Overweight Adolescents Research Articles

EXERGAMES AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND MOTOR ADAPTATIONS IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTES: AN INTERVENTION STUDY

Objective: to analyze the contribution of a physical conditioning program with exergames on postural control and to compare cardiovascular autonomic function among female adolescents.
 Methods: longitudinal study with overweight and non-overweight female adolescents, aged between 10 and 16 years, submitted to two assessments, when heart rate variability (HRV) and postural control were investigated during participation in the conditioning program with exergames
 Results: HRV indices for the time domain (RMSS and SDNN), showed significant differences between the pre and post moments of the program with exergames (14.67 [5.86; 22.72]; 12.38 [4, 82; 20.88]), respectively. In postural conditions BPA/AO open base with parallel feet and open eyes (0.19 [0.05; 0.32]), BTD/AO (semi-tandem base with straight forward foot and open eyes) (-0.17 [-0.32; -0.01]), BTD/OF (semi-tandem base with straight forward feet and eyes closed) (-0.21 [-0.38; -0.04]) and BTE/OF (semi-tandem base with left foot forward and eyes closed) (-0.2 [-0.38; -0.02]) differences were found between the pre and post moments of the muscle activation values of the flexor and extensor muscles of the ankle. The same adjustments were not identified for the overweight group. The total displacement of the pressure center in the BTD/AO postures (0.19 [0.02; 0.36]) in the eutrophic group (with adequate weight), and in the BTE/OF (0.77 [0.18; 1.41]) in the overweight group, in pre and post comparisons, statistically significant differences were found.
 Conclusion: exergames can contribute to physiological adaptations to cardiovascular and motor levels in adolescents.

Influence of BMI percentile on craniofacial morphology and development in adolescents,Part II: elevated BMI is associated with larger final facial dimensions.

Prevalence of adolescent obesity has markedly increased from 5.2% in 1974 to 19.7% in 2021. Understanding the impacts of obesity is important to orthodontists, as growth acceleration and greater pre-pubertal facial dimensions are seen in children with elevated body mass index (BMI). To identify whether adolescent obesity shifts the timing and rate of craniofacial growth resulting in larger post-treatment dimensions, we evaluated cephalometric outcomes in overweight/obese (BMI > 85%, n = 168) and normal weight (n = 158) adolescents (N = 326 total). Cephalometric measurements were obtained from pre- and post-treatment records to measure growth rates and final dimensions and were statistically evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression models. Overweight and obese adolescents began and finished treatment with significantly larger, bimaxillary prognathic craniofacial dimensions, with elevated mandibular length [articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn)], maxillary length [condylion-anterior nasal spine (Co-ANS), posterior nasal spine-ANS (PNS-ANS)], and anterior lower face height (ANS-Me), suggesting overweight children grow more overall. However, there was no difference between weight cohorts in the amount of cephalometric change during treatment, and regression analyses demonstrated no correlation between change in growth during treatment and BMI. BMI percentile was a significant linear predictor (P < 0.05) for cephalometric post-treatment outcomes, including Ar-Gn, Co-ANS, ANS-Me, upper face height percentage (UFH:total FH, inverse relationship), lower face height percentage (LFH:total FH), sella-nasion-A-point (SNA), and SN-B-point (SNB). The study is retrospective. Growth begins earlier in overweight and obese adolescents and continues at a rate similar to normal-weight children during orthodontic treatment, resulting in larger final skeletal dimensions. Orthodontics could begin earlier in overweight patients to time care with growth, and clinicians can anticipate that overweight/obese patients will finish treatment with proportionally larger, bimaxillary-prognathic craniofacial dimensions.

Physical Activity Levels and Adiposity in Ambulant Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy Compared With Their Typically Developing Peers.

