Trends In Overweight Research Articles

Time trends of overweight in different age groups of Russian/Siberian population

Time trends of overweight in different age groups of Russian/Siberian population

Secular trends in overweight and obesity among urban children and adolescents, 2003\u20132012: A serial cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China

Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity are increasing in China, but limited information is available on its secular trends in Guangzhou. In this cross-sectional study, ten-wave successive data were obtained from the physical fitness surveillance for students in Guangzhou from 2003 to 2012. A total of 2,619,154 urban students aged 7–18 years were included. The age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly over the period: overweight rose from 10.15% to 14.07% in boys and 6.39% to 8.11% in girls, while obesity increased from 5.65% to 8.31% for boys and 3.43% to 4.12% for girls, respectively (P < 0.05). The increasing trend was significant across almost all age-sex-specific groups (P < 0.05), especially in the last five years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity grew continuously in both sexes, but the pace of change for boys were faster than that for girls. The highest prevalence of overweight was found among 10- to 12-year-old boys, that of obesity among 7- to 9-year-old boys and girls. In conclusion, overweight and obesity have increased significantly among urban children and adolescents in Guangzhou during 2003–2012. Further analysis of influencing factors and comprehensive interventions are urgently needed to combat the obesity epidemic among urban children and adolescents in Guangzhou.

The Malta Childhood National Body Mass Index Study: A Population Study.

Obesity is a chronic disease that often commences in childhood. More than a quarter of Maltese children are overweight or obese. The present study was carried out to measure height and weight (and body mass index) for all school children in Malta to precisely quantify the extent of the problem. Schooling in Malta is provided by: free state schools, subsidized Roman Catholic church-run schools, and independent private schools. All were included. Physical education teachers were trained in measurements on identical stadiometers. Bespoke spreadsheets were created using World Health Organization cut-offs for underweight, overweight, and obesity. The present study included more than 46,027 children in more than 145 schools (ages 4.7-17 years). Less than 10% were unmeasured. Approximately 40% of school-aged children in Malta are overweight or obese. The proportion of obese was greater than that of overweight. Levels of overweight and obesity were significantly different: State>Church>Independent schools. Overall, and for both sexes and for school types, there was a trend for overweight and obesity to peak in years 5 to 8, then decline slightly. Overweight and obesity was secondary>primary schools, and boys>girls. The underweight group was small with no significant difference between the school types. The present study has confirmed high levels of overweight and obesity in Maltese children. It also provides proof of concept of scalability by demonstrating the feasibility of undertaking a relatively inexpensive study of an entire childhood population. The modus operandi (utilizing physical education teachers) could relatively easily be up scaled for any country.

Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in Bangladeshi women of reproductive age: Findings from 2004 to 2014

BackgroundOverweight and obesity are a particular concern for women of reproductive age. They not only increase the risk of chronic diseases but they are also associated with adverse perinatal, neonatal, infant and child outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the trend of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age between 2004 and 2014.MethodThis is a secondary data analysis of the 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS). We determined the age standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity of women aged 15–49 years, who had their weight and height measured. Overweight and obesity were determined using the Asian specific BMI cut-offs criteria.ResultThe prevalence of overweight increased from 11.4% [95% CI: 10.4to 12.5] in 2004 to 25.2% [95% CI: 24.0 to 26.4] in 2014. The prevalence of obesity increased from 3.5% [95% CI: 3.0to4.2] to 11.2% [95% CI: 10.1to12.5%] over the same period of time. This was seen in all age groups. However, the greatest increase was observed in women aged 35 to 49 years. The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity were observed in those women with the highest education level and wealth, larger family size, living in urban areas and not being in paid employment.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh is high and increasing. We speculate that this has the potential to jeopardize the improvements that have been made in maternal and infant health over the last two decades. Evidence based prevention strategies are required to address this serious public health issue.

