Overtime Hours Research Articles

TIME ACCELERATION ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL COST OF HOSPITAL HOSPITAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON SHIP BUILDING USING CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CASE STUDY: PT. PAL INDONESIA (PERSERO))

Hospital Auxiliary Ship is an Indonesian Navy ship produced by PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero). The construction of this BRS ship was very time consuming and one of the main parts of the ship building project was the construction of the hull structure. In relation to time and production costs, the shipyard must be as efficient as possible in the use of time in each activity or activity, so that costs can be minimized from the original plan. Acceleration of the total duration in a project is done by accelerating critical activities in the project. To find out which are the critical activities of a project, the Critical Path Method (CPM) technique is used; namely by drawing a Network Diagram of the project. By using the CPM method in scheduling a ship hull construction project, it can be seen which activities should take precedence so as not to experience delays and waste. After that, the crashing method is carried out by increasing work hours (overtime) which aims to speed up the time of the project. The results of research for activities that are in the initial critical path with the CPM method can be seen as activities A, C, H, M, R, W, AB, AC, AD, AI, AP, AT, BA, BJ, BN. After accelerating, the critical path activities include activities A, C, H, M, R, W, X, AC, AD, AI, AP, AT, BA, BH, BO. Calculation of the project during initial conditions with Early working days without using overtime hours PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) costs Rp. 5,299,631,000, - while the Crashing Method is through the addition of 1 hour / day overtime so that the project implementation can be accelerated from the initial implementation of 450 days to 412 days and PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero) issued a project cost of Rp. 5,323,752,480, -.
 
 Keywords: Hospital Support Ship, Scheduling, CPM, Crashing.

Optimization of Flow Shop Scheduling in Precast Concrete Component Production via Mixed‐Integer Linear Programming

The increasing number of prefabrication projects has increased the demand for precast concrete (PC) components. The production cost of PC components significantly affects the development of the precast industry and the progress of prefabrication projects. To reduce the production cost, both the delivery delay time and component storage time must be reduced. Flow‐arrangement optimization is generally performed using the genetic algorithm. However, this method cannot always yield a perfect optimal solution. Moreover, the traditional optimization model does not consider the impact of the overtime hours of workers on the project costs. In this study, a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model was developed to optimize the production scheduling by minimizing the storage and delay times. The total delay time for the components was reduced by 55.3%, from 3.8 to 1.7 h, and the total storage time for finished components was reduced by 20.3%, from 6.4 to 5.1 h. Then, the use of the MILP model was extended to optimize the production scheduling by minimizing overtime. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of MILP were verified by comparing the results. The total overtime decreased by approximately 24.5%, from 11.5 to 9.3 h. It has been demonstrated that the proposed MILP model can achieve a better production sequence with less overtime. The findings of this research can be deployed in optimizing efficiency in the real‐life scheduling of production sequence.

The Multi-Depot Cumulative Vehicle Routing Problem With Mandatory Visit Times and Minimum Delayed Latency

This paper introduces a novel variant of the cumulative vehicle routing problem (CCVRP) that deals with home health care (HHC) logistics. It includes multiple nonfixed depots and emergency trips from patients to the closest depot. The aim is to minimize the system’s delayed latency by satisfying mandatory visit times. Delayed latency corresponds to caregivers’ total overtime hours worked while visiting patients. A new mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to address this problem. Computational experiments, with more than 165 new benchmark instances, are carried out using the CPLEX and Gurobi MIP solvers. The results indicate that patients’ geographical distribution directly impacts the complexity of the problem. An analysis of the model parameters proves that instances with more depots/vehicles or longer workdays are significantly easier to solve than are original cases. The results show that Gurobi outperforms CPLEX in 55% of the instances analyzed, while CPLEX performs better in only 16% of them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first VRP that minimizes delayed latency and the first HHC routing study to use a cumulative objective function.

Government Procurement and Wage Theft

Wage theft is the largest form of theft committed in the U.S. Typical violations related to wage theft include the lack of payment for overtime hours or forcing employees to underreport hours worked. We find that government contracting has an important effect on firm employees as it reduces wage theft. The reduction in wage theft is due to improvements in reporting and monitoring. Firms with government contracts have less restatements and the effect is stronger for contracts that are subject to increased government oversight. Finally, in order to mitigate endogeneity concerns we perform differences-in-differences identification tests based on first time contractors and the Obama Administration government contracting reform. This study contributes to extant literature examining the consequences of government contracting.

