Overweight Men Research Articles

Acute effects of prior dietary fat ingestion on postprandial metabolic responses to protein and carbohydrate co-ingestion in overweight and obese men: A randomised crossover trial

Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an impaired sensitivity to anabolic stimuli such as dietary protein (anabolic resistance). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may be protective against the deleterious effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) on insulin resistance. However, the contribution of excess fat consumption to anabolic and insulin resistance and the interaction between SFA and n-3 PUFA is not well studied. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an oral fat pre-load, with or without the partial substitution of SFA with fish oil (FO)-derived n-3 PUFA, on indices of insulin and anabolic sensitivity in response to subsequent dietary protein and carbohydrate (dextrose) co-ingestion. Eight middle-aged males with overweight or obesity (52.8±2.0yr, BMI 31.8±1.4kg·m-2) ingested either an SFA, or isoenergetic SFA and FO emulsion (FO), or water/control (Con), 4h prior to a bolus of milk protein and dextrose. Lipid ingestion (in particular FO) impaired the early postprandial uptake of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) into the skeletal muscle in response to protein and dextrose, and attenuated the peak glycaemic response, but was not accompanied by differences in whole body (Matsuda Index: Con: 4.66±0.89, SFA: 5.10±0.94 and FO: 4.07±0.59) or peripheral (forearm glucose netAUC: Con: 521.7±101.7; SFA: 470.2±125.5 and FO: 495.3±101.6μmol·min-1·100g lean mass·min [t=240-420min]) insulin sensitivity between visits. Postprandial whole body fat oxidation was affected by visit (P=0.024) with elevated rates in SFA and FO, relative to Con (1.85±0.55; 2.19±0.21 and 0.65±0.35kJ·h-1·kg-1 lean body mass, respectively), however muscle uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) was unaffected. Oral lipid preloads, consisting of SFA and FO, impair the early postprandial BCAA uptake into skeletal muscle, which occurs independent of changes in insulin sensitivity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03146286.

Effect of a six-week times restricted eating intervention on the body composition in early elderly men with overweight

The main aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of time-restricted eating (TRE) in reducing body fat and lowering body mass index in early elderly men with overweight (65–74 years). An additional goal was to determine the feasibility of applying TRE for extensive use in elderly men. This study included a group of 46 healthy men (EXP = 23 persons, CON = 23 persons). The six-week intervention in the experimental group involved complete abstinence from food intake for 16 h per day, from 08:00 to 12:00 p.m. After the intervention, the body weight decreased in the EXP group (− 1.92 kg) with a 95% CI (1.14–2.70) compared to the CON group. There was also a decrease in the Visceral fat mass (− 0.64 l) with 95% CI (0.46–0.82) and in the waist circumference (− 3.11 cm) with 95% CI (1.89–4.33) in the EXP group compared to the CON group. The skeletal muscle mass did not change significantly. There was no significant change in the control group, either. The application of TRE in early elderly overweight men resulted in positive changes in body composition and visceral fat. All participants succeed in the prescribed diet plan, which shows that TRE is easy to maintain for early elderly overweight men and may become an essential obesity treatment tool in these age groups.

The Combinatory Effect of Spirulina Supplementation and Resistance Exercise on Plasma Contents of Adipolin, Apelin, Ghrelin, and Glucose in Overweight and Obese Men.

Methods The current investigation was conducted in a single-blind and quasiexperimental fashion. Sixty overweight and obese men (BMI > 25) ranging in age from 30 to 55 years were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to one of four groups: training plus spirulina (T+S), training plus placebo (T+P), spirulina (S), or placebo (P). For eight weeks, the (S) and (P) groups consumed two 500 mg spirulina and placebo capsules daily, respectively. Resistance training was performed three sessions a week over eight weeks, consisting of 12 movements with 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-minute rest intervals and 40-90 percent maximal repetition. Adipolin, apelin, and ghrelin indices were measured before and after exercise using special kits. Results All variables changed significantly between groups except for apelin. Within-group comparisons revealed a substantial increase in adipolin levels in the (T+S) and (T+P) groups (P < 0.05). Apelin levels were decreased in the (T+S) and (T+P) groups. Additionally, FBS levels reduced significantly in (T+S) (P = 0.01). Conclusion It seems that eight weeks of circuit resistance training and spirulina supplementation can lead to reduced weight and apelin and FBS levels as well as increased concentrations of adipolin and ghrelin contents in overweight and obese men.