Análisis de la tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad en la población peruana

Introducción: Sobrepeso y obesidad constituyen un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y también en el Perú. El objetivo fue analizar la tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad según edad, sexo y pobreza.Material y métodos: Estudio de tendencia que analiza el sobrepeso y obesidad en 175.984 peruanos durante 2007 y 2014. Las muestras fueron representativas y probabilísticas de hogares peruanos.Resultados: La tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad incrementó en todos los grupos etarios (p&lt;0,001), excepto los menores de 5 años. En hombres, la tendencia del sobrepeso incrementó (p&lt;0,001) excepto en los niños. En mujeres, la tendencia incrementó en todos los grupos (p&lt;0,001) excepto en los menores de 5 años y el grupo entre 20-29 años. En personas en situación de pobreza extrema, la tendencia del sobrepeso incrementó en los jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores (p&lt;0,001). En personas en situación de pobreza, la tendencia del sobrepeso incrementó (p&lt;0,01) excepto en niños de 5-9 años. La tendencia de la obesidad en hombres y mujeres incrementó (p&lt;0,001), excepto en niños menores de 5 años. En las mujeres, la excepción también fue en adultas mayores. Analizando la pobreza se observó que en personas en situación de pobreza extrema la tendencia de la obesidad incrementó en jóvenes y adultos (p&lt;0,01). En personas en situación de pobreza, la tendencia de obesidad incrementó en los adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos (p&lt;0,01).Conclusiones: La tendencia del sobrepeso y obesidad fue en incremento, excepto en niños menores de 5 años, habiendo predominio en varones y personas en situación de pobreza.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 15.8 million men aged 15\u201349 years in rural China from 2010 to 2014

Obesity has been increasing worldwide. Data on obesity status among men of reproductive age are scarce. This study aimed to assess the national prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity among reproductive-age men in rural China. In the nationwide population-based study, data were obtained from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in rural China from 2010 to 2014. Weight and height were measured in 16 161 982 men aged 15–49 years and their female partners (15 997 739 participants aged 15–49 years) before conception, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. We found that the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity among men was 33.8% (33.7–33.9%) according to Chinese criteria (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2), the corresponding rates of obesity were 6.3% (6.2–6.4%; BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2), respectively. The prevalence varied in different ethnic groups, geographic regions, age, education and GDP levels, and increasing trend was observed over the 5-year study period. In addition, 45.8% of couples had at least one of them as overweight or obesity. About one third of men aged 15–49 years before conception in rural China are overweight or obese. Overweight/obesity clusters in families, which highlights the importance of family involvement of early prevention of obesity in China.

The thin ideal and the practice of fashion

The thin ideal is a characteristic feature of late-modern western societies. Yet, the awareness of the harm it causes has proved insufficient to defeat it. Moreover, despite the international trend of overweight and obesity’s increase, the fashion industry and fashion consumers continue to adjust their decisions to an ideal of slenderness. This seems contradictory. This article shows that the inertia of the thin ideal can be explained by referring to the practice of fashion: The ideal of thinness has been incorporated into habits, routines, objects and the bodies themselves of those who engage in the practice. On one hand, the article shows that at the origin of the tyranny of thinness there is, among other things, a technological development in the production of fashion, namely, the application of the sizing system to the manufacture of clothing. On the other hand, it argues that the thin ideal today is not just a standard of perfection in people’s minds – for instance, in the attitude of fashion designers and consumers towards the female body – but is also incorporated in very solid elements in the process of fashion production, for instance, the models’ bodies. This makes it especially hard for all protagonists of the fashion system to change their attitude and practices towards the standards to be pursued. The inclusion of the ideal of thinness in the practice of fashion can be considered a significant reason of its resilience in a changing world.

Trends in Overweight and Obesity in Czech Schoolchildren from 1998 to 2014.

Overweight and obesity in adolescents is associated with many health risks and considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. The purpose of this study is to examine trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents in the Czech Republic from 1998 to 2014. Data from five self-reported survey rounds (1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC) were used to assess trends in overweight and obesity among Czech adolescents. The total sample consisted of 19,103 adolescents (51.2% girls). A logistic regression analysis was used to assess trends in different age and gender categories. From 1998 to 2014 a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed among boys in all age categories (11 years old 22.2%1998- 28.3%2014; 13 years old 17.9%1998- 26.7%2014; 15 years old 9.8%1998- 20.8%2014) and among 15-year-old girls (6.0%1998- 10.9%2014). None of the age and gender categories showed an overall decrease over the 16-year period. In boys, the prevalence of overweight was significantly higher with steeper negative trends compared with girls. However, stabilization in overweight rates was observed between 2010 and 2014 in all age and gender groups. Nationally representative self-reported data show a significant increase in overweight (including obesity) prevalence among children from 1998 to 2014 in the Czech Republic. The results also suggest stabilization in overweight prevalence between 2010 and 2014. Continuing research is needed to determine future trends while interventions aimed at reducing overweight and obesity in children should be implemented on different levels of public policy.