TRANSPARÊNCIA PASSIVA DAS PREFEITURAS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

This study aimed to understand how compliance with the guidelines contained in the Access to Information Law (LAI) is carried out by the executive powers of the municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The State of Rio de Janeiro has an amount of 92 cities throughout its territory. Three requests were made with low, medium and high levels of demand and difficulty, respectively: digital copy of the Budget Guidelines Law (LDO), including all annexes; the collection of the Urban Property and Land Tax (IPTU) over the last ten years; and, the total of overtime hours worked by professionals placed in the Mayor's Office, with the respective amount paid during the year. Of the total number of municipalities, in 84 (91.30%) complete answers were not obtained: in 9 (9.78%) city halls it was not possible to send the request, while for 75 (81.52%) city halls this sending was not possible. it was possible, but there was no return, or it was unsatisfactory. Already 8 (8.70%) city halls retrieve everything that was requested. Non-compliance with the regulations was noticed in most city halls, in different ways, either due to problems in the digital routing, or due to no problem with returning the requests in which the submission was possible, or in other words, regarding the type of content required. Thus, it is clear that the posture adopted by the municipalities reveals that the passive behavior towards the requested requests has not yet been institutionalized, with a gap between a concrete conduct and a prescribed norm.

Manufacturing Plant Layout Improvement: Case study of a High-Temperature Heat Treatment Tooling Manufacturer in Northeast Indiana

As the number of competitors in the global marketplace is increasing very fast, it is essential for companies to reduce their lead-time to be sustainable game players. The objectives of this research are to a) improve the layout of a job shop production plant and b) enhance the flow of material from one station to another station to reduce lead times and enhance energy management. This paper focuses on a high-temperature heat treatment tooling manufacturer located in Northeast Indiana, USA. It found that the facility layout at the company was not optimal and over the past several decades, machines and equipment have been purchased and placed wherever there was room to place them. There was a significant amount of materials that are being back-tracked and moved by personnel, ultimately taking longer to produce the parts. The overall aspect of this research was to come up with an efficient robust system to improve the material flow throughout the manufacturing process and to ultimately reduce lead times to improve customers’ satisfaction and enhance energy management. For this purpose, the collective system design methodology integrated with systematic layout planning technique is applied to recognize systems’ needs and find possible scenarios based on activity relationships analysis, adjacency of operations, and total closeness ratings. Through the relationship activity diagram, the importance of adjacency among operations was assessed. Analysis on minimizing the travel distance and material handling along with conducted energy assessments verified that there are significant reductions in feet travelled per day and substantial increases in energy savings. Implementing such a layout improvement project resulted in a 16.66 % up to 33% reduction in lead-time of products (heat treating baskets), significant decreases in weekly overtime hours, and considerable enhancements in energy usage.

Safe working hours of drivers in underground coal mine pumping stations based on intelligent prediction

Underground coal mine operation should avoid overtime or continuous working hours too long, otherwise easy to increase fatigue, increase the physiological and psychological burden of operators, resulting in accidents. How to prevent operator fatigue and unsafe behavior is the focus of current research in the industry and academia. It is an effective means to reduce physical and mental injury and accident rate caused by bad working environment to pump station drivers through reasonable arrangement of working time. In this study, the field measured physiological index data of a mine face pump station driver in Henan province, China were taken as an example, and the sensitive physiological indexes such as systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate of the underground pump station driver were calculated by using the grey predictive model GM (1,1). The warning range of each index was determined, and the safe working hours of the pump station driver was predicted. The results show that, according to the principle of minimum value triggered by threshold value of physiological indexes, the reasonable safe working hours of pump station drivers in fully mechanized mining face is 5.7 hours. The conclusion shows that the quantitative study of safe working hours provides a reference for the reasonable arrangement of working time and has a certain guiding significance for the reduction of human error and safe production.

Employee Management System

Employee management system is an application based system, having two applications developed, one for employers to manage employee details and another for employees to mark their attendance. Every organisation whether government or private uses an information system[2.] to store data of their staff. However, in India it is found that many small scale industries use pen and paper to keep a record. However, there are many advanced technology systems available that can do this work but they all are costly for these low level industries. This paper discusses making a system for solving problems for them at a cheaper cost. This system will mark attendance of each employee and calculate the salary of them at the end of month. It also calculates overtime and total working hours of each employee. As in small scale each company has their own holidays preference and variable week off for employees, so all this power is given to the employer to manage holidays and week days of each employee separately. It saves lots of time and has no error in pay calculation hence preventing clashes between HR Team and employees. So that both employer and employee can focus on their work to develop their company.

