Overview Of Food Research Articles

Virus detection methods for different kinds of food and water samples – The importance of molecular techniques

The microbiological safety of food and the environment in which we live is currently an intensely discussed topic. Increasing production and the demand-driven global market exert pressure on ensuring sufficient high-quality food and safe drinking water. Compared to the past, increased attention in this area is now paid to important viral agents associated with food/water contaminations in both intensive research and routine diagnostics. This interest in viral agents has also increased in recent years due to the ongoing global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus. Food- and water-borne viruses usually cause only mild and short-term diseases. The most common is gastroenteritis manifested by fever, vomiting and watery diarrhoea. However, in addition to mild febrile illness, these agents can also cause more serious conditions – respiratory infections, hepatitis, conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, encephalitis and paralysis. Globally, these diseases have significant economic impacts and are still among the leading causes of death in developing countries. This manuscript provides an overview of food- and water-borne viruses and technologies developed and currently used for their identification as causative agents. Methods for the detection of these pathogens represent an important tool for the assessment and mitigation of potential risks associated with the contamination of food and water resources. There is currently a wide range of possible approaches. Their use is differently targeted and their sensitivity, effectiveness and specificity also vary. In the case of a specific application, it is therefore necessary to choose the appropriate method, optimize it, and then verify its applicability and limits. The chosen method should be sufficiently robust, sensitive, specific and, if possible, also time and labor saving.

Foodways in Roman Republican Italy By Laura M. Banducci. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2021. Pp. 366. $85. ISBN 9780472132300 (cloth).

<i>Foodways in Roman Republican Italy</i> By Laura M. Banducci. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2021. Pp. 366. $85. ISBN 9780472132300 (cloth).

Hearing Health Care Delivery Outside the Booth

Purpose The purpose of this review article is to discuss how boothless audiometry may help address changes in hearing health care services and provide progressive tools to expand beyond traditional audiology clinic visits. The primary drivers for these changes include the COVID-19 pandemic, our aging population, comorbid effects of unidentified hearing loss, and the critical need for effective communication between patients and providers. This review article highlights key features and technical specifications of boothless audiometry, provides an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved boothless audiometry products, and describes how to leverage these products to increase access to hearing health services across the continuum of health care. Method Boothless audiometry literature was reviewed using PubMed and audiometry technology websites. FDA-approved boothless audiometry products were reviewed, and audiological features were categorized. Civilian and Department of Defense subject matter experts were consulted. Conclusions Boothless audiometry technology introduces opportunities for early audiometric assessment outside of the audiology clinic, in settings where traditional testing has been less possible, or even impossible, such as military environments, clinic waiting areas, schools, and nursing homes. This technology allows health care providers to identify individuals with significant hearing loss early and seek comprehensive services to prevent and treat hearing loss. By expanding the current hearing health care delivery model via boothless audiometry technology, the following benefits may be achieved, which can result in better outcomes overall: increased access to care, early identification and treatment of hearing loss, and reduced impact from the comorbid effects of hearing impairment.

An Overview of Food and Nutrition Security Situation of Kenya

Achieving food and nutrition security remains a challenge for Kenya, despite International bodies providing long-term active support in order to achieve it. Low technological capability, inefficient production systems, inconsistent economic growth, increasing population and lately climate variability, affect food production, leading to either stagnation or only modest gains in food and nutrition security in Kenya. Nevertheless, food and nutrition security continues to improve, albeit at a slow pace. The major drivers of the improvements are political stability, ambitious economic planning, the quest for higher agricultural productivity, improving educational achievement, sanitation and health. To accelerate the process, Kenya embraced Vision 2030, devolution of governance and resources to County Governments, and lately, the Big 4 Agenda. This overview examines the status of food and nutrition security in Kenya including the prospects and the challenges faced. The analysis provides specific recommendations for achieving it. These include investment in agriculture, decelerating population growth, using adaptive research to solve farmer-problems, improving the management of farmer-organizations and formation of cooperatives.

An Overview of Food and Drug Administration Medical Device Legislation and Interplay with Current Medical Practices.

