Possession Of Knowledge Research Articles

Ownership and transmission in contemporary dance and beyond: A short introduction to the special issue

AbstractThe aim of this special issue is the investigation and contextualization of specific arts practices for what they can show us about the transmission and ownership of knowledge. Our authors make explicit the modes of sharing that are part of the creative process in contemporary dance and in Irish traditional music and examine the principles of transmission and social mores that allow ideas to move between practitioners. This introduction sets out some context for the issue and our approach, which is to work alongside practitioners to understand and reveal the social principles and expectations of ownership that are part of the process of producing these art forms.

Assessment of Status of Climate Change and Determinants of People’s Awareness to Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Case of Sarlahi District, Nepal

This study aims to analyze the status of climate change and determinants of people’s awareness of climate change in Sarlahi district, Nepal. A total of 102 respondents were selected randomly from the study area and interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire from May 12, 2021, to May 23, 2021. Along with the determinants, this survey emphasized finding climate-smart alternatives favoring not only the population or sectors like agriculture but also the climate itself. The chi-square test was conducted to measure the relationship between the operational variables, which revealed that there was no significant relationship between gender and knowledge of climate change, occupation and knowledge of climate change, land ownership and knowledge of climate change, guardian and knowledge of climate change, and decision role and knowledge on climate change. However, education, family size, and age had a significant effect on the knowledge of climate change. The binary logit model reported that age, years of schooling, training related to climate change, and involvement with cooperatives were found to have a significant effect on people’s awareness of climate change. Thus, improving people’s adoption of climate-smart agriculture in the education system of the study area and training the people in the study area should be a prime concern.

Evaluating tacit knowledge diffusion with algebra matrix algorithm based social networks

Tacit knowledge is the knowledge existing in human brain which is not easy to be recorded or quantified, and often is learned in the face-to-face interactions. The tacit knowledge diffusion depends on the decision-making of tacit knowledge owners, and the expression of explicit knowledge carriers. However, the comprehensive influence of the tacit knowledge owners, explicit knowledge carriers and the relations of them were not attracted enough attention. In this paper, an algebra matrix method is used to integrate the multidimensional information of network structures and the nodes’ states. By the algebra matrix method, the diffusion threshold of the tacit knowledge is calculated, which is called algebra matrix evaluation. This evaluation method is proven to be effective by comparing with Monte Carlo simulations on three types of artificial networks and five reals. With applications of the algebra matrix evaluation, we construct a co-author network according the data of the academic papers from 1980 to 2017 on Aminer platform, and define states of tacit knowledge owners and the explicit knowledge carriers by the scholar’s career lengths and the paper’s cited quantities respectively. It is found that the thresholds of tacit knowledge diffusion are decreasing with the expansions of the scale of the largest connected components, whether tacit knowledge diffuses in the co-author networks or in the largest connected components. And with the evolution of cumulative co-author network, the diffusion thresholds of tacit knowledge in the largest connected component decrease in ladder-like with unequal steps. Furthermore, it is find ignoring the state factor will lead to the deviation in the evaluation of tacit knowledge diffusion thresholds, which is 16.33% in the largest connected components and 45.07% in the whole network.

“He put his a** in your faces:” disruption of voice and inclusion in an academic conference witnessed through collaborative ethnography and critical incident technique

In this collaborative autoethnographic piece, we present voices through critical incident technique replaying the same event at an academic conference, all seeking to understand how and why the disruption of voice occurs and what to do to counter it. We contextualize these experiences in the ideal of “sustainability of qualitative inquiry” through a feminist reflexive process, problematizing the potential for critical qualitative inquiry. We question how ownership of power, knowledge, education and voice within academic spaces can be embodied by women and other underrepresented groups. In the end, we provide a set of three potential solutions for conference committees and individuals to critically self-reflect upon to create more social justice in qualitative research spaces. Such considerations are particularly important in times of social distancing, where considerations for inclusivity for all are imperative.

