate content than tubers dried at 60 °C.