This study assessed physical activity (PA) and body composition of ambulatory children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and their typically developing peers. Participants included youth with CP (ages 8-18y and Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I-III) and their typically developing peers. Outcomes included PA (actigraphy) and fat/lean mass index (FMI/LMI; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Statistical analyses included linear mixed effects models with Bonferroni adjustment. Fixed effects were study group (CP and typically developing); random effects were participant clusters (sex and age). Exploratory analyses included association of body composition and PA, GMFCS level, and CP involvement (unilateral and bilateral). Seventy-eight participants (CP: n = 40, girls: n = 29; GMFCS I: n = 20; GMFCS II: n = 14; GMFCS III: n = 6) met inclusion criteria. Individuals with CP had lower moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; β = -12.5; 98.3% confidence interval, -22.6 to -2.5min; P = .004) and lower LMI (β = -1.1; 97.5% confidence interval, -2.1 to -0.0kg/m2; P = .020). Exploratory analyses indicated increased LMI with greater MVPA (P = .001), reduced MVPA for GMFCS II (P = .005) and III (P = .001), increased sedentary time for GMFCS III (P = .006), and greater fat mass index with unilateral motor impairment (P = .026). The findings contribute to the knowledge base of increasing MVPA and LMI deficits with the greater functional impact of CP. Associations of increasing LMI with greater MVPA support efforts targeting enhanced PA participation to promote independent mobility.

Hubungan Pola Makan Dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Overweight Pada Remaja

Excess weight in adolescents is caused by energy intake that exceeds needs or insufficient energy consumption and is related to a history of eating habits and the frequency of intake of high-calorie foods. The diet that triggers overweight is consuming large portions of food, eating foods high in energy, high in fat, high in simple carbohydrates and low in fiber. Physical activity is a risk factor for obesity, where teenagers with light activity are more at risk of becoming obese. In 2018 basic health research, the incidence of overweight was 7.8%. Jambi City Health Service with the number of overweight cases in Jambi City, namely 174 cases. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eating patterns and physical activity with the incidence of overweight in adolescents at SMAN 8 Jambi City. The design of this research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. This research was carried out at SMAN 8 Jambi City in February-June 2023. The population in this research was 359 students of SMAN 8 Jambi City. The sample consisted of 79 respondents. The sampling technique is proportional sampling. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square statistical test. The research results showed a relationship between eating patterns and the incidence of overweight in adolescents (0.000), and the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of overweight in adolescents (0.020). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between eating patterns and physical activity with the incidence of overweight in adolescents at SMAN 8 Jambi City.

Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength Following 6 Weeks of Blood Flow Restriction Combined with Low-Intensity Strength Training in Overweight Adolescents

Background and Study purpose. Blood flow restriction training is a new training technique that involves low-intensity exercise and can generate physiological changes equivalent to high-intensity exercise. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of blood flow restriction in conjunction with low-intensity resistance exercise on muscle mass and muscle strength among overweight adolescents, in comparison to conventional resistance exercise. Materials and methods. The study involved two randomized groups: an experimental group, which performed 40% of one repetition maximum (1RM) resistance exercise combined with 60% of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP), and a traditional resistance exercise group, which performed 70% of 1RM resistance exercise. All participants underwent pre-test and post-test evaluations for body composition, 1RM, and muscle circumference. The training program lasted for six weeks and consisted of upper and lower body training, including exercises such as leg press, leg curl, arm curl, and arm extension. Results. The group that underwent low-load blood flow restriction (LLBFR) training showed a notable increase in muscle mass (p&lt;0.049) as well as arm and leg circumference (p&lt;0.047 and p&lt;0.046, respectively) compared to before the training program, similar to the results of high-intensity resistance exercise. Conclusions. Combining blood flow restriction with low-intensity resistance training is a potentially effective approach to increase muscle size and strength, especially in overweight adolescents. Moreover, this type of training can decrease the amount of exercise load, making it a feasible option for individuals who may not tolerate high loads due to certain medical conditions or other limitations.