Walking the health geographers' talk: Aging and health inequalities in sub‐Saharan Africa

Although inequalities in the production, distribution, and determinants of health are central to health geographers, the discipline of health geography suffers from a “know‐do” gap. These health inequalities are personified in aging populations; older adults in sub‐Saharan Africa experience shorter life expectancies than in high‐income countries and endure higher disability and disease rates in old age. Concomitantly, the region experiences resource shortages and competing population priorities. Evidence‐informed knowledge and practice is imperative. Informed by the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research Principles, an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) case study with knowledge holders and users in the inception, implementation, and dissemination of research in Uganda was undertaken. This paper presents the capstone iKT event that shared research results with knowledge owners and users, addressed research implications and applications, and identified future research and policy agendas. Although vast contextual inequalities impede aging health disparity solutions, findings indicate that employing an iKT approach generates possibilities that not only support older adults, but also population health across the life course. Research incorporating iKT overcomes many contextual realities deemed to impede old age health equity. Incorporating iTK into health geography can reveal where inequality exists, expose how inequality is (re)produced, and suggest solutions that generates more equitable futures.

Patent Protection for The National Interest

This research will analyze Patent Protection for the Interest of Indonesia. The approach used is normative law, to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines in answering the legal issues at hand. This research will analyze the development of Intellectual Property Rights in essence is the development of Human Resources (HR), because IPR related to products and processes related to the IPR system is expected to develop HR, especially the creation of innovative, inventive culture. The role of intellectual property protection systems in relation to the protection of traditional knowledge, regarding how to preserve, protect and be fair in its use. Patent Protection is a matter of shared ownership of traditional knowledge.

Constructing the Image of Expert Bloggers on Instagram*: Analyzing User Experience

Various transformations of social networks, in particular Instagram, affect the emergence of a new type of celebrities — especially bloggers and lead to a new format of relationships with the audience due to the features of this social network. A personal brand or in other words an image of bloggers is formed. These constructed images are quite variable and can change depending on the interests of the blogger himself or the requests of the audience. A special category can be distinguished — bloggers-experts who position themselves as owners of special skills or knowledge. Such expert experience is monetized within the framework of various educational products. “Expertise” and the process of its deconstruction deserves special attention to explain the phenomenon of creation and sale of training courses by expert bloggers who are gaining great popularity lately. This article analyzes the audience's perception of the blogger's expertise: what goals they pursue on the Instagram platform, how they relate to bloggers-experts and their content, what motivates them to purchase courses based on interviews with Instagram users who took part in such training courses with expert bloggers. We confirmed that expertise occupies a special place among the components of a personal brand. It is the link that allows bloggers to monetize their accumulated capital in the format of training courses. * Суд признал «экстремистской» и запретил в России деятельность корпорации Мета,которой принадлежит платформа Instagram.

Imperatives of Care: Women and Medicine in Colonial Korea

Imperatives of Care: Women and Medicine in Colonial Korea

Challenges and Opportunities for Ethical Collaborative Research: Social Contours of A'uwẽ (Xavante) Ethnobiological Knowledge

In many countries, research authorizations must be obtained before field studies begin, even though it may be difficult to anticipate community understandings of ethnobiological knowledge ownership, possession, and use that should be reflected in informed consent protocols, study methods, and publishing decisions. In this article, I draw broadly on my experience conducting ethnobiological and other kinds of research involving biodiversity in five A'uwẽ (Xavante) communities in Central Brazil since 2004 to discuss the social contours of ethnobiological knowledge in their society. My goal is to provide an ethnographic account of several illustrative configurations of knowledge possession, sharing, and secrecy that shape who rightfully has access to what kinds of information and, therefore, bear upon culturally appropriate and collaboratively formulated data collection and informed consent practices. Most specialized A'uwẽ ethnobiological knowledge is considered secret and therefore not appropriate for scientific research and publication. I conclude with a discussion of how Indigenous sovereignty issues may collide with external ethics requirements while being strengthened by community action.

