Overweight Adults Research Articles

Lifelong impacts of puberty timing on human plasma metabolic profiles: A metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study.

The aim was to investigate the causal relationship between puberty timing and plasma metabolites, accounting for birth weight, childhood and adulthood adiposity. The meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for puberty timing was extracted from the ReproGen Consortium, involving 329 345 women of European ancestry. Summary data for 174 plasma metabolites were retrieved from a recently conducted cross-platform GWAS that involved a meta-analysis of three cohort studies (i.e. the Fenland, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk and INTERVAL studies) and three publicly available studies and included up to 86 507 participants. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to infer the causal relationship of puberty timing on 174 plasma metabolites, complemented by a two-step and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis to assess direct and indirect effects. Additionally, summary-level data from the UK Biobank were used for our replication analysis. The results of the two-sample MR provide moderate evidence supporting a causal relationship between puberty timing and 23 of 174 plasma metabolites (i.e. 7 acylcarnitines, 8 amino acids, 2 biogenic amines and 6 lysophosphatidylcholines). Even after single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with birth weight and childhood adiposity were excluded, causal effects persisted for 16 metabolites (i.e. 8 acylcarnitines, 4 amino acids, 2 biogenic amines and 2 lysophosphatidylcholines). The two-step MR analysis provided evidence that the relationship between puberty timing and plasma metabolites was mediated by adulthood adiposity. Additionally, moderate evidence emerged for an independent causal effect of puberty timing on 10 metabolites through an MVMR analysis (i.e. 5 acylcarnitines, 2 amino acids, 1 biogenic amine, 1 lysophosphatidylcholine and 1 phosphatidylcholine). Furthermore, the replication analysis suggested the robustness of our results. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence that puberty timing has a causal influence on certain plasma metabolites, although this influence is largely mediated by adulthood adiposity.

Effects of Specially Designed Energy-Restricted Diet on Anthropometric Parameters and Cardiometabolic Risk in Overweight and Obese Adults: Pilot Study.

This study examined the effects of a specially designed energy-restricted diet with alternate carbohydrate intake on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults. The aim was to assess whether the intervention could lead to significant weight loss, improve body composition, and reduce cardiometabolic risks. Sixty-five participants (34 women, 31 men) with an average BMI of 31.8 ± 9.1 kg/m2 (women) and 34.1 ± 6.4 kg/m2 (men) participated in a 14-week intervention. The diet included different days of carbohydrate intake and a 20% reduction in total daily energy consumption. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters, including predictive indices of cardiometabolic risk, were determined at baseline and after the intervention. The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in body weight (mean weight loss of 17%, p < 0.001), with 64.6% of participants achieving a weight loss of at least 10%. Muscle mass as a percentage of total body weight increased. Cardiometabolic improvements were observed in fasting blood glucose (from 5.4 to 4.9 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (from 3.38 to 2.81 mmol/L, p < 0.001). Gender-specific differences were found, particularly in HDL-C, which decreased significantly in women (p = 0.013), while there was a non-significant increase in men. Cardiometabolic indices, including the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), also improved significantly. The alternate carbohydrate diet improved body composition, cardiometabolic health, and treatment adherence through metabolic flexibility. However, the short duration of this study and the lack of a control group suggest that further research is needed to assess long-term sustainability.

Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations in Overweight or Obese Adult Population after Weight-Loss Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Probiotics, known for regulating gut microbiota, may aid those with overweight or obesity, but their mechanisms require more research. This study involved 75 overweight or obese young adults, randomly assigned to either a Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 (BBr60) group or a placebo group. Both groups received diet guidance and took either BBr60 (1 × 1010 CFU/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Researchers analyzed body composition, serum glucose, lipids, liver and kidney function, comprehensive metabolome, and intestinal homeostasis before and after the intervention. After 12 weeks, BBr60 significantly reduced weight and BMI compared to pretreatment levels and outperformed the placebo. The BBr60 group also showed improved blood biochemistry, with notably lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than the placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, BBr60 influenced vital serum and fecal metabolites related to three amino acid metabolic pathways and regulated the bacteria Dialister, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides, which correlated strongly with serum metabolites. These findings indicate that BBr60 can safely and effectively regulate BMI, body weight, serum glucose, lipids, and liver function markers, which may involve BBr60's impact on key gut bacteria, which influence metabolites related to the valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.