Physical activity and sleep on the risk of overweight among Grade 5 students in Gampaha Medical Office of Health area, Sri Lanka

Background: Overweight in childhood is an emerging health problem in developing countries. The increasing trend in overweight is associated with three important factors; dietary habits, physical activity and socio-economic changes. Objective: To determine the risk factors for overweight among Grade 5 students in schools of Gampaha Medical Officer of Health area. Methods: A case control study was carried out. Cases were defined as Grade 5 students who were overweight, which was identified based on the age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) centile charts recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. Controls were those who were not overweight selected from the same class of cases. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was administered to the parent or guardian of the children to assess the physical activities, dietary pattern and socio-demographic characteristics of children. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied. Risk factors for overweight were assessed using adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Less physical activity during free times at home (OR=1.86; 95% CI=1.01, 3.42), less physical activity during weekends (OR=2.06; 95% CI=1.18, 3.61), less overall physical activity (OR=1.77; 95% CI=1.08, 2.9) and sleeping more than 8 hours per day (OR=0.46; 95% CI=0.29, 0.74) showed statistically significant associations with overweight in bivariate analysis. Of them, after adjusting for confounders, engaging in less physical activities during the weekend was a risk factor (aOR=2.17; 95% CI=1.22, 3.86) for overweight. Sleeping more than 8 hours per day was a protective factor (aOR=0.46; 95% CI=0.29, 0.74) for overweight. Other characteristics of physical activities, socio-demographic factors, high-fibre diet and fatty food did not show any significant association with overweight. Conclusions: Less physical activity especially during weekends showed a two-fold risk for overweight while sleeping more than 8 hours per day showed a similar protective effect for overweight among Grade 5 school children.

Nutritional status of preschool children attending kindergartens in Kosovo

BackgroundThere is very limited data on malnutrition of preschool children in Kosovo. The main objective of the study is to provide a nutritional status profile of preschool children attending kindergartens in Kosovo.MethodsCross-sectional study of children aged 12–59 months (n = 352 children) and children aged 60–83 months (n = 134) enrolled in public and private kindergartens of Kosovo. Anthropometric measurements used for this study are weight and height of the preschoolers (12–83 months). A measuring board was used for measuring the length/height of children younger than 2 years, while digital weight and height scale Seca 763 was used for measuring of preschool children taller than 110 and Seca 213 was used for measuring the height for children who were shorter than 110 cm. Statistical analyses of underweight and overweight trends across sex and age groups as well as between children from public and private kindergartens were carried out. Qualitative variables were tested with a chi-square test. The differences between groups were assessed with a Student t test for normally distributed variables and a Mann-Whitney test for abnormally distributed numerical variables.ResultsThe mean z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and BMI-for-age largely fell within 0.0 and 1.0. The percentage of stunted children is 3%, whereas child wasting is 1.9%. The overall percentage of obese children is 2.3%; furthermore, 8.9% are overweight and 27.3% have a possible risk of being overweight.ConclusionsThe incidence of children underweight is slightly decreasing. The prevalence of overweight and obese children in sample chosen is evident.

Trends in overweight and obesity among Chinese children of 7-18 years old during 1985-2014

Objective: To investigate the trends in overweight and obesity in Chinese students during 1985-2014. Methods: Data were collected from the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014, with the sample size of 409 946, 204 977, 216 786, 234 421, 215 319, and 214 354, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as the increase rates were calculated based on the body mass index (BMI) percentile criteria of Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in 2014 was 19.4% (41 608/214 354) among 7-18 y Chinese children. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24.2% (25 975/107 216) among boys, and 14.6% (15 633/107 138) among girls, with the prevalence among boys exceeding girls (P<0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.3% (23 911/107 239) among urban students, and 16.5% (17 697/107 115) among rural students, with the prevalence among urban students exceeding rural students (P<0.001). The prevalence in 2014 differed among provinces, ranging from 2.3% (Hainan Province 166/7 200) to 16.3% (Tianjin 168/7 186). During 1985-2014, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-18 y Chinese children increased continuously, with the annual increase rate of overweight ranging 0.27%-0.63%, and the annual increase rate of obesity ranging 0.10%-0.58%. The annual increase rates in 2010-2014 of obesity among the urban boys, urban girls, rural boys and rural girls were 0.62%, 0.42%, 0.79%, and 0.49%,respectively, peaking the annual increase rates during 1985-2014. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-18 y Chinese children increased continuously during 1985-2014, with the annual increase rate of obesity in 2010-2014 peaking the increase rates during 1985-2014. There were gender and regional differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 7-18 y Chinese children in 2014.

