Overview Of Sleep Research Articles

The Bidirectional Relationship between Sleep and Neurodegeneration: Actionability to Improve Brain Health

Recently, it has become increasingly clear that there is a bidirectional relationship between sleep/circadian rhythms and neurodegeneration. Knowledge about this topic further improved after the description of the glymphatic system, which is mainly active during sleep. Changes in sleep and circadian rhythms are present not only in overt neurodegenerative diseases but also in their early, prodromal, and preclinical phases, supporting that they precede (and contribute to) the development of neurodegeneration. This narrative review provides a brief overview of sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in neurodegeneration, highlights the bidirectional relationship between sleep changes and neurodegeneration, and addresses future perspectives, in particular, whether sleep changes are able to predict neurodegeneration and the potential sleep actionability to prevent or modulate the development of neurodegenerative diseases.

Sleep disorders in myotonic dystrophies.

Myotonic dystrophies (DM), the most common muscular dystrophies, are known to have significant sleep disturbances. We analyzed the literature on sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in DM over the past 30 years. In this review we provide a brief overview of sleep, sleep disorders, and methods of assessment. We also analyze data regarding major sleep disorders in DM patients, including: sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), with both central and obstructive sleep apneas (CSA,OSA); EDS; sleep-related movement disorders; and poor sleep quality. We review the possible pathogenesis of these disorders and outline management strategies. We also consider possible future avenues for research. The findings highlight the complex set of sleep-related problems, including the primary abnormality of sleep control in myotonic dystrophies. In individual patients the roles of poor sleep hygiene, SDB, primary hypersomnia, and excess fatigue require careful assessment for appropriate management.

Update on Sleep and Pulmonary Comorbidities in Psoriasis

The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of sleep and pulmonary comorbidities in patients with psoriasis and summarize important recent findings. Evidence continues to show that patients with psoriasis experience greater chronic sleep impairment when compared to healthy counterparts. In addition to other comorbidities seen in psoriasis patients, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have increased frequency in this population. Sleep and pulmonary comorbidities in psoriasis contribute to disease burden and impaired quality of life in psoriasis patients. The evaluation of sleep comorbidities is complicated by the overlap with other comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. Regardless, there is strong evidence to indicate an elevated prevalence of insomnia in psoriasis patients. A causal relationship between psoriasis and insomnia has yet to be determined. There is moderate evidence to suggest increased risk of developing OSA in psoriasis patients, even when accounting for increased BMI. Most studies on sleep impairment in psoriasis patients have used self-reported data, of which only a portion has been validated. As such, there is a need to better evaluate sleep dysfunction in psoriasis patients. Regarding pulmonary comorbidities, psoriasis patients are more likely to smoke compared to the general population, which complicates evaluation of risk of COPD, lung cancer, and pulmonary infections in this population.

An overview of sleep and circadian dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Sleep and circadian alterations are amongst the very first symptoms experienced in Parkinson's disease, and sleep alterations are present in the majority of patients with overt clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease. However, the magnitude of sleep and circadian dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, and its influence on the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease remains often unclear and a matter of debate. In particular, the confounding influences of dopaminergic therapy on sleep and circadian dysfunction are a major challenge, and need to be more carefully addressed in clinical studies. The scope of this narrative review is to summarise the current knowledge around both sleep and circadian alterations in Parkinson's disease. We provide an overview on the frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, restless legs, obstructive apnea and nocturia in Parkinson's disease, as well as addressing sleep structure, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and circadian features in Parkinson's disease. Sleep and circadian disorders have been linked to pathological conditions that are often co-morbid in Parkinson's disease, including cognitive decline, memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Therefore, targeting sleep and circadian alterations could be one of the earliest and most promising opportunities to slow disease progression. We hope that this review will contribute to advance the discussion and inform new research efforts to progress our knowledge in this field.

Overview of Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Infancy and Childhood.

Sleep in children is an important and dynamic process, affecting numerous aspects of health and development. Problems with sleep are relatively common but often can be challenging to recognize. This article reviews the fundamental aspects of sleep in children from infancy to adolescence, and the most common and relevant sleep disorders likely to be encountered in a general pediatric practice. Where available, current evidence-based recommendations for management are discussed, including indications for referral to a sleep specialist. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(4):e133-e138.].

Overview of sleep: the neurologic processes of the sleep-wake cycle.

Sleep problems are common in adults and should be treated to improve overall health and safety. To choose the best treatment for patients with sleep problems, clinicians should understand the sleep-wake cycle and the stages of rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep as well as the neurologic pathways of sleep and wake systems. The sleep- and wake-promoting systems are mutually inhibitory, with the predominantly active system determining if a person is awake or asleep. The orexin system also plays an important role in the stabilization of the sleep-wake cycle.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Sleep

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of sleep in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and focus on the treatment of the most common sleep disorders encountered by patients with PTSD: insomnia and nightmares. The effects of the standard treatments for PTSD are discussed along with a review of available treatments for insomnia and nightmares. Particular emphasis is placed on nonpharmacologic treatments for these sleep disorders and how they may be adapted for delivery to patients with PTSD.