Hubungan Body image, Tingkat Konsumsi Energi, dan Tingkat Konsumsi Lemak dengan Kejadian Gizi Lebih pada Remaja Putri di SMAN 1 Krian Sidoarjo

The incidence of overweight (overweight and obesity) is a nutritional problem caused by excess fat tissue in the body. Adolescent have a high risk of overweight which needs to be considered because it can affect the process of growth and development. The incidence of overweight in female adolescents can be influenced by several factors such as body image, energy intake, and fat intake. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body image, , energy intake, and fat intake with the incidence of overweight in female adolescents of SMAN 1 Krian.This research is analytic observational research with case control research design. There was a sample of 58 female adolescents who were divided into two groups, in which the overweight and normal nutrition groups consisted of 29 each. Research data obtained from anthropometric measurements, questionnaires, and interviews. Samples were selected randomly using simple random sampling. Research analysis using chi square test and fisher's exact test.The results showed that there was a significant relationship between energy intake (p=0.000) and fat intake (p=0.003) with the incidence of overweight. Meanwhile, between body image (p=0.066) were not there is a relationship with the incidence of overweight.The conclusion of this study is that excess intake of energy and fat can lead to overweight in female adolescents. female adolescents should be given knowledge of the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle that of eating intake in accordance with balanced nutrition.

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Konsumsi Sugar Sweetened Beverages pada Remaja Putri Gizi Lebih di SMA Negeri 2 Nganjuk

Adolescents are included in one of the vulnerable groups experiencing nutritional problems. One of the nutritional problems that is often experienced by adolescents is over nutrition. Over nutrition can be caused by many factors, including excessive consumption of sugar sweetened beverages. The study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in overweight female adolescents at SMA Negeri 2 Nganjuk. This research is an observational study using a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted from January to April 2023 at Nganjuk 2 Public High School. The population in this study were all female adolescents at SMA Negeri 2 Nganjuk aged 15-17 years who were overweight or obese. The sample in the study were 56 female students. Sampling was carried out using a proportional random sampling technique. The statistical test between variables uses the Chi-Square test on the IBM SPSS application. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that the level of knowledge has a statistical relationship (p-value 0.000 &lt;0.05) with the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in overweight female adolescents at SMA Negeri 2 Nganjuk. The level of knowledge plays an important role in the pattern of consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents, therefore education about nutrition is needed as a preventive measure. Future research is expected to examine more factors that can influence the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in adolescents and can expand the population.

Adolescent Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Adiposity: A Prospective Cohort

ObjectiveExamine the prospective association among diet with adolescent cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and anthropometrics. MethodsSecondary analysis of an observational study of adolescents aged 10–16 years. Twenty-four-hour food recalls were used to calculate Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores. Anthropometrics were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and height/weight measurements. CMR included mean arterial pressure, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Associations between HEI-2015 score at baseline with follow-up adiposity and CMR were examined using regression models. ResultsA total of 192 adolescents were included. Baseline HEI-2015 scores were inversely associated with follow-up total CMR z-score (P = 0.01), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.01), waist circumference z-score (P = 0.02), body mass index percentile (P = 0.01), fat mass (P = 0.04), lean mass (P = 0.02), and visceral adipose tissue mass (P = 0.01). Conclusions and ImplicationsAdolescents with lower adherence to dietary guidelines and greater CMR and anthropometry measurements at baseline continued this trajectory across the observation.

Neck Circumference for Identification of Excess Adiposity in Adolescents with Cancer: A Better Parameter for Use in Clinical Practice?

