ABSTRACT Transvaginal sonography offers a very accurate, easy and reproducible method to evaluate the female pelvis and the female factors of infertility. The addition of color gives us more information about organ perfusion and addition of 3D has opened a new dimension to diagnosis of pelvic pathologies. Transvaginal sonography has an important role in the management of infertility. Serial pelvic ultrasound examinations are useful in monitoring patients undergoing ovulation induction using ovulation-inducing drugs. In addition, the correct prediction of timing of ovulation is critical for infertility therapies such as intrauterine insemination, artificial or therapeutic insemination using donor sperm and the timing of intercourse during ovulation induction therapies. More than any other new method, ultrasound has made significant improvements in modern management of infertility. How to cite this article Malhotra N, Malhotra J, Bora NM, Bora R, Malhotra K. Transvaginal Sonography in Infertility. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):462-474.