Intermittent fasting two days versus one day per week, matched for total energy intake and expenditure, increases weight loss in overweight/obese men and women

BackgroundIntermittent fasting (IF), consisting of either a one-day (IF1) or two consecutive days (IF2) per week, is commonly used for optimal body weight loss. Our laboratory has previously shown an IF1 diet combined with 6d/week of protein pacing (P; 4–5 meals/day evenly spaced, ~ 30% protein/day) significantly enhances weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic health in obese men and women. Whether an IF1-P or IF2-P, matched for weekly energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE), is superior for weight loss, body composition, and cardiometabolic health is unknown.MethodsThis randomized control study directly compared an IF1-P (n = 10) versus an IF2-P (n = 10) diet on weight loss and body composition, cardiovascular (blood pressure and lipids), hormone, and hunger responses in 20 overweight men and women during a 4-week weight loss period. Participants received weekly dietary counseling and monitoring of compliance from a registered dietitian. All outcome variables were assessed pre (week 0) and post (week 5).ResultsBoth groups significantly reduced body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fat mass, hunger, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and increased percent fat-free mass (p < 0.05). However, IF2-P resulted in significantly greater reductions in body weight (-29%) and waist circumference (-38%) compared to IF1-P (p < 0.05), and showed a strong tendency for greater reductions in fat mass, glucose, and hunger levels (p < 0.10) despite similar weekly total EI (IF1-P, 9058 ± 692 vs. IF2-P, 8389 ± 438 kcals/week; p = 0.90), EE (~ 300 kcals/day; p = 0.79), and hormone responses (p > 0.10).ConclusionsThese findings support short-term IF1-P and IF2-P to optimize weight loss and improve body composition, cardiometabolic health, and hunger management, with IF2-P providing enhanced benefits in overweight women and men.Trial registrationThis trial was registered March 03, 2020 at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04327141.

Effect of 8 Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training on Adropin and Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Overweight Men

Background and Aim Adropin is a new hormone plays an important role in improving lipid metabolism and vascular protection. The current study aims to determine the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on Adropin level and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in overweight men. Methods &amp; Materials This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 32 overweight men (Mean±SD age: 30.5±3.07 years, BMI: 27.93±4.2 kg/m2). They were randomly divided into two groups of HIIT (n=16) and control (n=16). The VO2max test was first conducted. Then, the HIIT group performed 8 weeks of HIIT (3 days per week) at 20 sessions of 30 seconds with a 13-s interval between each session. Body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer and the blood sampling was done for measuring Adropin and NO metabolites by ELISA kits in pre-test and post-test phases. The data analysis was done by repeated-measures ANOVA. The significance level was set at P&lt;0.05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Tehran (Code: IR.UT.REC.1395007). All procedures were in accordance with guidelines of the declaration of Helsinki. Results There was a significant difference in Adropin between HIIT and control groups (0.88±0.256; 95% CI: 0.26-1.5 ng/mL). There was also a significant difference in NO metabolites between the two groups (7.5±3.03; 95% CI: 0.85-14.15 ng/ml). Moreover, there was a positive relationship between Adropin and NO metabolites in overweight men (r=0.498, P=0.0001). Conclusion It seems that HIIT can attenuate cardiovascular diseases by increasing Adropin and NO and can improve cardiovascular fitness (VO2max) and body composition of men with overweight.

Higher premorbid serum testosterone predicts COVID-19-related mortality risk in men.