DILEMA PERLINDUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL BERBASISKAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL PADA SENI UKIRAN MINANGKABAU

Traditional knowledge is an issue that has been discussed in national and international conference. The current issue is the protection of traditional knowledge in Indonesia in the concept of Intellectual Property Right. The protection of traditional knowledge in Minangkabau craft based on Intellectual Property Right is the problem that is elaborated in this article. Normative legal design is the research design used to answer the research’s problem. The data are collected from the secondary data and literature study. The results of this research show that the concepts of IPR are contrary to the principles of traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge is originally from indigenous communities that are communal, whereas IPR does not approve it. Hence, the existing law has not provided legal certainty and benefit optimally in protecting traditional knowledge. The solution of this problem is IPR Law must be renewed and a sui generis law regarding to traditional knowledge has to be constructed. It must be clear that local people are declared and certified as the owner of traditional knowledge based on Intellectual Property Right. The recognition of traditional knowledge based on IPR must be communal and non-profit oriented, so it can be owned by all indigenous people.Keywords: Law inforcement, intelectual propertyright, traditional knowledge, minangkabau craft

A mixed methods study of architectural education during the initial COVID-19 lockdown: student experiences in design studio and technology courses

PurposeThe paper aims to understand and assess architecture students' experiences of online teaching during the initial lockdown caused by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic between March–June 2020. The exploratory study was conducted across two architectural engineering departments of two separate campuses of the same not-for-profit, non-governmental higher education institution in Cairo, Egypt, focusing on two course streams within their architectural curriculum; design-studio-based courses (DC) and technology courses (TC).Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods approach was used, where a questionnaire-based survey was developed to gather qualitative and quantitative data based on perceptions of a sample of 245 students. The survey quantitatively queried five dimensions related to students' learning experiences and qualitatively sought to evaluate both the positive experiences and challenges the students experienced.FindingsFindings outline that students' experiences were neutral but veered toward the positive end of the scale. Three factors appear to have affected students' learning experiences; students' reliance on educational technologies, the stage of architectural education students were enrolled in when they went into lockdown, and finally, quality and timing of feedback received. While challenges were faced during transition to the digital realm, these may have compelled students to take ownership of the students' own knowledge construction.Originality/valueResults provide a nuanced understanding of how students dealt with this critical transformation in architectural pedagogy at a unique moment in history, highlighting merits that could have an everlasting impact on design education during and after times of pandemic.

Russian Innovation in the Era of Patent Globalization

The launch of the Russian Sputnik vaccine in 2020 echoed the launch of the Soviet Sputnik satellite in 1957 and reminded the world once again that Russia is a sophisticated technological power. Most inventions in the Soviet Union were managed by the system of inventor’s certificates which ensured open flows of knowledge among the scientific networks behind Russia’s industrial development. Inventions in today’s Russia are managed by the globalized institution of patents which can create high barriers to entry in innovation markets. This article argues that the globalized institution of patents has been compromised in Russia because the barriers to entry that patents create are not justified in the absence of well-functioning markets. The danger of the institutional mismatch is lost opportunities for Russia to grow knowledge and to diversify its economy. Western property rights in innovation in the hands of crony capitalists can magnify the social harms of the patent system leading to high concentration of ownership of knowledge.

Knowledge management strategies and organizational improvisation: what changed after the emergence of technological turbulence caused by artificial intelligence?

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the moderating effect of technological turbulence caused by artificial intelligence on the relationship between the traditional knowledge management strategies of personalization (tacit knowledge) and codification (explicit knowledge), and organizational improvisation, which refers to the firm's ability to generate ideas and respond to changes in the technological environment in real time. Until now, individuals have played a key and indispensable role in organizational improvisation since they are the owners of tacit knowledge and users of explicit knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe research model was tested in a sample of firms from sectors in which the adoption of intelligent robots is growing.FindingsBoth personalization and codification have a positive and significant influence on improvisation, the former to a greater extent. Nevertheless, when technological turbulence caused by artificial intelligence occurs, the relationship between personalization and improvisation is weakened, whereas the link between codification and improvisation is strengthened.Originality/valueContrary to the pre-digital literature consensus, explicit knowledge is becoming the new major driver of organizational improvisation, while tacit knowledge sharing is losing strength and relevance. This finding may be a first indication that intelligent robots are the new exponents of improvisation for their ability to respond to changes in the environment in real time because of a combination of explicit knowledge, beyond being a mere support tool for humans.