Purpose: Excess weight in adolescents with cancer during treatment does affect cancer outcomes. Neck circumference (NC), an easygoing anthropometric measure, may present greater metabolic risk, and is associated with excess adiposity. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of elevated NC in adolescents with cancer and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 10-19 years, under antineoplastic treatment, evaluated from 2015 to 2017, at a Pediatric Oncology Institute's outpatient clinic. Anthropometric parameters were collected, besides diagnosis, sex, and age. The classification of elevated NC was carried out considering cutoff values for adolescents, according to sex and age group. A binary logistic regression was used to determine relationships between NC and associated factors. Results: Among 496 eligible cases, most were male (n = 299, 60.3%). A total of 31.9% of cases had high NC. There is significant and moderate correlation between skinfold thickness (TS) and NC (ρ = 0.6; p = 0.000), and a significant but weak correlation between TS and body mass index (ρ = 0.267; p = 0.000). The adjusted analysis for sex, age group, and type of tumor showed that females are more likely to belong to the high NC category, to have excess adiposity. The age group between 10 and 12 years was the most associated with this outcome (2.795 [0.979-7.977]; p < 0.05). TS is also associated with high NC (1.114 [1.050-1.182]; p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is high prevalence of elevated NC and higher risks for this outcome considering type of tumor, sex, age group, besides being an easy and simple measure for use in clinical practice.

Family characteristics in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a network analysis.

Rates of overweight and obesity continue to grow in adolescents. Overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with numerous immediate and long-term adverse health conditions. Throughout adolescence, parents and the family have an important and central influence on adolescents' health and lifestyle. The home environment may be a major factor in shaping children's weight. However, our current understanding of the interplay between family-related variables in adolescents with overweight or obesity is limited and fragmented. This study aimed to assess the relationship between family-related variables in adolescents who are overweight or obese using network analysis and inform future health promotion for family-based intervention. Participants (n = 488) were recruited from middle schools in Nanjing from October 2022 to March 2023. Participants, together with their parents, completed a questionnaire at school about the family food environment, family size, family APGAR index, family physical activity facilities, parental mental health, rearing behavior, parental weight status, drinking history, marital satisfaction, and sociodemographic characteristics. The network split into three distinct communities of items. Network analysis showed that parental mental health and paternal rearing styles-rejection were the most central nodes in the network. In contrast, maternal weight status was the most peripheral and least connected nodes. Family-related variables constituted a connected network in adolescents with overweight or obesity. The pattern of network node connections supports that interventions could prioritize targeting changing parental mental health and paternal rearing styles in adolescents with overweight or obesity.

PRALIMAP-CINECO Cohort: 10-year post-intervention weight trajectories of PRALIMAP-INES adolescents

Abstract Background Between 2012 and 2015, the PRALIMAP-INES trial was carried-out in the France including 1143 adolescents aged 13-18 years old and aimed at reducing weight social inequalities in adolescence. The main result showed that a proportionate universalism principle is an effective way to reduce weight social inequalities in adolescence. About 10 years later, the PRALIMAP-Cineco study aims to investigate the social, economic, educational and health trajectories among PRALIMAP-INES participants. Methods Young adults are contacted by clinical research team and invited to participate to the follow-up. If they agree, they are asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire (sociodemographic, diet, tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, quality of life) and then invited to realise a medical visit for global check-up including weight measures. Results Inclusion is currently in progress and 248 participants are contacted (Male: 130, 52.4%). The mean BMI is 28.5±5.4 kg/m2, 40% of overweight and 30.7% obesity. Among overweight/obese adolescents, 80.1% remain overweight/obese (50.5% of overweight adolescents remain overweight while 67.6% of obese remain obese in adulthood) and 19.9% switch to normal weight in adulthood. No significant difference is observed between advantaged with standard intervention (81.3%) and less advantaged with strengthened intervention (80.7%) groups. Conclusions Post-intervention follow-up suggest that overweight/obesity in adolescence is strongly predictive of overweight/obesity in adulthood without differential trajectories according to socioeconomic status. It would be very interesting to investigate the profile of overweight adolescents who switch to normal to understand the determinants of this favourable trajectory. Key messages • Adolescents with overweight or obesity are more likely to be overweight or obese in adulthood confirming the need of early age public health prevention programmes. • Lifelong prevention is also necessary to ensure more effective public policy.

A literature review of evidence for primary prevention of overweight and obesity in healthy weight children and adolescents: A report produced by a working group of the Danish Council on Health and Disease Prevention.