ObjectiveMen are at greater risk from COVID-19 than women. Older, overweight men, and those with type 2 diabetes, have lower testosterone concentrations and poorer COVID-19-related outcomes. We analysed the associations of premorbid serum testosterone concentrations, not confounded by the effects of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with COVID-19-related mortality risk in men.DesignThis study is a United Kingdom Biobank prospective cohort study of community-dwelling men aged 40–69 years.MethodsSerum total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at baseline (2006–2010). Free testosterone values were calculated (cFT). the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths related to COVID-19 were ascertained from 16 March 2020 to 31 January 2021 and modelled using time-stratified Cox regression.ResultsIn 159 964 men, there were 5558 SARS-CoV-2 infections and 438 COVID-19 deaths. Younger age, higher BMI, non-White ethnicity, lower educational attainment, and socioeconomic deprivation were associated with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections but total testosterone, SHBG, and cFT were not. Adjusting for potential confounders, higher total testosterone was associated with COVID-19-related mortality risk (overall trend P = 0.008; hazard ratios (95% CIs) quintile 1, Q1 vs Q5 (reference), 0.84 (0.65–1.12) Q2:Q5, 0.82 (0.63–1.10); Q3:Q5, 0.80 (0.66–1.00); Q4:Q5, 0.82 (0.75–0.93)). Higher SHBG was also associated with COVID-19 mortality risk (P = 0.008), but cFT was not (P = 0.248).ConclusionsMiddle-aged to older men with the highest premorbid serum total testosterone and SHBG concentrations are at greater risk of COVID-19-related mortality. Men could be advised that having relatively high serum testosterone concentrations does not protect against future COVID-19-related mortality. Further investigation of causality and potential underlying mechanisms is warranted.

Effect of Pilates and Vitamin D Supplementation on Quality of Life (QoL) and Mental Health of Overweight Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aim Evidence shows that vitamin D deficiency and obesity are associated with impaired physical and mental health. This study aims to investigate the effect of Pilates and vitamin D supplementation on quality of life and mental health of overweight men. Methods &amp; Materials This is a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Fifty overweight men were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into four groups of control, exercise, supplementation, and exercise+supplementation. The exercise and combined groups performed 8 weeks of Pilates at an intensity of 50-75% of heart rate reserve, three sessions per week. The supplementation and combined groups received 50,000 IU vitamin D capsule once per week. Assessment tools were the 36-item Short Form survey (SF-36) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The data were analyzed by paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. P˂0.05 was statistically significant. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran (Code: IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1398.088). Results Vitamin D status in subjects was lower than normal (&lt;30 ng/mL) at baseline. Eight weeks of Pilates alone, vitamin D intake alone, and the combined intervention led to a significant increase in SF-36 (10.57%, 9.26% and 15.75%, respectively) and GHQ (12.66%, 10.72% and 17.90%, respectively). However, the effect of combined intervention was higher on the SF-36 (P&lt;0.001) and GHQ (P&lt;0.001) scores compared to two other interventions. Conclusion It seems Pilates alone, vitamin D supplementation alone, and their combination can improve the quality of life and mental health in overweight people with vitamin D deficiency, where the combined intervention is more effective.

Effects of a 12-Week Whole-Grain or Refined Wheat Intervention on Plasma Acylcarnitines, Bile Acids, and Signaling Lipids and Association With Liver Fat

ObjectivesWhole-grain wheat consumption has been shown to have beneficial effects on liver health, including liver fat accumulation, as compared to refined wheat. The mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of RW vs. WGW consumption on plasma levels of metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in order to identify potential underlying mechanisms of the preventive effect of WGW consumption on liver fat accumulation. MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis of a 12-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial in which 50 overweight or obese men and women aged 45–70 years with mildly elevated levels of plasma cholesterol were randomized to either 98 g/d of WGW or RW products. Before and after the intervention, fasting plasma concentrations of acylcarnitines, bile acids, and signaling lipids were measured by targeted UPLC MS/MS, intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG) were quantified by 1H-MRS, and additional markers of liver health were assessed, including circulating levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, γ-glutamyltransferase, serum amyloid A, and C-reactive protein. ResultsThe WGW intervention increased plasma concentrations of the two out of 52 signaling lipids platelet-activating factor (18:2) and lysophosphatidic acid (18:2), and decreased concentrations of lysophosphatidylglycerol (20:3), as compared to RW intervention, although these results were no longer statistically significant after FDR correction. Plasma concentrations of the 8 bile acids and 29 acylcarnitines that we measured were not affected differentially by the WGW or RW intervention. Changes in the above-mentioned metabolites were not correlated to change in IHTG upon the intervention. ConclusionsThe plasma acylcarnitines, bile acids, and signaling lipids that we measured do not seem to be directly involved in the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of WGW consumption or detrimental effect of RW consumption on liver fat accumulation. Funding SourcesFunding source: public-private partnership “Combining innovation with tradition: improving resilience with essential nutrients and whole wheat bread”, financed by Topsector Agri & Food (TKI-AF 12,083) and TNO roadmap Nutrition & Health. Co-funding: Cereal Partners Worldwide, the Dutch Bakery Center, and GoodMills Innovation GmbH.