The effect of tele-nutrition education on fat percentages, cholesterol, and physical activity in adults with overweight

Overweight and obesity can be caused by lack of physical activity and an imbalance in energy intake and energy expenditure, which can lead to excess energy which will be stored in the form of fat tissue in the body. Efforts to improve healthy lifestyles can be done with nutritional education. Technological developments can provide opportunities to increase telehealth activities in Indonesia, one of which is tele-nutrition. This study aims to determine the effect of tele-nutrition education on changes in percent fat, cholesterol and physical activity in overweight adults. This research uses a pre-test post-test control group design. A total of 46 adult respondents aged 19-49 years. Both groups were first given an initial test (pre-test) with the same test. Then the experimental group was given special treatment, namely tele-nutrition-based nutrition education, while the control group was given direct leaflet-based nutrition education treatment. Data analysis was used using the Paired T Test and Wilcoxon Test. Based on the results of the analysis, there was no effect on body fat percentage before and after being given nutritional education in the experimental group and control group (p&gt;0.05). There was an effect on cholesterol levels and physical activity before and after being given nutrition education in the experimental group, while in the control group there was no effect on cholesterol levels and physical activity before and after being given nutrition education (p&lt;0.05). Keywords: cholesterol levels, percent body fat, physical activity, tele-nutrition education

Adiposity throughout Adulthood and Risk of Young Onset Breast Cancer Tumor Subtypes in the Young Women's Health History Study.

The role of adult adiposity in young-onset breast cancer (YOBC) subtype risk is not well understood. In this population-based case(n=1812)-control(n=1381) study of invasive YOBC (aged <50 years), cases were identified from the Los Angeles County and Metropolitan Detroit SEER registries, 2010-2015. Area-based, frequency-matched controls were sampled from the 2010 Census. General adiposity (body mass index (BMI)) and central adiposity (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) across adulthood and covariates were collected from in-person interviews and measurements. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for adiposity and YOBC tumor subtypes (i.e., luminal A, luminal B, HER2+, triple negative (TN)) were calculated, overall and by parity, using multivariable weighted logistic regression. Obese young adult BMI was inversely associated with luminal A YOBC (OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.79); other subtype associations were non-significant. Similarly, adult overweight and obese BMIs were inversely associated with luminal A (respectively OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.91 and OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.87), but not other subtypes. Conversely, larger WC was associated with higher odds of luminal B and TN YOBC (respectively OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.01-2.15 and OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.52-3.88), but not other subtypes (with similar results for WHtR); highest odds were among parous women. Findings show greater general adult adiposity is associated with reduced odds of luminal A YOBC, while greater central adiposity is associated with increased odds of luminal B and TN YOBC, particularly among parous women. Additional studies of central adiposity and YOBC subtype risk, especially incorporating pregnancy history, are warranted.

Investigating the Effect of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Adropin, Endothelial Function, Insulin Resistance, and Sleep Quality in Overweight Older Adults (a Link With Physiological Indexes and Sleep Quality): Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training on adropin, endothelial function, insulin resistance, and sleep quality in overweight older adults. In this randomized controlled study, 40 overweight older adults were randomly divided into training and control groups. The multicomponent training program including aerobic, resistance, and balance exercise was followed for 8weeks, 3days a week. Study variables were measured 48hr before and after the intervention. After 8weeks of multicomponent training, adropin (p = .01), nitric oxide (p = .01), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; p = .002) increased, and glucose (p = .001), insulin (p = .001), insulin resistance (p = .01), systolic blood pressure (p = .01), and sleep disorders (p = .01) decreased significantly. Also, Pearson's test results showed a significant inverse relationship between adropin level (p = .01 and r = -.55) and glucose (p = .01 and r = -.51) with sleep disorders. It seems that multicomponent training increases adropin and improves insulin resistance, endothelial function, and sleep quality in older adults.