Precarious Times at Work: Detrimental Hours and Scheduling in Illinois and How Fair Workweek Policies Will Improve Workers' Well-Being

Work hours and scheduling matter for the well-being of those employed throughout the state in Illinois, perhaps now more than ever. Before Chicago implemented the Fair Workweek ordinance (FWW) in July 2020, we issued a large-scale, geographically, and demographically representative survey of workers throughout Illinois, at the end of 2019, of over 3,000 employed. This survey provides a portrait of at least eight dimensions of work hours and schedules, their distribution by type of job and worker and across 23 different industries - those covered by Chicago’s ordinance and those uncovered. It tests empirically for their association with five indicators of workers’ well-being by focusing on: Wanting more hours (underemployment, hours inadequacy); Least to most hours worked (variability or instability); Irregular shift times; On-call work; Short advance notice of schedule; Schedules set by employer with little to no input from workers; Schedules changing after posting; and Overtime hours that are mandatory.

Pengurangan Biaya Produksi Dengan Mengurangi Hari Kerja (Studi Kasus: PT. HDD Muka Kuning)

This research was conducted at PT. HDD, which is a Japanese PMA and is engaged in manufacturing HDD (Hard Disk Drive) components. On mid of August 2020, customer of PT. HDD revise the order quantity. Customer reduce order quantity from August to December 2020.With the phenomenon of decreasing orders, it is necessary to make efforts to reduce production costs. By reducing production costs, it is expected that the company will get profit. Reduction of production costs is carried out on labor costs and utility costs (water and electricity). To achieve this goal, management established 5 policies so that labor costs and utility costs (electricity and water) were reduced.The policies taken relate to eliminating / controlling overtime hours, stop contract employees and not recruit new employees, moving employees from the excess employee section to the understaffed section, reducing days work for 3 days (done in September 2020) and reduce work days by 2 days (done in October 2020).

Effects of Work Environments and Occupational Fatigue on Care Left Undone in Rotating Shift Nurses.

This study aimed to examine the effects of work environments and occupational fatigue on care left undone in rotating shift nurses, and to identify the indirect (mediation) effect of work environments on care left undone through nurses' occupational fatigue in South Korean acute care hospitals. This study employed a cross-sectional design using an online survey to collect data from 488 rotating shift nurses of acute care hospitals in Korea between November and December 2018. A mobile schedule management application for shift nurses was used to advertise the study and to send a link to the online survey. The survey included questions on the nurses' work environment characteristics, care left undone activities, and the Korean version of the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery scale. Poisson regression was used to explore the relationships among work environments, occupational fatigue, and care left undone. Hayes' Model 4 and a bootstrapping analysis were used to identify the mediating effect of occupational fatigue on the relationship between work environments and care left undone. The average number of tasks left undone was 3.45 (SD = 2.19). The higher the acute and chronic fatigue levels noted among nurses, the higher were the occurrences of care left undone. Conversely, the higher the intershift recovery level, the lower were the occurrences of care left undone. The results showed a positive relationship between care left undone and overtime hours and the number of patients per nurse. Moreover, nurses' occupational fatigue mediated the relationship between work environments and care left undone. Night shifts per month and the number of consecutive days off had an indirect effect on care left undone through occupational fatigue. High levels of occupational fatigue and poor intershift recovery among nurses can lead to care left undone. Nurses' occupational fatigue mediates the effect of work environment on care left undone. It is crucial for healthcare administrators and leaders to develop policies and mandatory regulations to facilitate better working conditions for nurses, consequently reducing their occupational fatigue and decreasing the occurrence of care left undone in acute care hospitals.

Pengendalian Waktu Pembangunan Jalan Poros Desa Ruas Kedungprahu- Sukowiyono

Abstract— The road is a vital tool for the village community where the majority of their livelihood is as a farmer. Increasing the economy in the village is not only determined from agricultural yields but also determined by supporting facilities and infrastructure such as road repair. The road construction process with a long duration of time will certainly hamper the performance of the farmers which has an impact on declining income. Therefore it is necessary to control the working time on the Construction of the Village Axis Road Kedungprahu-Sukowiyono so that work can be completed as quickly as possible without reducing the quality of road pavement work. In this study we use the CPM (Critical Parth Method) method in evaluating the scheduling of the Kedungprahu-Sukowiyono road segment construction project. With the CPM (Critical Parth Method) Method we can find out the critical paths and non-critical paths. The results of the study of controlling the time of construction of the village road axis of the Kedungprahu-Sukowiyono section were accelerated on the critical path. Savings of funds amounted to 1,723,879.68, there was no change in the critical path after accelerating the project with the addition of overtime hours, the implementation time from 60 days to 55 days. Keywords—: Time control; road; kedungprahu.