Paradoxes of universal knowledge in public administration: exploring the contexts of Africa and Asia

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to explore the paradoxes of ‘universal knowledge’ in public administration that claims cross-cultural relevance and validity, while remains highly parochial (non-universal) in terms of representing mostly the Western administrative traditions imposed and imitated worldwide. It re-examines African and Asian public administration knowledge to explain how the borrowed Western knowledge de-indigenized local administrative traditions, and how it continued to remain exclusive in terms of severe underrepresentation of African and Asian scholars and institutions in the processes of knowledge production, utilization and ownership. The article critically reviews existing literature to evaluate publications (books, articles and reports) on the origins, theories and practical models of public administration in Africa and Asia. It concludes that what is often presented as universal knowledge in the field is actually based on its inherent Eurocentric parochialism.

Aspek Pendukung Affirmative Action Perempuan pada Anggota Bawaslu Provinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Timur

A policy of women's representation (affirmative action) in organizing elections (Elections) becomes essential. The representation of women as election supervisors is still very minimal and has not reached a quota of 30 percent despite the law, Particularly at the province, district, and city levels. In this research, women members of Bawaslu Province in Indonesia and women members of Bawaslu regencies/cities in East Java became the object of study. What aspects support them being elected as members of Bawaslu provinces and districts/cities become the subject of the problem that will be examined. Qualitative research methods are used to answer this research problem. Data collection techniques use literature study books, offline and online scientific journals, news, websites, youtube recordings, which are then critically analyzed with Hanna F Pitkin's representation theory. The representation of affirmative action in Indonesia's Bawaslu province was concluded based on the findings of the study and debate. Four things have supported Bawaslu regency/city in East Java. First, the education aspect. Second, the background of activities and professions before becoming a member of Bawaslu. Third, ownership knowledge as a former election organizer of Adhoc and KPU, and Bawaslu. Fourth, support operational experience in PMII, HMI, and organizations.

Greater central adiposity resulting from increased market integration is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels in older women from the Republic of Vanuatu

Objective: We characterized the relationship between circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and nine anthropometric measures of body fat to identify the best anthropometric predictors of CRP in Ni-Vanuatu women.
 Sample and Methods: Anthropometric data and blood spot samples were collected from sixty-four Ni-Vanuatu female participants (age 35-78 years) on five islands with varying degrees of market integration, cultural change, and obesity. CRP concentration was determined with a high-sensitivity ELISA (hsCRP) assay and then compared to nine different anthropometric measurements.
 Results: BMI was significantly correlated with CRP (p=0.047). Among the eight additional anthropometrics, the suprailiac skinfold (p=0.003) and waist-circumference (p=0.009) were better predictors of CRP than BMI. Moreover, our stepwise selection model indicated that the suprailiac skinfold explained ~14% of CRP level variance.
 Conclusions: The BMI-CRP correlation coefficient for Ni-Vanuatu women falls within the range of previously reported values for East Asian populations with whom they share genetic ancestry. However, the best anthropometric predictors of CRP levels were waist circumference and suprailiac skinfold thickness. These measures capture central adiposity and are more closely associated with elevated CRP level and cardiovascular disease risk than fat distributed elsewhere on the body. Ni-Vanuatu in urban settings with high market integration are at greater risk for obesity, which is associated with elevated CRP levels. However, because nearly all Ni-Vanuatu still retain horticultural knowledge and land ownership, consumption of processed, imported foods is largely determined by degree of market integration and personal choice. Therefore, health interventions focusing on sustainable traditional food practices are feasible.