Since the emergence of medical devices, legislation has been developed to allow the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee their development, marketing, and usage. This paper discusses the history of the FDA’s involvement in medical devices, current approval processes, and several case examples. Additionally, it discusses both short- and long-term effects with unexpected consequences to U.S. health care delivery.

HOW FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND DIETARY DIVERSITY INFLUENCE FOOD SECURITY: EVIDENCE FROM DI YOGYAKARTA AND EAST NUSA TENGGARA

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food is an essential need and its role is prominent to human life. In addition, food may have a positive contribution to develop human resources. According to Food Security Agency (Badan Ketahanan Pangan/ BKP), food consumption pattern should meet nutrition standards and follow desirable dietary pattern (Pola Pangan Harapan/ PPH). PPH indicates an overview of food that is consumed by people whether its contains good nutrient or not. This study aims to analyze food consumption pattern and dietary diversity in DI Yogyakarta and East Nusa Tenggara; and how they influence food security. The household data survey (Susenas) 2014 showed that PPH scores for DI Yogyakarta is higher than East Nusa Tenggara. From these scores, DI Yogyakarta has better food consumption pattern and leads to diverse food; in contrast, food consumption in East Nusa Tenggara has not lead to a healthy pattern. In DI Yogyakarta, people have been diversifying their consumption in accordance with the concept of PPH. This means that people have realized to meet their nutrition by consuming nutritious foods and help them not only to achieve food security but also nutrition security. Moreover, people have used local-based food to be consumed so that they do not depend on their current food. Whilst, in East Nusa Tenggara, people tend to meet their needs regardless their food has good nutrition or not. In addition, dietary diversity or PPH is influenced by some factors, such as education, family size, age of the household head, and expenditure.&lt;/em&gt; These results confirm that &lt;em&gt;diverse consumption pattern showed high food security and those factors should be concerned to improve the quality of food consumption. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Incremental or Radical Product Innovation: Overview of Food and Beverage Sector Small and Medium-Size Enterprises in Malaysia

Incremental or Radical Product Innovation: Overview of Food and Beverage Sector Small and Medium-Size Enterprises in Malaysia

The Tip of the Iceberg of Misleading Online Advertising Comment on "Trouble Spots in Online Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion: A Content Analysis of FDA Warning Letters".

Kim's overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory actions from 2005 to 2014 is a comprehensive analysis of the US regulatory experience with online direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines. This experience is of relevance internationally as online DTCA reaches the English-speaking public globally, despite the illegality of DTCA in most countries. The most common violations were omissions or minimizations of risk information, overstatements of efficacy, unsubstantiated claims, and promotion of unapproved ("off-label") use. Nearly one fourth of violations involved cancer drugs, raising additional concerns about patient vulnerability, limited treatment advance, and high costs. Based on content analyses of online DTCA, these cases likely reflect a small proportion of unbalanced and misleading promotional information available on the web. The FDA is only able to review a small proportion of promotional materials submitted to them, due to limited staffing, and the delay between first posting and regulatory action means that many people may be exposed to messages that are found to be inaccurate and misleading. The sheer volume of online DTCA, combined with the ability for content to shift continually, poses unique regulatory challenges.

Overview of food and mood disorders

Overview of food and mood disorders

Changing Rice Bowl: Economic Development and Diet in China (review)