Presenteeism among workers: health-related factors, work-related factors and health literacy.

Presenteeism is an important factor in workers' health. However, few studies have examined how variables such as socio-economic status, health status, workplace status and health literacy correlate with and affect presenteeism. To assess the correlates of presenteeism with a focus on health-related factors, work-related factors and health literacy. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2914 Japanese workers from one company. We used a self-administered questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, health status, work environment, presenteeism and health literacy. Forty-one per cent of participants were under 40 years of age and 70% were male. We found that 59% of the participants were at high risk of presenteeism. Presenteeism was associated with sex, age, household income, marital status, health-related factors (i.e. self-rated health status, dietary choices, exercise habits), work-related factors (i.e. workplace support, job demands, job control) and health literacy. Logistic regression analyses indicated that presenteeism was associated with self-rated health status, overtime hours, workplace support, job demands, job control and health literacy after adjusting for sex, age and income. Health-related factors, work-related factors and health literacy are all associated with presenteeism. Improving the workplace environment, especially factors such as overtime working hours, workplace support, job demands and job control, and increasing health literacy may reduce presenteeism among general office workers.

Sleep Quality and Correlated Factors among Retired Nurses in the North-east of Iran

People in occupations with an extreme amount of stress, such as nursing, suffer from poor physical and mental health after retirement. This study was aimed at evaluating sleep quality scores and their correlates among retired nurses in the north-east of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 302 retired nurses in public hospitals of north-east Iran between April and May 2018. The data were collected using the Persian Version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a valid and reliable scale to evaluate sleep quality among Iranian people through phone calls. The mean age of subjects was 56.6 ±4.6 and 66.9% were female. Altogether 82.7% of retired nurses had poor sleep quality. According to multiple regression analysis, males had a significantly better overall sleep quality compared to females. Participants with evening and rotational shifts had a significantly lower sleep quality as compared to those working in the morning shift. Subjects suffering from musculoskeletal diseases, cardiovascular diseases (and a combination) had substantially poorer sleep quality as compared to those with no comorbidity. Findings suggest that Iranian retired nurses do not have good sleep quality. Health systems and their managers play an important role in preparing nurses for retirement. They can reduce post-retirement complications by designing a normal employee work schedule, increasing the nursing workforce when needed, and preventing overwork and long?term overtime hours.

Policies Restricting Overlapping Surgeries Negatively Impact Access to Care, Clinical Efficiency, and Hospital Revenue: A Forecasting Model for Surgical Scheduling.

To model the financial impact of policies governing the scheduling of overlapping surgeries, and to identify optimal solutions that maximize operating efficiency that satisfy the fiduciary duty to patients. Hospitals depend on procedural revenue to maintain financial health as the recent pandemic has revealed. Proposed policies governing the scheduling of overlapping surgeries may dramatically impact hospital revenue. To date, the potential financial impact has not been modeled. A linear forecasting model based on a logic matrix decision tree enabled an analysis of surgeon productivity annualized over a fiscal year. The model applies procedural and operational variables to policy constraints limiting surgical scheduling. Model outputs included case and financial metrics modeled over 1000-surgeon-year simulations. case metrics included annual case volume, case mix, operating room (OR) utilization, surgeon utilization, idle time, and staff overtime hours. Financial outputs included annual revenue, expenses, and contribution margin. The model was validated against surgical data. case and financial metrics decreased as a function of increasingly restrictive scheduling scenarios, with the greatest contribution margin loses ($1,650,000 per surgeon-year) realized with the introduction of policies mandating that a second patient could not enter the OR until the critical portion of the first surgery was completed. We identify an optimal scheduling scenario that maximizes surgeon efficiency, minimizes OR idle time and revenue loses, and satisfies ethical obligations to patients. Hospitals may expect significant financial loses with the introduction of policies restricting OR scheduling. We identify an optimal solution that maximizes efficiency while satisfying ethical duty to patients. This forecast is immediately relevant to any hospital system that depends upon procedural revenue.

Implementation of Labor Overtime Protection of PT Hwaseung Indonesia

This study is based on the legal problems of the workforce who work overtime hours at PT Hwaseung Indonesia. This research uses empirical juridical law research methods aimed at analyzing the implementation of legal protection of overtime work of PT Hwaseung Indonesia. Legal protection at PT HWI has not been fully implemented in accordance with Article 78 letter b of the Employment Law No.13 of 2003 that is, overtime work can be done a maximum of 3 hours in 1 day, and 14 hours in 1 week. Kepmen. No. 233 / MEN / 2003 allows its employees to work beyond the provisions of Law No. 13 In 2003, the original work was done according to the type and nature must be continuous. Although there are violations of overtime hours, the implementation of legal protection against workers beyond overtime has been done by PT. HWI, that is, by requesting the consent of workers before committing overtime and providing overtime wages. It is hoped that through this research will be found new ideas of thought that are useful for the Indonesian Ministry of Transport. Where the results of the research can be used as an indicator in conducting labor surveillance, in order to find ideas on how labor regulations play a greater role for the human rights of workers.