Effect of Comprehensive Health Promotion Program on Quality of Life, Weight, and Physical Activity among Iranian Overweight School-age Girls

Background Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and its trend in recent years has taken a worrying figure. Overweight in childhood is the most important cause of adulthood obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect ofcomprehensive health program on quality of life, weight and physical activity in Iranian overweight school-age girls. Materials and Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 80 overweight girls participated in a comprehensive health program for 12 weeks in 2014. The participants were randomly selected and were assigned to intervention (n=40), and control (n=40) groups. Quality of life, weight, and physical activity scores were measured in both groups before and after the program. The data were collected by using the general quality of life questionnaire Pediatric Health-Related Quality of Life (Ped- sQL4.0) in two forms (child and parent self-report), physical activity checklist, and a Digital Stadiometer. Then in the intervention group, comprehensive health program including three stages assessment, supportive planning and evaluation was administered for three months. Data were analyzed by the SPSS version 22.0 software. Results Theresults showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics, weight, physical activity, and quality of life, before intervention (P>0.05). However, statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), physical activity scores, and quality of life, before and after intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion Implementation of a comprehensive health program by school nurses can decrease the growing trend of overweight and increase the quality of life and physical activity among children.

Trends in overweight or obesity and other anthropometric indices in adults aged 18-60 years in western Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased considerably in Saudi Arabia in the past two decades. We conducted this study because to examine trends in weight gain with age and related anthropometric measurements in Saudi Arabia such data are limited.OBJECTIVETo determine trends in overweight and obesity and examine anthropometric indices by age group.DESIGNAnalytical cross-sectional study.SETTINGUniversities, malls, and hospitals in the cities of Mecca, Jeddah, and Al-Taif.METHODSParticipants were selected by convenience sampling. Body weight, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, and skeletal muscle percentage were measured with the Omron body composition monitor device. Waist circumference, height, and body mass index (BMI) were also measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)Changes in BMI, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, and skeletal muscle with age for both genders.RESULTSWe selected 2548 Saudis, 1423 males and 1125 females, aged 18 to 60 years. A significant trend (ptrend<.001) for BMI and all anthropometric indices was observed with age for both genders. About 55.1% of the participants were overweight and obese (BMI>25 kg/m2). Obesity and overweight were more prevalent in men than in women and was observed early in both genders, at the ages of 18–19 in men and 30–39 years for women. In the age range of 40–60 years, muscle mass dropped significantly (P<.05) for both genders. Mean waist circumference and visceral fat were significantly (P<.001) higher in men than in women, but the mean total body fat percentage was higher in females than in males (P<.001).CONCLUSIONSSignificant trends were observed for BMI, WC, body fat, visceral fat, and muscle mass for both genders with age. National programs should be maintained to encourage physical activity and weight reduction as well as focusing on obesity-related lifestyle and behaviors at early ages to prevent weight gain and possibly muscle wasting with age.LIMITATIONSThere was an unequal distribution in numbers of subjects between study groups. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants.