Primary prevention targets development of overweight in individuals with healthy weight and is a great challenge. This paper summarizes the main findings of a working group of the Danish Council on Health and Disease Prevention that reviewed the literature on primary prevention of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. The results were presented in a Danish report, in which a 2019 Cochrane review on childhood obesity prevention was complemented by searches in PubMed to include all relevant subsequent studies published from January 2018 until March 2020. In this paper, the review was updated until June 2023. Numerous childhood overweight prevention interventions have been developed during the past decades, primarily targeting diet and/or physical activity. Several of these interventions showed positive effects on diet and physical activity level but did not show effects on risk of developing overweight. The evidence foundation is inconsistent as four out of five interventions did not show positive effects. Previously observed intervention effects may not reflect excessive weight gain prevention among children with healthy weight but rather bodyweight reduction among those with overweight or obesity. We do not have sufficient knowledge about how to prevent children with healthy weight from developing overweight, and creative solutions are urgently needed.

Effects of 12 Weeks of Family and Individual Multi-Disciplinary Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents under Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters: A Clinical Trial.

Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 ± 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) (n = 21; 14.24 ± 2.61 years old) and individual group (IG) (n = 22; 13.23 ± 2.27 years old). The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), calculation of body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat), biochemical measures (fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c)), and the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before and after the interventions. The multi-disciplinary interventions occurred for 12 weeks (three days a week lasting 1 h and 30 min, in which 30 min were dedicated to theoretical interventions (nutrition: nutritional education and psychology: psychoeducation) and 1 h to physical exercises. A time effect was observed for LM, FFM, SMM, FM, and HDL-c, with higher values after intervention and a significant decrease for FM, BF, visceral fat, fasting glucose, TG, TC, LDL-c, and DBP (p < 0.05). However, no group, sub-group, or interaction effects were observed when comparing FG, IG, or sexes (p > 0.05). The responses of the present study show that both multi-disciplinary approaches (family and individual) promoted improvement in the body composition indicators, biochemical markers, and DBP of overweight and obese adolescents independently of the intervention group. Given this finding, health professionals, families, and adolescents could choose the type of intervention based on their preferences.

The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Using Instagram on Body Image Perception and Eating Patterns of Adolescents with Overweight Incidence at SMPN 4 Samarinda

Background : Overweight is a widespread issue among children and adolescents aged 5-19 in multiple countries. Adolescents are influenced by physical activity and social media, affecting body image perception and health, potentially leading to low self-esteem, depression, disrupted physical activity, and eating patterns. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of nutrition education using Instagram on body image perception and eating patterns of adolescents with overweight incidents at SMP Negeri 4 Samarinda.Research Methods : Quantitative quasi-experimental research with the One-Group Pretest-Posttest research design. The research subjects were 16 students who were taken using a purposive sampling technique with the Lemeshow formula in February-March 2023 at SMPN 4 Samarinda. Body image perception uses the BSQ-34 questionnaire. Dietary patterns were obtained using the SQ-FFQ. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.Research Result : The results of this study indicate that there is effectiveness of nutrition education using Instagram on body image perception and the pattern of adolescents with overweight incidents at SMPN 4 Samarinda is indicated by a p-value (0.05). However, there is no effectiveness of nutrition education using Instagram on eating patterns (fat intake) indicated by a p-value ( 0.05).Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between nutrition education using Instagram on body image perception and eating patterns of adolescents and the incidence of overweight at SMPN 4 Samarinda. There is no significant relationship between diet (fat intake) and the incidence of adolescent overweight at SMPN 4 Samarinda

Effects of Reduction Mammaplasty on Weight Loss in Obese and Overweight Adolescents: A 7-Year Review

Effects of Reduction Mammaplasty on Weight Loss in Obese and Overweight Adolescents: A 7-Year Review