The micro-foundations of conflicts in joint university-industry laboratories

Whilst extensive research has been conducted on the management of research and development (R&D) alliances between universities and industrial firms, it has largely been concerned with macro-level phenomena such as innovation processes and institutional influences on collaboration. In this conceptual paper, we contribute to the growing research on the micro-foundations of the management of university-industry cooperation by developing a parsimonious theory to explain the origins of conflicts between R&D actors in joint university-industry research laboratories (joint UI labs). We mobilise a theoretical perspective new to this literature that accounts for the variety of individual interests within complex management contexts: multiple agency theory. By these means, we resolve the multitude of individual relationships within a joint UI lab into the interactions between "principals" (e.g., a lab manager) and "agents" (e.g., a scientist). We explain the origins of principal-agent conflicts within joint UI labs in terms of multiple identities, differences in temporal orientation, transcending relationships, claims to ownership of co-produced knowledge, and bargaining power asymmetry. This micro-foundational focus allows us to recommend more nuanced management strategies for mitigating conflicts. We also discuss several potential avenues for future research.

A Critical Approach to University-Community Partnerships: Reflecting on the Diverse Realities

Postapartheid South Africa has seen a greater focus on community engagement by universities, and its inclusion as one of the core focus areas of higher education in addition to teaching and research. This focus on engagement with the community was ignited by a requirement to enhance the university's social responsibility through establishing partnerships with the communities it serves. Higher education institutions have traditionally positioned themselves in engagement projects as the singular organisation that has knowledge to offer when compared to what the community can offer. In this paper, we propose a critical engagement process to enhance collaboration in engagement projects. Our qualitative study resides in a critical theory paradigm, and we used drawings as well as narrative free writing to reflect and explore our perceptions regarding community engagement. We used the collaborative self-study methodology because it provides opportunities for critical and self-critical reflection that could lead us to discovering valuable insights, as well as provide suggestions on how to enhance university community partnerships. Our findings suggest that, despite legislation and efforts to enhance university community engagement, this remains a contested space where power relations, inequality, and claims to knowledge ownership continue to pose challenges.

Latinx Authorship and Representation in Digital Spaces: Wikipedia as a Tool to Decolonize the HSI Classroom


 
 
 
 Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia, is accessed by over 1.5 billion users each month, yet remains stigmatized in the academic world. Many faculty demonstrate reluctance in allowing students to use Wikipedia as part of their research and writing projects due to the open access nature of the site and have all but banned its use in their courses. In this article, we evaluate implications of our pedagogical decision to embed a Wikipedia editing assignment into our respective undergraduate courses at a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) in South Texas. First, we describe students’ initial reactions to Wikipedia as disrupting the classroom. Second, we examine the outcomes of the assignment in our Latinx students’ recognizing their work on Wikipedia as an act of decolonizing the classroom. In particular, we show the extent to which students a) claim authority, b) develop an ownership of knowledge, c) forge identities as public scholars, and d) develop a civic responsibility through their work on Wikipedia. We conclude with a discussion of recommendations for implementing assignments on digital citizenship in college classrooms, particularly in HSIs.
 
 
 

Quantifying loss aversion: Evidence from a UK population survey

We quantify differences in attitudes to loss from individuals with different demographic, personal and socio-economic characteristics. Our data are based on responses from an online survey of a representative sample of over 4000 UK residents and allow us to produce the most comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of loss aversion measures to date. Using the canonical model proposed by Tversky and Kahneman (1992), we show that responses for the population as a whole differ substantially from those typically provided by students (who form the basis of many existing studies of loss aversion). The average aversion to a loss of £500 relative to a gain of the same amount is 2.41, but loss aversion correlates significantly with characteristics such as gender, age, education, financial knowledge, social class, employment status, management responsibility, income, savings and home ownership. Other related factors include marital status, number of children, ease of savings, rainy day fund, personality type, emotional state, newspaper and political party. However, once we condition on all the profiling characteristics of the respondents, some factors, in particular gender, cease to be significant, suggesting that gender differences in risk and loss attitudes might be due to other factors, such as income differences.