A pilot randomized controlled trial of a telenutrition weight loss program supported with telemonitoring and health coaching in overweight and obese adults

A pilot randomized controlled trial of a telenutrition weight loss program supported with telemonitoring and health coaching in overweight and obese adults

Effectiveness of time-restricted eating with caloric restriction vs. Caloric restriction on biochemical parameters, insulin and metabolic indexes in overweight and obese adults

Effectiveness of time-restricted eating with caloric restriction vs. Caloric restriction on biochemical parameters, insulin and metabolic indexes in overweight and obese adults

Effectiveness of time-restricted eating with caloric restriction vs. caloric restriction on anthropometric parameters in overweight and obese adults

Effectiveness of time-restricted eating with caloric restriction vs. caloric restriction on anthropometric parameters in overweight and obese adults

Unravel the distinct effects of adiposity at different life stages on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A life-course Mendelian randomization study.

Childhood obesity is widely recognized as a risk factor for numerous health conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether childhood adiposity directly affects the risk of COVID-19 in later life. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of early life adiposity on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. We used genetic instruments from large-scale genome-wide association studies to examine the relationships between birth weight, childhood and adulthood adiposity indicators (including body mass index [BMI], obesity, and body size), and COVID-19 outcomes. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to obtain the causal estimates. Univariable MR analyses found that childhood BMI and obesity were positively associated with COVID-19 risk and severity in adulthood, however, the significant associations were attenuated to null after further adjusting for adulthood adiposity indicators in multivariable MR analyses. In contrast, our analysis revealed strong evidence of a genetically predicted effect of childhood obesity on COVID-19 hospitalization (OR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, p = 2.12E-2), which remained robust even after adjusting for adulthood obesity and potential lifestyle confounders. Our results highlight the importance of promoting healthy weight management throughout life to reduce the risk of COVID-19.

Effects of a Sorghum Beverage with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on Body Composition, Lipid Profiles, and Intestinal Health in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Single-Blind Pilot Study.

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an extruded whole-grain sorghum beverage containing L. paracasei on body composition, lipid profiles, and intestinal health in overweight and obese adults. (2) Methods: A chronic, single-blind randomized controlled pilot study was conducted with 30 volunteers allocated to three groups (n = 10/group): extruded sorghum beverage (ESB), extruded sorghum beverage with L. paracasei (ESPB), and control beverage (CB) (waxy maize starch). The chemical composition of the beverages was analyzed. Volunteers consumed the beverages for ten weeks at breakfast, along with individual dietary prescriptions. Body composition, biochemical markers, gastrointestinal symptoms, stool consistency, intestinal permeability, short-chain fatty acids, fecal pH, and stool L. paracasei DNA concentration were analyzed at the beginning and end of the intervention period. (3) Results: The ESB showed better composition than the CB, particularly in terms of resistant starch content, total phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, and antioxidant capacity. Both the ESB and the ESPB had an effect on body composition (estimated total visceral fat and waist volume), biochemical markers (Castelli index I), and intestinal health (Bristol scale, diarrhea score, valeric acid, and L. paracasei DNA concentration). No changes were observed in the CB group after the intervention. (4) Conclusions: Whole-grain sorghum beverages demonstrated good nutritional value, and consumption of these beverages, with or without L. paracasei, provided health benefits, including improvements in body composition, Castelli index I scores, and intestinal health, in overweight and obese adults.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSIC ON CARDIO-RESPIRATORY VARIABLES AMONG OBESE YOUNG ADULTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Obesity is one of the major public health problems affecting every region of the globe. Obesity is a prevalent form of malnutrition that can lead to adverse metabolic effects. The risk of heart disease and diabetes increases steadily with increasing body mass index (BMI). Exercise physiology shows a growing interest in the possible physiological and psychological effects of music. Exercisers who listen to music are encouraged to keep up the effort while being diverted from their physical exhaustion. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of different types of music on cardio and respiratory Variables among overweight and obese young adults. Method: A review of observational, experimental, randomized control trials, and cross-sectional studies were performed. SCOPUS, Google Scholar, EBSCO and PubMed were searched using music, HRV, and obese, overweight young adults. Result: A total of 37 studies were identified of which 13 studies were published between 2011-2023 and were included in the study. 6 studies included in our study showed positive effects of music on the rate of perceived exertion, and cardiorespiratory fitness which could be a good strategy for obese young adults. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a significant relationship between the different types of music along with exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in young obese adults. The moderate quality of evidence in many studies indicates a need for further research to solidify these findings and explore new therapeutic avenues.