A Review of Alstrom Syndrome

Alström disease is a condition of autosomal recessive trait disorders that are characterized. At the same time, cone-rod spinal muscular atrophy, hearing impairment, adolescent upper abdominal overweight, insulin sensitivity but also insulin production, insulin-dependent, hypercholesterolemia, present approximately through sexual maturity, myocardial infarction, but also accelerated respiratory, hepatic, but also renal failure to thrive. A multitude of interesting alternative strand management functionality. alms1 protein is present through the centromere, metabolic rate organization, and intracellular space of any connective tissue infected with the disease. Identifying alms1 as little more than a pupillary transcription factor helps explain its variety like witnessed phenotypic expression and their resemblance from those of someone else ciliopathies, including such burden-field disorder. Experiments conducted by mouse models and cell membrane model types like alström disorder have made available an understanding of the staphylococcus aureus mechanisms that underlie obesity in children, hyperglycemia, and many other diagnostic and therapeutic significant issues. Inevitably, data analysis into pathophysiology like alström disorder could perhaps translate to more vital organization and coverings for people and also have crucially substantial potential consequences for these other relatively uncommon ciliopathies, along with more frequent symptoms like obesity and heart disease, as well as other circumstances prevalent inside the overall population.

THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON THE CARDIORRESPIRATORY PARAMETERS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH EXCESSIVE BODY WEIGHT

The aim of the systematic review is to comprehensively evaluate the existing literature on the effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory parameters in overweight adolescents. The literature search was performed using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Papers were selected based on parameters: year of publication, type of intervention, age group of respondents. HIIT interventions lasting 2-24 weeks, three times a week consistently provide improvements in cardiorespiratory parameters in obese adolescents. HIIT interventions have a positive effect on cardiorespiratory parameters in overweight adolescents.

Research on the association between overweight and obesity mediated by Chinese children and adolescent aged 13-18 years physical exercise and psychological distress

Objective: To analyze the association between overweight and obesity, psychological distress, and the influence of physical exercise among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: The study used data from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. A total of 95 280 Han Chinese children and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were included in the study based on complete information on overweight and obesity, psychological distress assessment, and physical exercise variables. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to measure their psychological distress, with scores above 25 indicating high psychological distress. The BMI group of the adolescents was evaluated according to the Chinese standard "WS/T 586-2018 Screening for Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents", including underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The individual's BMI Z-score (BMIZ) was evaluated using the WHO standard and divided into ten groups based on the population percentile distribution. The survey collected the subjects' average daily physical exercise time and divided them into two groups: less than 1 hour and greater than or equal to 1 hour. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between overweight and obesity and high psychological distress among children and adolescents and the differences in association between different physical exercise groups. Results: The detection rates of overweight and obesity among Han Chinese children and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in 2019 were 14.5%, and 7.6%, respectively. The rate of high psychological distress was 37.6%, and the rate of average daily physical exercise time exceeding 1 hour was 17.1%. Using the population with a BMIZ P10 below as a reference, the association strength between high psychological distress and the population gradually increased, with an OR (95%CI) value of 1.08 (1.02-1.14), 1.09 (1.02-1.14), 1.10 (1.03-1.16), and 1.16 (1.09-1.23) for BMIZ in the P60-, P70-, P80-, >P90 groups. Compared to normal weight, both overweight and obesity were positively associated with high psychological distress in children and adolescents, with obesity showing a more significant correlation, while underweight was negatively associated with high psychological distress. The detection rates of high psychological distress in normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese groups were 37.6%, 37.0%, 38.2%, and 38.7%, respectively, with an OR (95%CI) value of 0.93 (0.88-0.98) for the underweight group and 1.05 (1.01-1.10) and 1.13 (1.07-1.19) for the overweight and obese groups, respectively. The positive correlation between BMIZ, overweight, and obesity with high psychological distress was significant only in adolescents who exercised less than 1 hour per day on average. Conclusions: Chinese children and adolescents face the problem of obesity and high psychological distress, with a positive correlation between these two problems. Physical activity may moderate the association between obesity and psychological distress in children and adolescents. Adequate physical exercise may offset the potential high psychological distress caused by obesity in children and adolescents. Thus, strengthening physical exercise among children and adolescents reduces the risks of both obesity and psychological health problems effectively.