Neurobiologic Mechanisms of Sleep and Wakefulness

Neurobiologic Mechanisms of Sleep and Wakefulness

高齢者の睡眠とヘルスプロモーション―快眠とストレス緩和のための習慣づくり―

This paper is an overview of sleep, lifestyle, mental, and physical health, and the characteristics of insomnia among the elderly. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the effects of the sleep management with actual examples of public health from the community. Sleep management that included short naps and exercise in the evening was effective in promoting sleep and mental health with elderly people. The interventions demonstrated that the proper awakening maintenance and keeping proper arousal level during the evening were effective in improving sleep quality. Furthermore, sleep management that included sleep education and cognitive-behavioral interventions improved sleep-related habits and the quality of sleep. In this study, a sleep educational program using minimal cognitive-behavioral modification techniques was developed. Mental and physical health were also improved along with improving sleep with the elderly. These results suggest that cognitive-behavioral interventions to improve the sleep practices are effective for mental health, the activity of daily living (ADL), and the quality of life (QOL).

Overview of sleep and sleep medicine in Asian countries

While there are a number of sleep medicine and sleep research publications in Asia, and their quality is increasing each year, the actual situation of sleep disorders in the general population still remains an issue of major concern. Scientists and medical doctors believe that, for the first time in history, the general lack of sleep could lead to a diminution of life expectancy. It is also known that, as people are working more and more and are more tired, they are more likely to become victims of accidents. Most of the time these incidents have little gravity, but sometimes they can cost thousands of innocent lives or contribute to disasters such as the Chernobyl nuclear plant explosion or the Bhopal gas tragedy. Based on the Asian Sleep Research Society Summit and Symposium Round Table held during the fall of 2009 on Okinawa, this review aims to give an accurate view of the actual situation of sleep research and medicine in Asia. The particular example of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome will illustrate the importance of sleep medicine in this part of the world. Finally, the actual situation will be discussed to elaborate some possible strategies to improve the sleep situation for Asian populations.

Sleep-wake disturbances in people with cancer part I: an overview of sleep, sleep regulation, and effects of disease and treatment.

To provide an overview of normal sleep, describe common sleep disorders, and discuss underlying sleep regulatory processes and how cancer, cancer treatment, and associated patient responses may adversely affect sleep. Published peer-reviewed articles and textbooks. The duration, structure, and timing of sleep have a profound impact on health, well-being, and performance. Patients with cancer may be at risk for disturbances in sleeping and waking resulting from disease- and nondisease-related circumstances that interfere with normal sleep regulation, including demographic, lifestyle, psychological, and disease- and treatment-related factors. Patients with cancer are at high risk for sleep-wake disturbances. An understanding of normal sleep, sleep pathology, and the factors that can precipitate sleep disturbance provides a context for nurses to interpret sleep complaints in their patients, evaluate responses to sleep-promoting interventions, and guide decision making regarding referrals.

Sleep health, lifestyle and mental health in the Japanese elderly: Ensuring sleep to promote a healthy brain and mind

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan proposed a plan called “Health Japan 21,” which adopted sleep as one of the specific living habits needing improvement. This has led to increased interest in mental health needs at community public health sites. In addition, it was reported from a recent 2000 survey that one in five Japanese, and one in three elderly Japanese, suffer from insomnia. Insomnia is becoming a serious social problem; so much so that alarm bells are ringing with insomnia listed as one of the refractory diseases of the 21st century. Against this background, in January 2001, Japan began a national project called “Establishing a Science of Sleep.” This article is an overview of sleep and health in the elderly, sleep mechanisms and the characteristics of insomnia among the elderly. At the same time, it introduces the scientific basis for lifestyle guidance that is effective for ensuring comfortable sleep, an essential condition for a healthy, energetic old age, with actual examples from community public health sites. The present authors reported that a short nap (30 min between 1300 and 1500 h) and moderate exercise such as walking in the evening are important in the maintenance and improvement of sleep quality. The study was to examine the effects of short nap and exercise on the sleep quality and mental health of elderly people. “Interventions” by short nap after lunch and exercise with moderate intensity in the evening were carried out for 4 weeks. After the “intervention,” wake time after sleep onset significantly decreased and sleep efficiency significantly increased, showing that sleep quality was improved. The frequency of nodding in the evening significantly decreased. As a result, the frequency of nodding before going to sleep decreased, and the quality of nocturnal sleep was improved. Present results demonstrated that the proper awakening maintenance during evening was effective in improving sleep quality. After the “intervention,” mental health also improved with improving sleep quality. Furthermore, physical health also improved with improving sleep quality. These results suggest that this “intervention” technique is effective for the quality of life (QOL) and the activity of daily living (ADL) of elderly people.

An Overview of Sleep as an Experimental Variable (1940-1959)

An Overview of Sleep as an Experimental Variable (1940-1959)

An Overview of Sleep as an Experimental Variable (1940-1959)

Less than one half of 1 percent of the psychological literature relates to sleep. Although there has been a relative decline in such research, the central nervous system and pathological aspects have recently received increased attention. The United States is producing less than 17 percent of the research on sleep.