Reviewed by: Changing Rice Bowl: Economic Development and Diet in China Jack F. Williams (bio) Elizabeth J. Leppman . Changing Rice Bowl: Economic Development and Diet in China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2005. viii, 220 pp. Hardcover $35.00, ISBN 962-209-723-5. Elizabeth Leppman, a geographer at St. Cloud State University, Minnesota, has given us a valuable contribution to the literature on Chinese food and agriculture that should appeal to a broad audience, laypeople as well as specialists. Almost everyone loves Chinese food, but probably few really know much about it beyond what they order in a Chinese restaurant. One school of thought claims there are only two great cuisines in the world-French in the West and Chinese in the East-and all other cuisines are secondary. Be that as it may, there is no question about the rich tradition and variety of Chinese food, and the extremely important role that food has long played in Chinese culture. Hence, anyone wanting to more fully understand the nature of Chinese culture, past and present, and the changes that have taken place in China in recent decades would find their time well spent in reading Leppman's interesting and scholarly study, Changing Rice Bowl: Economic Development and Diet in China. This is a relatively slim volume, just over 160 pages in the main text, but it packs a lot of information along with many very useful maps, graphs, and figures, even a few photographs taken by the author. There are seven chapters. After a brief introductory chapter, chapter 2 introduces some theoretical considerations related to culture and food and the contrasts between urban and rural settings, particularly in China. In this regard, the book is partly an examination of the process of urbanization in China in the People's Republic of China era, and of how that process has impacted food and diet. The emphasis in chapter 2, though, is on the broader realm beyond just China, and "the mechanisms by which individuals and cultures select what they regard as appropriate foods from the vast array that is available" (p. 5). Then, using a materialist, cultural-ecological approach, the author introduces the Chinese diet specifically and the foods that make up that diet. Chapter 3 looks at the Chinese dietary regime in greater depth and the role that various foods play in that regime, particularly rice and other grains, vegetables, meats, fruits, and drinks. As China grows economically, people's food habits also change-especially urban dwellers-toward less grain and more meat, vegetables, even dairy products. A brief section traces the evolution of the typical Chinese diet through the ages, in particular the twentieth century and into the PRC era. Chapter 4 goes into some other theoretical considerations related to urbanization, systems of cities, and regional development, including some of the models of T. G. McGee, to which Leppman tries to add. The relationship between [End Page 457] China's post-1949 development and changes in diet are examined, including rural/ urban contrasts. Graphs and tables in this section provide detailed data on the changes and quality of the Chinese diet. Perhaps the most original parts of the book, and in some ways the most interesting, are chapters 5 and 6. The author spent a year doing fieldwork in parts of Liaoning Province in the early 1990s (Shenyang and surrounding areas), and she uses that province and her experiences there as a case study illustrating the broader changes taking place in food and agriculture in China as a whole. Chapter 5 thus begins as a basic regional geography of Liaoning, starting with an overview of its physical and human geography and the province's development in recent decades. Then the author goes into an overview of food and diet in the province, including consumption patterns. In recent literature on China, this is probably one of the most detailed analyses focused on food, urbanization, and development that is based heavily on firsthand data of an individual province. Chapter 6 complements the previous chapter by focusing in on households in Liaoning and their food consumption patterns. The author carried out interviews and surveys of some 250 families in 1994...

An overview of Food and Drug Administration regulation of drugs, biologics, and devices to be used for management of periodontal diseases.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been actively involved in assuring the safety and effectiveness of medical products since 1906. The FDA was granted increased authority to regulate drugs in 1938 and devices in 1976. The regulatory requirements for marketing in the United States vary according to the type of product and the degree of risk associated with it. One route to the market is through the premarket notification [510(kappa)] process in which devices are evaluated according to their substantial equivalence to devices marketed prior to May 28, 1976. Many devices specifically intended to treat periodontal conditions have progressed through the 510(kappa) process based on their substantial equivalence to predicate devices. In some cases manufacturers have needed to provide clinical data in the form of Investigational Device Exemptions (IDE) to support an equivalence determination. Certain devices with indications for use in periodontal evaluation or therapy, specifically, those determined by FDA to be not substantially equivalent to legally marketed devices, require Premarket Approval Applications (PMA). For new drug products, clinical trials are carried out under an approved Investigational New Drug Application (IND). Application for approval for marketing is requested through a New Drug Application. Data from clinical trials conducted outside the United States may be considered by the FDA in support of the safety and effectiveness of the product. The FDA is continually developing and updating guidance documents and guidelines to assist manufacturers in gaining clearance/approval to market new products.

Central Venous Catheters: An Overview of Food and Drug Administration Activities

This article presents an overview of recent Food and Drug Administration issues pertaining to central venous catheters (CVCs) with emphasis on the CVC working group. Caveats for practitioners concerning CVC use are offered.