Obesity, Dyslipidemia and other Risks Factors for Metabolic Syndrome among Indigenous Black African Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria

_Introduction:_ Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors which together increase the chance of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. In MetS, especially among overweight and obese people, blood pressure and blood glucose are elevated, excess body fat accumulates abdominally, and there is dyslipidemia (notably low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and high level of triglycerides). There is scarcity of data available on MetS and dyslipidemia among secondary school children in Lagos, Nigeria. _Objective: _To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adolescents in secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria. _Population and Methods: _An institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. A multi-stage sampling approach was used to recruit 624 students aged 10-19 years in secondary schools within Lagos State of Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Fasting venous blood samples were collected for plasma glucose and lipid profile analysis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. A p-value &lt;0.05 was taken as statistically significant. _Results:_ The overall means (±sd) of age (years), weight (kg), height (m) and BMI were 14.7 (2.2), 47.4 (11.6), 1.6 (0.1) and 19.2 (4.2) respectively with no significant difference relative to gender, except BMI (Kg/m2) which was higher (t-test= -2.24, P-value=0.03) in girls (19.5±4.1) than boys (18.7±4.5). Only 1 (0.4%) of boy and 17 (4.4%) girls had waist circumference ≥94 cm and ≥80cm correspondingly. Approximately 17%, 75%, 5% and 3% of the students were underweight, healthy, overweight, and obese separately. The overall mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 108.2 (12.4) mmHg with about 14%, 4% and 0.5% presenting with pre-hypertension, stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension respectively. Overweight students had the highest SBP of 113.8±12.8 mm Hg while obese subjects had the highest DBP of 79.9±7.5 mm Hg. No obese subject had a low SBP. Approximately 19% and 12% of the study subjects had impaired and diabetic fasting blood glucose (FBG), especially females, those in early-stage adolescence and the overweight subjects. Approximately 71%, 50%, and 86% of the students had high levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein while 25% of them had low level of high-density lipoprotein. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 8.5%, more prevalent among obese subjects (20.0%). Overall, 15%, 44%, 32% and 9% had 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 risk factors for metabolic syndrome. _Conclusion: _A higher proportion of male, mid-adolescent, and overweight students had a minimum of 3 risk factors for MetS_. _This is likely to impose a high burden on future health. The extent to which the problem might affect other areas of Nigeria needs investigation.

Change in Urinary Inflammatory Biomarkers and Psychological Health with Gut Microbiome Modulation after Six Months of a Lifestyle Modification Program in Children.

Background: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that negatively impacts the quality of life. Long-term methods such as exercise and low-fat diets can help regulate this health issue, but 93.3 million Americans continue to struggle. Our research investigates if lifestyle changes can affect urinary inflammation markers and psychological aspects through the modification of gut microbiome composition. Methods: Our study included 16 healthy controls with normal BMI as a comparison group and 22 overweight/obese (OW/OB) adolescents. We collected demographic, clinical, psychological, stool, and urine sample data at enrollment and six months after implementing lifestyle modifications. Bacterial genomic data and inflammatory markers in these samples were analyzed. Results: The lifestyle interventions were associated with decreased inflammation and enhanced mental health among overweight teens. We observed differences in bacterial community compositions between healthy participants and those who underwent treatment, including exercise and dietary habit adjustments, although there was no significant change in bacterial species richness. Mental health correlated with gut microbiota compositions without any demographic influences. The research also uncovered connections between inflammatory markers, psychological factors, and gut microbiota phyla through carbohydrate metabolism alterations. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that lifestyle modifications are associated with improved mental health and a reduction in inflammation in overweight adolescents by adjusting the gut microbiota composition.