Impact of lean implementation from the ergonomics view: A research article

In the developed industries, it has been demonstrated that the efficient incorporation of Ergonomics in procedures and facilities reduces expenses associated with disability, additional or overtime hours, health care, premiums or incident fines. The Lean tools are complicated and beneficial but it can cause Ergonomics problems with promising modifications. Human wealth, the most significant component in an organisation, often feels the essence of the issues. The objective of this job was to evaluate current science understanding on the effect of implementing Lean manufacturing tools from the point of perspective of Ergonomics in manufacturing sectors. This study informs, based on the literature reviewed, how the incorporation of the ethics of both Lean tools and Ergonomics from the plan stage of the workplace can carry advantage to the safety of the employees and at the same time to increase the power of efficiency improvements. This article as well aims to precede trends and possibilities in this field for upcoming studies.

Developing Schedule With Linear Programming (Case Study: STTF II Project Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran)

Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran Project is one of the projects implemented by one of the companies engaged in telecommunications. In its implementation, each project including Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran has a time limit specified in the contract. Project scheduling is an important role in predicting both the cost and time in a project. Every project should be able to complete the project before or just in the time specified in the contract. Delay in a project can be anticipated by accelerating the duration of completion by using the crashing method with the application of linear programming. Linear programming will help iteration in the calculation of crashing because if linear programming not used, iteration will be repeated. The objective function in this scheduling is to minimize the cost. This study aims to find a trade-off between the costs and the minimum time expected to complete this project. The acceleration of the duration of this study was carried out using the addition of 4 hours of overtime work, 3 hours of overtime work, 2 hours of overtime work, and 1 hour of overtime work. The normal time for this project is 35 days with a service fee of Rp. 52,335,690. From the results of the crashing analysis, the alternative chosen is to add 1 hour of overtime to 34 days with a total service cost of Rp. 52,375,492. This acceleration will affect the entire project because there are 33 different locations worked on Shift to The Front II and if all these locations can be accelerated then the duration of completion of the entire project will be effective

Predicting intensive care unit bed occupancy for integrated operating room scheduling via neural networks

AbstractIn a master surgery scheduling (MSS) problem, a hospital's operating room (OR) capacity is assigned to different medical specialties. This task is critical since the risk of assigning too much or too little OR time to a specialty is associated with overtime or deficit hours of the staff, deferral or delay of surgeries, and unsatisfied—or even endangered—patients. Most MSS approaches in the literature focus only on the OR while neglecting the impact on downstream units or reflect a simplified version of the real‐world situation. We present the first prediction model for the integrated OR scheduling problem based on machine learning. Our three‐step approach focuses on the intensive care unit (ICU) and reflects elective and urgent patients, inpatients and outpatients, and all possible paths through the hospital. We provide an empirical evaluation of our method with surgery data for Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, a German tertiary care hospital with 1700 beds. We show that our model outperforms a state‐of‐the‐art model by 43% in number of predicted beds. Our model can be used as supporting tool for hospital managers or incorporated in an optimization model. Eventually, we provide guidance to support hospital managers in scheduling surgeries more efficiently.

Project Acceleration of Outside Plant-Fiber Optic (OSP-FO) Project in PT. XYZ Using Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) Method by Adding Overtime Hours

Various things can occur in the implementation of a construction project that could lead an increase implementation time so that the completion of the project tends to be delayed or not according to plan. The OSP-FO Project was chosen as a case study because of the 3rd license party is not released yet from 5th July 2018 until entered May, 2019. The project is not having production work for more than 6 weeks and the status of the project is become on hold project. Therefore, it is necessary to renew the schedule and accelerate the project when the license is release. Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method is a schedule compression to get a project that is more profitable in terms of time (duration), cost, and income. The goal is to compress projects with acceptable duration and minimize the total cost of the project by selecting critical activities with adding optimum working hours for 3 hours per day. From the results of the analysis, the optimum cost is Rp. 22,397,932,645,- and the optimum duration is 292 days, so that the cost efficiency is Rp. 91,596,790 or 0,0041% and the time efficiency is 78 days or 0.2110%.