227-LB: Elevated Plasma Lactate and the Risk for Metabolic Syndrome—Is Skeletal Muscle a Producer or Consumer?

Background: The incidence of metabolic diseases is rising and there is a dire need for early detection to implement prevention. Fasting plasma lactate concentrations have been shown to be elevated in individuals with obesity and predictive of type 2 diabetes. An elevated fasting lactate concentration could possibly be the product of a reduction in muscle oxidative capacity and increased muscle lactate output. However, it is unknown how early this is evident, as are the mechanisms involved. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if fasting lactate concentrations were linked with a reduction in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in a cohort without metabolic disease. Methods: Young (age 28 ± 7; N=21) overweight (BMI (27.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2) men (n=12) and women (n=9) were recruited for this study. Blood biomarkers were measured in the fasted state and body composition was determined by DXA. Muscle oxidative capacity was measured in skeletal muscle homogenates (vastus lateralis biopsy) using 14C-labeled labeled palmitate and pyruvate. Muscle lactate output was determined by microdialysis during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure. Results: Elevated lactate was associated with elevated visceral adiposity (R2=.40, p=.003) , elevated triglycerides (R2=.56, p=.0001) , as well as elevations in systolic blood pressure (R2=.39, p=.003) . Subjects with higher lactate had lower ratio of fatty acid oxidation to pyruvate oxidation (ratio R2=.49, p=.002) . Muscle lactate uptake in the basal state of the clamp positively associated with plasma lactate (R2=.92, p=&amp;lt;.0001) ; however, in the insulin phase net lactate output was near zero. Conclusion: Individuals who are overweight but otherwise healthy have elevated plasma lactate that associates with parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Lactate was associated with a shift from lipid to carbohydrate oxidation. Muscle is a consumer of lactate in the fasted state, whereas adipose tissue may be the source of production postprandially. Disclosure N. T. Broskey: None. E. J. Demaria: None. W. J. Pories: None. J. A. Houmard: None. L. Dohm: None. T. E. Jones: None. C. J. Tanner: None. D. Zheng: None. F. Jevtovic: None. P. Krassovskaia: None. L. E. Matarese: None. R. N. Cortright: None. R. Hickner: None. Funding NIH (R01DK120296)

Effects of high-intensity interval training treadmill with changes in inclination on TGF-β2 serum level of overweight male

A third of adults in Indonesia were overweight. Overweight and abdominal obesity also have associations with musculoskeletal disorders, limited respiratory function, and decreased physical function and quality of life, so public health interventions are needed to overcome them. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has more efficient time and has similar effectiveness as endurance exercise. Transforming Growth Factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is secreted from adipose tissue in response to exercise and improves glucose tolerance. Sixteen overweight subjects who met the study criteria were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group did HIIT using a treadmill with incline changes for 4 weeks. This research measures weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass, and TGF-β2 serum levels pre- and post-intervention in both groups. There was significant decrease in body fat mass percentage (p=0,002) and WHR (p=0,003) but no significant decrease in weight (p=0.51) and BMI (p=0.526) and no significant increase in TGF-β2 serum levels (p=0.208). However, the control got a significant decrease in TGF-β2 serum levels (p=0.029). Although HIIT for 4 weeks did not increase the TGF-β2 serum levels, it is effective to prevent a significant decrease in TGF-β2 serum levels in overweight men.