Overweight and obesity in Mexican children and adolescents during the last 25 years

Background/Objective:The objective of the study was to provide current estimates of the prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity (OW+OB) in Mexican children and adolescents.Subjects/Methods:Body mass index objectively measured was analyzed for 37 147 children and adolescents aged 0–19 years obtained in 2012 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2012), a nationally representative sample of the Mexican population. In addition, data from previous National Nutrition Surveys obtained in 1988, 1999 and 2006 were compared with analyze trends over a 24-year period (1988–2012) for children <5 years of age and adolescents and over a 13-year period (1999–2012) for school-age children. World Health Organization Child Growth Standard was used to define OW+OB.Results:In 2012, 33.5% of children <5 years of age (both sexes) were at risk of overweight or were overweight (OW); 32% and 36.9% of girls and boys 5–11 years of age were OW+OB, respectively, and 35.8% and 34.1% of female and male adolescents were OW+OB, respectively. Statistically significant trends were documented for all age groups during the study period. Overall change in the combined prevalence in preschool children was 6.3±1.0 percentage points (pp; P<0.001; 0.26 pp per year) in the last 24 years, showing the highest increase between 1988 and 1999, whereas for school-age girls (from 1999 to 2012) and adolescent females (from 1988 to 2012), OW+OB increased across all periods at a declining trend, with an overall change of 0.5 and 1.0 pp per year, respectively. Changes in the prevalence of OW+OB were highest among children and adolescents in the lowest quintile of the household living condition index.Conclusions:Prevalence of OW+OB among children and adolescents increased significantly during the last 13–24 years. The rate of increase has declined in the last 6 years in all age groups. Changes in prevalence of OW+OB presented here suggest that, in Mexico, the burden of obesity is shifting toward the groups with lower socioeconomic level.

Trends in obesity, overweight, and malnutrition among children and adolescents in Shenyang, China in 2010 and 2014: a multiple cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe prevalence, characteristics, and trends in obesity, overweight, and malnutrition among children and adolescents in 2010 and 2014 in Shenyang, China was described.MethodsThis was a multiple cross-sectional study using data from the 2010 and 2014 National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health. A total of 31,031 children and adolescents were included in this survey. Differences in the percentages of obesity, overweight, and malnutrition by age, gender, and living region in 2010 and 2014 were compared using the χ2 test. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to select potential covariates for the dependent variable (overweight, obesity, or malnutrition).ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight in 2010 was 8.99% and 13.72%, respectively, and 12.64% and 14.06% in 2014, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was 10.68% and 10.69% in 2010, and 2014, respectively. In 2010 and 2014, boys and girls 7–11 years of age had higher rates of obesity than other age groups (P < 0.01). The prevalence of obesity and overweight was significantly higher in the urban residents compared to the rural residents, and was also significantly higher in boys than girls (P < 0.01); however, the prevalence of malnutrition was significantly lower in boys than girls (P < 0.01). Compared to 2010, the prevalence of obesity in 2014 increased significantly in boys and girls, and urban and rural residents (P < 0.05), but the prevalence of malnutrition did not change. The prevalence of obesity, overweight, and malnutrition was associated with gender, age, and living region by univariate logistic regressions.ConclusionThe prevalence of obesity and overweight has continuously risen since 2010, and there is a low-age trend of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in Shenyang, China. The increasing rate of obesity and overweight was faster in rural than urban areas. Malnutrition did not significantly decrease during the 4-year period from 2010–2014.

Trends in adolescent overweight prevalence in Italy according to socioeconomic position.

The aim of this research is to update the trend in overweight (including obesity) prevalence among Italian adolescents, evaluating possible differences by age and gender, and analyzing their relationships with socioeconomic status, between 2002 and 2014. The present study is based on data from the Italian HBSC study at four time points (2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014), which involved 15 035 adolescents, aged 11-13-15 (7540 boys and 7495 girls). Gender and age were associated with the occurrence of overweight. In all surveys, boys had a higher prevalence of excess weight compared to girls (p < 0.001), but only among girls there was a significant increasing trend (from 11.2% in 2002 to 13.3% in 2014). From 2002 to 2014, the risk of being overweight was inversely associated with the economic level of the family, for both genders and all age groups. Data collected between 2002 and 2014 in Italy showed a low overall increase in prevalence of obesity and overweight and an inverse association between SES and obesity in all age groups and in both genders. These findings suggest that concerted, multi-sectorial, efforts are needed in Italy, in combination with a sound political will, focused on reducing social inequality associate.

Social class variation, the effect of the economic recession and childhood obesity at 3 years of age in Ireland.