Increase in colonic PRopionate as a method of prEVENTing weight gain over 12 months in adults aged 20–40 years (iPREVENT): a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial

Obesity drives metabolic disease development. Preventing weight gain during early adulthood could mitigate later-life chronic disease risk. Increased dietary fibre intake, leading to enhanced colonic microbial fermentation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, is associated with lower body weight. Despite national food policy recommendations to consume 30g of dietary fibre daily, only 9% of adults achieve this target. Inulin-propionate ester (IPE) selectively increases the production of the SCFA propionate in the colon. In previous studies, IPE has prevented weight gain in middle-aged adults over 6 months, compared with the inulin control. IPE is a novel food ingredient that can be added to various commonly consumed foods with a potential health benefit. This 12-month study aimed to determine whether using IPE to increase colonic propionate prevents further weight gain in overweight younger adults. This multi-centre randomised-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted in London and Glasgow, UK. Recruited participants were individuals at risk of weight gain, aged between 20 and 40 years and had an overweight body mass index. Sealed Envelope Software was used to randomise participants to consume 10g of IPE or inulin (control), once per day for 12 months. The primary outcome was the weight gained from baseline to 12 months, analysed by an 'Intention to Treat' strategy. The safety profile and tolerability of IPE were monitored through adverse events and compliance. This study is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials (ISRCT) Database (ISRCT number: 16299902). Participants (n=135 per study arm) were recruited from July 2019 to October 2021. At 12 months, there was no significant difference in baseline-adjusted mean weight gain for IPE compared with control (1.02kg, 95% CI:-0.37 to 2.41; p=0.15; n=226). Neither the IPE (+1.22kg) nor the control arm (+0.07kg) unadjusted mean gains in body weight reached the expected 2kg threshold. In the IPE arm, fat-free mass was greater by 1.07kg (95% CI: 0.21-1.93), and blood glucose elevated by 0.11mmol/L (95% CI: 0.01-0.21). Compliance, determined by intake of ≥50% sachets, was reached by 63% of IPE participants. There were no unexpected adverse events or safety concerns. Our study indicates that at 12 months, IPE did not differentially affect weight gain, compared with the inulin control, in adults between 20 and 40 years of age, at risk of obesity. NIHR EME Programme (15/185/16).

Biomarkers of atrial fibrillation-related pathways and left atrial structure and function in an overweight and obese population.

Exploring longitudinal associations of blood biomarkers with left atrial (LA) structure and function can enhance our understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) etiopathogenesis. We studied 532 participants of the PREDIMED-Plus trial, a multicenter randomized trial in overweight and obese adults with metabolic syndrome. At baseline, 3 and 5 years after randomization, participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography and provided blood for serum biomarker measurements [propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP), high-sensitivity (hs) troponin T (hsTnT), hs C-reactive protein (hsCRP), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and N-terminal propeptide of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)]. Outcomes of interest included LA peak systolic longitudinal strain (LA PSLS), LA volume index (LAVi), LA function index (LAFi), and LA stiffness index (LASi). We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to evaluate relationships between log-transformed biomarkers and echocardiographic measurements using multiple linear regression and mixed models. The participants in this analysis had a mean age of 65.0 (SD 4.8) years, and 40% were females. At baseline, increased NT-proBNP and hsTnT were associated with larger LAVi and worse LA function as measured by the LAFi, LASi, and LA PSLS. Longitudinally, higher NT-proBNP, but not higher hsTnT, was associated with increased LAVi and worsening LA function. Over 5 years, 1 unit increase in log(NT-proBNP) was associated with steeper decline in LA PSLS (-0.19%, 95% CI -0.35%, -0.02%) and greater increase in LAVi (0.28 mL/m2, 95% CI 0.10, 0.45) each year. PICP, hsCRP, and 3-NT did not show consistently significant associations with LA outcomes at baseline and through 5 years. In an overweight and obese population, higher NT-proBNP was associated with LA volume enlargement and worsening LA function over 5 years. The implications of these findings for the prevention and prediction of AF warrant further investigation.