Effects of high-intensity interval training treadmill with changes in inclination to body fat mass percentage of overweight men

A higher body fat percentage reflects an increased risk of comorbidities. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a more efficient and effective form of exercise in reducing body fat mass. This study aimed to determine the effects of HIIT treadmill with changes in inclination to body fat mass percentage of overweight men. Twenty-two overweight subjects who met the study criteria were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group did HIIT using a treadmill with incline changes for 4 weeks. Measurements of the anthropometrics such as weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip ratio (WHR), and body fat mass were performed pre and post the intervention in both groups. There was significant decrease in body fat mass percentage (p=0,000) and WHR (p=0,000) in intervention group and significant difference in body fat mass percentage (p=0,000) in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0,00). However, there is no significant decrease in BW (p=0.598) and BMI (p=0.592) in the intervention group after exercise. HIIT treadmill with changes in inclination is good to reduce body fat mass percentage of overweight men.

Immunohistochemical identification and assessment of the location of leptin, visfatin and chemerin in the liver of men with different body mass index

BackgroundAdipokines such as leptin, visfatin and chemerin play a pivotal role not only in the pathogenesis of excessive weight gain but also impact on hepatic metabolism. However, alterations in the production of these peptides in the liver of overweight individuals have not been fully elucidated yet. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in leptin, visfatin and chemerin biosynthesis in the liver of men with different BMI.MethodsFourteen adult men without symptoms from the digestive system were recruited. Research material consisted of liver samples. Study participants were divided into two groups: lean (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) and overweight subjects (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Paraffin liver sections were processed by immunohistochemistry for detection of leptin, visfatin and chemerin. Hepatic expression of leptin, visfatin and chemerin genes was determined by qRT-PCR method.ResultsIncreased immunoreactivity for leptin and chemerin, and decreased immunoreaction for visfatin were observed in the liver of overweight men in comparison to lean subjects. Overweight subjects with hepatic steatosis displayed increased immunoreactivity for leptin and weaker immunoreaction against visfatin and chemerin in the liver, compared to individuals with normal organ structure. Expression of leptin and chemerin was enhanced in the liver of overweight individuals, with the highest expression observed in subjects with hepatic steatosis. Conversely, expression of visfatin in the male liver was decreased in overweight subjects and those with and liver steatosis.ConclusionsThe present study proves that the expression of leptin, visfatin and chemerin in the male liver is altered in overweight individuals. Our report also indicates the potential importance of these peptides in hepatic steatosis associated with overweight.

Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio as a predictor of NAFLD in lean and overweight men and women with effect modification by sex.

The effect of sarcopenic visceral obesity on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is uncertain. We investigated (a) whether the skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SV ratio), as a measure of sarcopenic visceral obesity, is a risk factor for NAFLD; and (b) whether the SV ratio adds to conventional adiposity measures to improve prediction of incident NAFLD. Adults without NAFLD (n = 151,017) were followed up for a median of 3.7 years. Hepatic steatosis was measured using ultrasonography, and liver fibrosis scores were estimated using the Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) and the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine sex‐specific adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]). The incremental predictive performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement. Multivariable aHRs (95% CIs) for incident NAFLD comparing the lowest versus the highest quintile of SV ratio were 3.77 (3.56–3.99) for men and 11.69 (10.46–13.06) for women (p–interaction by sex < 0.001). For incident NAFLD with intermediate/high FIB‐4, aHRs were 2.83 (2.19–3.64) for men and 7.96 (3.85–16.44) for women (similar results were obtained for NFS). Associations remained significant even after adjustment for body mass index, waist circumference, and time‐varying covariates. These associations were also more pronounced in nonobese than obese participants (p–interaction < 0.001). The addition of SV ratio to conventional adiposity measures modestly improved risk prediction for incident NAFLD. SV ratio was inversely associated with risk of developing NAFLD, with effect modification by sex and obesity. Conclusion: Low SV ratio is a complementary index to conventional adiposity measures in the evaluation of NAFLD risk.

