Overseas Traders Research Articles

Adoption of Enabling E-Commerce Technologies for Indonean SMEs

E-commerce is classified as Business-to-Business (B2B), Business-to-Consumer (B2C) and Consumer-to- Consumer (C2C) based on the available relation between potential buyers and sectors. The three significant classifications have developed significantly in tandem with the advancement of technology. However, B2B seems to report significant growth than the remaining two classifications. In this paper, a review of e-commerce (B2B marketplace e-commerce) has been done with reference to Indonesian SMEs. This study found that Indonesian Small and Medium- sized Enterprises (SMEs) were not proficient in using B2B e-commerce to its full potential. The following recommendations to the government and nonprofits in Indonesia that might be helpful to small and medium enterprises have been detailed in this paper: (a) Trainings and educational programs associated with the implementation of e- commerce include the creation of company websites, participation in B2B e-commerce, and the employment of e-media in connecting with prospective buyers or overseas traders. Trainings and educational programs that b) teach participants how to connect successfully (through electronic media) with overseas business partners and prospective purchasers are also common.

Political Turmoil: Early Modern British Literature in Transition, 1623–1660. Edited by Stephen B. Dobranski. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xvi+365.

<i>Political Turmoil: Early Modern British Literature in Transition, 1623–1660</i>. Edited by Stephen B. Dobranski. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xvi+365.

Bodies of the plant and Animal Kingdom: An illustrated manuscript on materia medica in the Netherlands (ca. 1800)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAround 1800, Amsterdam was a global trade hub for materia medica of Dutch, European and exotic origin. Contemporary knowledge on medicinal plants in academic circles has been well documented in local pharmacopoeia, illustrated herbals and catalogues of botanic gardens. Until the end of the ancient regime, physicians, surgeons and apothecaries were trained how to use plants in their specific guild or Collegium Medicum. Little is known, however, on how the plant collectors and merchants that provided the pharmaceutical substances to apothecaries learnt to recognise the variety of medicinal products. Aim of the studyTo analyse the content, origin, purpose and scientific importance of an anonymous, undated, hand-written Dutch manuscript on materia medica, entitled Corpora ex Regno Vegetabili/Animali (Bodies of the Plant/Animal kingdom) kept by the Artis Library of the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Materials and methodsWe digitised the entire manuscript and dated the paper by means of its watermark. We identified the plant and animal species using the historic Dutch and Latin names, the illustrations and historic literature. We compared the plant properties and uses to contemporary literature to check whether the information in the manuscript was original or copied from another source. ResultsThe paper was produced between 1759 and 1816 in Zaandam, the Netherlands. The manuscript contains 19 substances of animal origin, one mineral and 273 plants and plant-derived products, which belong to ca. 260 species. While most plants are native or cultivated in the Netherlands, 111 plant entries (105 spp.) represent exotic products, imported from as far as Madagascar and Australia. A total of 134 illustrations were cut out from a 1549 Dutch edition of the New Herbal by Leonhard Fuchs (1543), but only 69% correspond to the correct species. The manuscript contains detailed descriptions on growth locations, field characteristics, flowering season, provenance and quality of the medicinal products, including methods to detect forgery. The author mostly described humoral properties of the plants rather than listing medicinal recipes. We did not find evidence that he copied his texts from other sources, but the Dutch and Latin names correspond largely with the Amsterdam pharmacopoeia from 1795. ConclusionsThe author's extensive knowledge on trade names, quality and origin of materia medica and his refrain from using literature suggests he could have been a merchant, an intermediary between herb cultivators, overseas traders and apothecaries. This manuscript offers a unique insight in the global trade in medicinal products and the circulation of knowledge in non-academic circles around 1800.

Cross-cultural bead encounters at the Red Sea port site of Berenike, Egypt. preliminary assessment (seasons 2009–2012)

A macroscopic analysis of the bead and pendant assemblage from Berenike (excavated in seasons 2009–2012) provides not only a preliminary bead typology and chronology, but contributes to the study of the multicultural character of the Red Sea port of Berenike from the Ptolemaic through the early Byzantine period. The presence of diverse marine and terrestrial organics, semiprecious stones and manmade materials used in crafting beads indicates a substantial supply from coastal and inland desert dwellers, as well as from overland and overseas traders. Part of the products found at Berenike must have been designated for permanent and temporary residents of the town. Other objects originated from, or were destined for African, Arabian or Asian markets.

Women Overseas Traders in Sixteenth-Century Scotland

Women Overseas Traders in Sixteenth-Century Scotland

Book Review: Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653

Book Review: Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653. Robert Brenner

<i>Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653</i>. Robert Brenner

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1650.

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1650.

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653. By Robert Brenner. Court Patronage and Corruption in Early Stuart England. By Linda Levy Peck. Civil War and Restoration in Three Stuart Kingdoms. The Career of Randal MacDonnell, Marquis of Antrim, 1609–83. By Jane H. Ohlmeyer. Justice Upon Petition. The House Of Lords and the Reformation of Justice 1621–1675. By James S. Hart. Proceedings in Parliament, 1628: vol. V, Lords Proceedings in 1628; vol. VI, Appendices and Index. Edited by Mary Freer Keeler, Maija Jansson Cole, and William B. Bidwell.Not Peace but a Sword: The Political Theology offhe English Revolution. By Stephen Baskerville. Politics Under the Later Stuarts. Party Conflict in a Divided Society 1660–1715. By Tim Harris.(Studies in Modem History.) The Making of a Great Power: Late Stuart and Early Georgian Britain, 1660–1722. By Geoffrey Holmes.(Foundations of Modern Britain.) The Age of Oligarchy: Pre‐Industrial Britain, 1722–1783. By Geoffrey Holmes and Daniel Szechi.(Foundations of Modern Britain.) The Augustan Court: Queen Anne and the Decline of Court Culture. By R. O. Bucholz. A Patriot Press. National Politics and the London Press in the 1740s. By Robert Harris.(Oxford Historical Monographs.) The Insatiable Earl. A Life Of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. By N. A. M.Rodger.

:Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653

:<i>Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653</i>

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:C. M. Woolgar, ed., Household accounts from medieval EnglandDavid Gary Shaw, The creation of a community: the city of Wells in the middle agesMark Bailey, ed., The bailiffs'minute book of Dunwich, 1404‐1430Robert Brenner, Merchants and revolution: commercial change, political conflict, and London's overseas traders, 1550‐1653John Hatcher, The history of the British coal industry, 1: Before 1700: towards the age of coalKenneth Morgan, Bristol and the Atlantic trade in the eighteenth centuryMaurice W. Kirby, The origins of railway enterprise: the Stockton and Darlington Railway, 1821‐1863D. C. M. Platt, with A. J. H. Latham and Ranald Michie, Decline and recovery in Britain's overseas trade, 1873‐1913Nick Tiratsoo and Jim Tomlinson, Industrial efficiency and state intervention: Labour, 1939‐1951Rodney Lowe, The welfare state in Britain since 1945Ben Fine, Women's employment and the capitalist familyRoger Magraw, A history of the French working class, is‘The age of artisan revolution, 1815‐1871′ (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992. Pp. Xi + 301. £40); II: Workers and the bourgeois republic, 1871‐1939 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992. Pp. Vi + 330. £40)Ulrich Wengenroth, Enterprise and technology; the German and British steel industries, 1865‐1895Joseph Harrison, The Spanish economy: from the Civil War to the European CommunityLenard R. Berlanstein, ed., The industrial revolution and work in nineteenth‐century EuropeP. C. Emmer and M. Morner, eds., European expansion and migration: essays on the inter‐continental migration from Africa, Asia and EuropeDavid W. Ellwood, Rebuilding Europe: Western Europe, America and postwar reconstructionRobert E. Gallman and John Joseph Wallis, eds., American economic growth and standards of living before the Civil WarChristopher J. Schmitz, The growth of big business in the United States and Western Europe, 1850‐1939Michael D. Bordo and Barry J. Eichengreen, eds., A retrospective on the Bretton Woods system: lessons for international monetary reformS. A. M. Adshead, Salt and civilizationDavid Grigg, The transformation of agriculture in the west

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653.

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653.

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653

"Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653." History: Reviews of New Books, 22(3), pp. 121–122

Early Modern

The Early Reformation in Europe. Edited by Andrew Pettigree Patronage and Institutions: Science, Technology and Medicine at the European Court, 1500–1750. Edited by Bruce T. Moran Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government, Volume IV: Papers and Reviews 1982–1990. By G. R. Elton Tudor and Stuart Devon: The Common Estate and Government. Edited by Todd Gray, Margery Rowe and Audrey Erskine The Tudor Navy: An Administrative, Political and Military History. By David Loades Revolution in Religion: The English Reformation, 1530–1570. By David Loades Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London Overseas Traders, 1550–1653. By Robert Brenner The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555–1590. By Martin van Gelderen The Dutch Revolt. Edited by Martin van Gelderen The Private Journals of the Long Parliament 2 June to 17 September 1642. Edited by Veraon F. Snow and Anne Steele Young Town and Countryside in the English Revolution. Edited by R. C. Richardson Not Peace but a Sword: The Political Theology of the English Revolution. By Stephen Baskerville Protestant Dissenters in Wales, 1639–1689. By Geraint H. Jenkins Sidney Godolphin: Servant of State. By Roy A. Sundstrom The Society of the Enlightenment: The Rise of the Middle Class and Enlightenment Culture in Germany. By Richard van Dülmen Albion's People: English Society, 1714–1815. By John Rule The Vital Century: England's Developing Economy, 1714–1815. By John Rule Family and the Law in Eighteenth‐Century Fiction. By John P. Zomchick Georgian Architecture. By James Stevens Curl The Insatiable Earl: A Life of John Montagu, Fourth Earl of Sandwich, 1718–1792. By N. A. M. Rodger Mozart: Portrait of a Genius. By Norbert Elias The Road to 1789: From Reform to Revolution in France. By Nora Temple

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653

Robert Brenner. Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 1993. Pp. xx, 734. $59.50.

Robert Brenner. Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 1993. Pp. xx, 734. $59.50. - Volume 26 Issue 2

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London’s Overseas Traders, 1550-1653, by Robert Brenner

<i>Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London’s Overseas Traders, 1550-1653</i>, by Robert Brenner

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653.

Robert Brenner offers a socio-political account of the transformation of English commerce in the century after 1550 and a socio-economic explanation of the political alignments of the London merchant community in the conflicts of the early Stuart period. In a major reinterpretation of long-term commercial change, he demonstrates that new possibilities in the import trades--more so than problems in the traditional cloth trade--were behind the foundation of the long-distance commerce to the east. He shows, in turn, the way in which social groups of great City merchants wielded organizational and political power to exploit the emerging commercial opportunities. Brenner demonstrates the enormous significance of merchant politics for national political development from 1621 to 1653. He brings out, in particular, the decisive roles played from 1640 by London's great company merchants in support of the crown and by a new social group of entrepreneurs--the politically radical and militantly Puritan traders who developed the colonial plantation commerce--in support of the parliamentary leadership. The new colonial merchants assumed great national influence with Cromwell's victory, becoming the chief architects of the Commonwealth's dynamic commercial policy.

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653.

Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550-1653.

Merchants and revolution: commercial change, political conflict, and London's overseas traders, 1550-1653

Merchants and revolution: commercial change, political conflict, and London's overseas traders, 1550-1653