Characterizing Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Phenotypes and Their Correlations with Body Composition in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Healthy Young Adults.

Background and Objectives: Obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation supports various systemic alterations. In this descriptive study, 122 apparently healthy adults aged 20 to 35 years were voluntarily included and classified based on body mass index (BMI) as normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB). This study aims to characterize peripheral blood (PB) lymphocyte (Ly) phenotypes and investigate their correlations with body composition indices (BCIs) in healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: The following BCIs were measured: waist circumference, hip circumference, height, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, total body fat mass, visceral fat level, weight, and BMI. White blood cell count (WBC), Ly absolute count, serum TNF-α, and IFN-γ were quantified. Ly subpopulations were analyzed as follows: total TLy (TTLy-CD45+CD3+), early activated TLy (EATLy-CD45+3+69+), total NKLy (TNKLy-CD45+CD3-CD56+CD16+), NKdim (low expression of CD56+), NKbright (high expression of CD56+), BLy (CD45+CD3-CD19+), T helper Ly (ThLy-CD45+CD3+CD4+), and T cytotoxic Ly (TcLy-CD45+CD3+CD8+). Results: Higher BMI has significantly higher WBC and BLy (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0085). EATLy significantly decreased from NW to OB (3.10-NW, 1.10-OW, 0.85-OB, p < 0.0001). Only EATLy exhibited significant negative correlations with all the BCIs. A significantly higher TNF-α was observed in the OW and OB groups compared to the NW group. IFN-γ increased linearly but nonsignificantly with BMI. TTLy showed a nonsignificant positive correlation with both IFN-γ and TNF-α, while EATLy showed a negative correlation, significant only for IFN-γ. NKLy subpopulations exhibited a consistent negative correlation with TNF-α, significant only for NKdim (p = 0.0423), and a nonsignificant consistent positive correlation with IFN-γ. A nonsignificant negative correlation between age and both TNKLy (r = -0.0927) and NKdim (r = -0.0893) cells was found, while a positive correlation was found with NKbright (r = 0.0583). Conclusions: In conclusion, the baseline immunological profile of PB is influenced by excessive adipose tissue in healthy young adults.

Effects of neoagarooligosaccharides on body fat and bowel movement indicators in overweight or obese adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, and dietary fiber supplementation can aid in its treatment. This 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of Dyne-neoagarooligosaccharides (Dyne-NAOs), hydrolyzed from agar via β-agarase DagA, in overweight or obese adults. Eighty participants were randomly assigned using block randomization (1:1, block size 4) to receive either 15 g of Dyne-NAOs daily or a placebo (maltodextrin). After the intervention, body fat mass (−1.07 kg vs. −0.05 kg; p = 0.015) and body fat percentage (−1.04 % vs. −0.08 %; p = 0.018) were significantly lower in the NAO group than in the placebo group. The Constipation Scoring System (−1.42 vs. −0.06; p = 0.010) and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (−3.28 vs. −0.42; p = 0.021), used to assess changes in bowel movements, also showed significant between-group differences. These findings suggest that Dyne-NAOs could be a promising anti-obesity dietary fiber supplement.

Re-evaluating concurrent training strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight or obese adults.

Re-evaluating concurrent training strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight or obese adults.

Tracking anthropometric dimensions and grip strength among children, adolescents and adults in an indigenous community of southern Mexico: 1968-1978-2000.