The Effect of Pea and Whey Protein Isolate Supplementation on Muscle Injury Following a Session of Intense Functional Activity

Background and Objectives Supplementation with amino acids for muscle recovery can be effective on oxidative stress and muscle damage. This study aims to compare the effects of pea protein and whey protein supplements on muscle damage, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and functional performance after high-intensity functional training (HIFT) bout in untrained overweight young men. Subjects and Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 30 untrained overweight young men were selected by a purposive sampling method and divided randomly into three different groups of pea protein (n=10), Whey Protein (n=10), and placebo (n=10). Variables related to muscle damage and DOMS were measured 24 hours after HIFT. Repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the differences between groups. Results There was a significant difference between the two evaluation stages. There was a significant difference between the Whey protein and pea protein groups compared to the placebo group (P&lt;0.05), but no significant difference was found between the Whey protein and pea protein groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion The use of Whey protein, compared to pea protein, can reduce muscle damage and DOMS following HIFT

W224 Is there a relationship between seminal zinc concentration and sperm quality in overweight men?

W224 Is there a relationship between seminal zinc concentration and sperm quality in overweight men?

The relationship between obesity and suicide ideation among young adults in the United States

The prevalence of both obesity and suicide ideation has risen in the last several decades among young adults in the United States (U.S.). Obesity is highly stigmatized in the U.S. and leads to discrimination and societal rejection, which suggests that obesity may increase the risk of suicide ideation. However, no U.S. population-representative studies to date have investigated the relationship between body weight and suicide ideation among young adults. We make this contribution by analyzing data from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Our results indicate obesity is not related to suicide ideation among young men or young women and overweight young men have lower odds of suicide ideation than normal weight young men. We speculate that these findings may be attributable to the very high U.S. overweight and obesity prevalence, which has made obesity more common despite stigmatization.

Ejaculate parameters and the results of &lt;i&gt;in vitro &lt;/i&gt; fertilization treatment in infertile couples with overweight and obese men

BACKGROUND: Infertility and obesity are actual and at the same time occurring problems of many couples. Conflicting data have been obtained on ejaculate parameters and the results of infertility treatment using in vitro fertilization treatment (IVF) in overweight and obese men.&#x0D; AIM: To evaluate the results of examination and treatment using ART, depending on the body mass index (BMI) of men in infertile couples.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment at the International Center for Reproductive Medicine in 368 infertile couples was carried out. The mean age of men and women was 36.4 6.2 and 33.9 5 years, respectively. Previous treatment for varicocele, sexually transmitted infections, prostatitis and cryptorchidism was performed in 58 (15.7%), 43 (11.7%), 42 (11.4%) and 11 (2.9%) men, respectively. Height and weight were measured for all patients, and BMI was calculated. The ejaculate was processed using a gradient medium (SupraSperm, Origio), IVF or ICSI were used in 110 (29.9%) and 258 (70.1%) couples, respectively, signs of good embryo quality were determined according to recommendations of professional societies for reproductive medicine. The onset of pregnancy was confirmed by the results of ultrasound sonography of the uterus. The results were subjected to statistical analysis.&#x0D; RESULTS: The BMI mean was 27.4 4.4 kg/m2, overweight and obesity of the 1st and 2nd degrees were observed in 161 (43%), 58 (15.8%) and 23 (7%) men respectively. Higher BMI values of men corresponded to higher BMI values of women (p 0.001), BMI values did not depend on ejaculate volume, concentration, total number and number of motile spermatozoa, proportion of high-quality embryos, and pregnancy rate. The highest pregnancy rate was noted after treatment of couples with younger women and higher values of the total number, concentration and number of progressively motile spermatozoa and ejaculate volume (p = 0.037, p = 0.028, p 0.001, p = 0.003, p 0.0001, respectively).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obese men prevail in infertile couples seeking IVF treatment. IVF treatment can overcome infertility in couples with overweight and obese men.