Many studies have reported a social class gradient within overweight prevalence ( 1-4 ). Additionally, cross-country comparisons report high overweight trends and a change in food consumption patterns in countries affected by an economic crisis ( 5-11 ). The aim of this study was to assess the association between social class and recession on obesity levels in 3-year-old Irish children. The population-based infant cohort of the national Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study was used. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were calculated and logistic regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used to examine the relationship between social class, effects of the recession and childhood obesity. In 2008, 19.5% of 9-month-olds were obese and 19.4% overweight increasing to 22.7% and 20.4%, respectively by 2011 when the infants were 3 years old (World Health Organization (WHO) criteria). The prevalence of obesity increased by 2.3% to 10.1% for various social classes (unadjusted). However, adjusting for confounders, there was no evidence of a difference in obesity of 3-year-old children across social classes. There was evidence that obesity was 22-27% higher for families who perceived a very significant crisis effect on their family, compared with those significantly affected. Increases in obesity were found to be significantly associated with perceived recession effects on the family, but not with social class. Policy makers should be aware that in times of economic downturn, public health efforts to promote healthy weight are needed at a population level rather than for specific social classes.

Anomie Obesogenic: A Chaos Ritual

Anomie, a term coined by the French sociologist Emilie Durkheim, refers to the absence of ethical and moral standards that generate the restraint of the individual. It can be represented in three structural levels: micro, where the family environment creates a family model that goes beyond social lines, modifying the behaviors based on values, norms and socially acceptable attitudes; the meso: Academies, colleges and intellectuals, among others, with the ability to emit observations knowledge base with minimal intervention from the State for the generation, application and regulation of policies and the macro: State as a guarantor of health, develops public policies to address the needs of the population and anomie momentary and partially (actions that are repeated continuously and being socially accepted). Obesity is a chronic disease determinants and social determinations that put the individual in a situation of risk to their health. Mexico trends in overweight and obesity in different national surveys show a steady increase in the prevalence at the long time becoming a threat to the collective not only Comorbidities, but by the impact on quality of life. Obesity seen under the biomedical eye is squarely in genetic risk factors, dietary habits and physical activity, however, since an approach social-critical must look at the effects of the economic, political and ideological process that generate models which upset the subjectivity of the individual looking for immediacy of satisfiers to alleviate loneliness and oblivion. Social anomie fostered by the mass-media, commodified social family environment to influence and tame, direct or indirectly in the preferences of the products by means of social inclusion, pleasure and decrease anxiety, creating a social response of consumption problematized through a heap of perpetual calorie generating obesity, i.e., an obesogenic anomie.

Secular trends in blood pressure in children: A systematic review.

Blood pressure (BP) is expected to have increased over time in children in most countries due to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide. The authors conducted a systematic review of studies assessing secular trends in BP in children and adolescents. Of 1739 citations screened, the authors identified 18 studies including 2042470 participants examined between 1963 and 2012. Thirteen studies were conducted in high-income countries, five in middle-income countries, and none in low-income countries. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased in 17 studies and decreased in one study. BP decreased over time in 13 studies, increased in four, and did not change in one. These findings suggest that secular trends in BP do not mirror secular trends in overweight. This implies that other factors mitigate the effect of overweight on BP in children and adolescents.

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Students Aged 7–22 Years in Jiangsu Province, China

ObjectiveTo report the prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity among students aged 7-22 years in Jiangsu, 2010 to 2013. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out as part of students physical fitness and health survey in Jiangsu province. A total of 255,581 subjects (50.03% males and 49.97% females) enrolled in 82 school and 10 universities in Jiangsu. Weights and heights were obtained for each subject and its body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the Chinese Working Group on Obesity in China (CWGO). ResultsAnthropometric measurement including bodyweight, height, BMI and bust were significantly different between males in urban compared to females living rural areas (P<0.001). The total prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.4% and 5.7%. Males had a significantly higher rate than in female's student. The prevalence of overweight and obesity by age groups was (14.5%, 10.3%) at age 7-11 years, (11.2%, 6.8%) at age 12-14 years, (11.7%, 3.1%) at age 15-17 years, and (11.4%, 2.3%) at age 18-22 years. By regions; the highest prevalence of overweight obesity reported in Taizhou (10%, 14.2%), Xuzhou (9.4%, 12.5%), and Nanjing (9.2%, 15.6%), respectively. ConclusionThe finding declares that overweight and obesity are important health problems among students in Jiangsu Province. Early intervention programme are needed to address this problems.