To track body size and proportions, arm dimensions and grip strength in children, adolescents, and adults resident in an indigenous community in Oaxaca who were measured on two or three occasions across surveys in 1968, 1978, and 2000. The three cross-sectional surveys included measures of height, weight, sitting height, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and grip strength in surveys of schoolchildren in 1968 and of schoolchildren, adolescents and adults in 1978 and 2000. Cross-checks of surnames, forenames and ages/dates of birth of participants in the three surveys identified three samples of individuals measured on two occasions (1968-1978, two age groups in 1978-2000) and a subsample of individuals measured in the three surveys. Partial correlations controlling for age at each observation were calculated for each variable in the three sex-specific samples measured on two occasions, and for the subsamples of males and females measured on three occasions. Allowing for variation in age among subsamples, inter-age correlations were moderate to high for stature, moderate for sitting height and estimated leg length, and low to moderate for weight, BMI, arm and estimated arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, and grip strength. Allowing for the relatively broad chronological age intervals, the inter-age correlations for height, weight and BMI were at the low end, while those for grip strength and for strength per unit body weight for males (though not females) were generally in the range of correlations noted in studies of European samples. Likely associated with improved health, nutritional, and sanitation conditions, obesity and overweight were emerging among adults by 2000. Obesity and overweight in adults paralleled the introduction of mechanized agriculture that reduced routine physical work. Among children, the association of obesity and overweight is likely with increased nutritional availability, but poor choices in diet.

Nutraceutical Capsules LL1 and Silymarin Supplementation Act on Mood and Sleep Quality Perception by Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Pilot Clinical Study.

Stress, unhealthy lifestyle, and sleep disturbance worsen cognitive function in mood disorders, prompting a rise in the development of integrative health approaches. The recent investigations in the gut-brain axis field highlight the strong interplay among microbiota, inflammation, and mental health. Thus, this study aimed to investigate a new nutraceutical formulation comprising prebiotics, minerals, and silymarin's impact on microbiota, inflammation, mood, and sleep quality. The study evaluated the LL1 + silymarin capsule supplementation over 180 days in overweight adults. We analyzed the fecal gut microbiota using partial 16S rRNA sequences, measured cytokine expression via CBA, collected anthropometric data, quality of life, and sleep questionnaire responses, and obtained plasma samples for metabolic and hormonal analysis at baseline (T0) and 180 days (T180) post-supplementation. Our findings revealed significant reshaping in gut microbiota composition at the phylum, genus, and species levels, especially in the butyrate-producer bacteria post-supplementation. These changes in gut microbiota were linked to enhancements in sleep quality, mood perception, cytokine expression, and anthropometric measures which microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids might enhance. The supplementation tested in this study seems to be able to improve microbiota composition, reflecting anthropometrics and inflammation, as well as sleep quality and mood improvement.

Comparison of weight loss effects among overweight/obese adults: A network meta-analysis of mediterranean, low carbohydrate, and low-fat diets

Eating patterns significantly impact the weight loss process. This study aimed to investigate the influence of primary eating patterns on weight loss measures in overweight and obese adults using network meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar until May 2, 2023. Our network meta-analysis followed the PRISMA extension guidelines for Comparing Mediterranean, low carbohydrate and low fat diet effects on weight loss among overweight/obese adults. We conducted a Frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis. Summary effects were presented as mean differences (MD) along with corresponding standard deviations (SD). P-scores were used for treatment ranking within the network. Initial literature searches yielded 1574 citations. Ultimately, 1004 participants from 7 RCTs (or 9 trials) met inclusion criteria. All diets resulted in weight loss. Comparatively, the low-carbohydrate diet exhibited a significant decrease in weight loss compared to the Mediterranean diet (MD=-2.70kg, 95% CI:-4.65,-0.75). Indirect evidence revealed that both the low-carbohydrate diet (MD=-6.31kg, 95% CI:-11.23,-1.39) and the low-fat diet (MD=-5.61kg, 95% CI:-10.61,-0.61) significantly reduced weight among overweight/obese adults compared to the standard hypolipemic diet. Rankings indicated the low-carbohydrate diet as the most effective dietary intervention for enhancing weight loss (P-score=0.8994) and reducing body fat (P-score=0.7060). Overall, a low-carb diet appears to be among the most effective approaches for weight loss and body fat reduction. However, it's essential to consider that its efficacy may vary based on factors such as age, gender, genetics, and lifestyle habits.