Obesity and Hypertension: Review Article

Weight problems are associated with extended extracellular fluid extent and better blood flow in a selection of tissues, resulting in improved venous return and cardiac output. Cardiac output will rise in step with expanded frame weight with faster blood deliver to the greater adipose tissue accounting for a part of the boom. The coronary heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and skeletal muscle tissues, among other tissues, see an growth in blood float. Some of the increased blood float is due to tissue and organ development due to the higher workload and metabolic demands that come with weight problems. Blood glide in tissues, which include the kidneys, skeletal muscle, and coronary heart, improves in overweight women and men, even though blood float is measured in line with gramme of weight. Conclusion: A weight problem is a chief threat element for vital high blood pressure, diabetes, and different comorbidities that contribute to kidney disorder development with the aid of increasing tubular reabsorption, affecting pressure natriuresis, and selling extent growth thru the activation of the SNS and RAS. A weight problem is a first-rate chance element for essential hypertension, diabetes, and other comorbidities that contribute to kidney ailment improvement. Obesity additionally causes cardiovascular and renal issues via a diffusion of pathways, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, infection, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, all of that may coexist, in particular whilst extra visceral fats is present, main to metabolic syndrome.

A Short-Term Eccentric HIIT Induced Greater Reduction in Cardio-Metabolic Risk Markers in Comparison With Concentric HIIT in Sedentary Overweight Men

ABSTRACT Background: Steady-state eccentric exercise training improves cardiometabolic risk (CMR) despite lesser cardiovascular demands compared with load-matched concentric training. Whether a high-intensity interval eccentrictraining is also effective reducing CMR is unknown.Aim: To compare the effects of a short-term high-intensity interval eccentric training (ECC-HIIT) with high-intensity interval concentric training (CONC-HIIT) on CMR in sedentary overweight men.Methods: Twenty men (age: 27.9 ± 5.3y, body massindex: 29.1 ± 3.1 kg·m−2) were randomly assigned to ECC-HIIT (n = 10) or CONC-HIIT (n = 10) delivered as six sessions, including 4 x 5:2 min work-to-rest ratio, at 80% peak concentric power output. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness weremonitored during training sessions. Training effects on lipid profile, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), body composition, thigh circumference, isometric knee extensors maximal strength, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were determined.Results: Average training HR and RPE were −29%and −50%lower in ECC-HIIT in comparison with CONC-HIIT. Muscle soreness was initially greater after ECC-HIIT compared with CONC-HIIT. Significant changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−7.0 ± 8.7%; p = .02 and −6.3 ± 14.4%; p = .03), SBP (−9.8 ± 7.8%; p = .002), and maximal thigh circumference (+2.5 ± 3.1%; p = .02) were observed following ECC-HIIT. No changes in any CMR marker were observed after CONC-HIIT. Moderate-to-large training effect sizes were obtained in thigh circumference, SBP, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in response to ECC-HIIT.Conclusion: A two-week ECC-HIIT was well-tolerated and induced rapid onset improvements in cholesterol and blood pressure compared to conventional CONC-HIIT in sedentary overweight men.

Sex-Specific Patterns of Body Mass Index Relationship with White Matter Connectivity.

Background:Obesity is an increasingly recognized modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increased body mass index (BMI) is related to distinct changes in white matter (WM) fiber density and connectivity.Objective:We investigated whether sex differentially affects the relationship between BMI and WM structural connectivity.Methods:A cross-sectional sample of 231 cognitively normal participants were enrolled from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Connectome analyses were done with diffusion data reconstructed using q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction to obtain the spin distribution function and tracts were selected using a deterministic fiber tracking algorithm.Results:We identified an inverse relationship between higher BMI and lower connectivity in the associational fibers of the temporal lobe in overweight and obese men. Normal to overweight women showed a significant positive association between BMI and connectivity in a wide array of WM fibers, an association that reversed in obese and morbidly obese women. Interaction analyses revealed that with increasing BMI, women showed higher WM connectivity in the bilateral frontoparietal and parahippocampal parts of the cingulum, while men showed lower connectivity in right sided corticostriatal and corticopontine tracts. Subgroup analyses demonstrated comparable results in participants with and without positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid evidence of brain amyloidosis, indicating that the relationship between BMI and structural connectivity in men and women is independent of AD biomarker status.Conclusion:BMI influences structural connectivity of WM differently in men and women across BMI categories and this relationship does not vary as a function of preclinical AD.