Overlay Model Research Articles

Deciphering Groundwater Potential Zones Using Geospatial Technology: A Study in Bankura Block I and Block II, Bankura District, West Bengal

Integration of remote sensing data and geographical information system (GIS) for exploration of groundwater resources has become a breakthrough in the field of groundwater research, which assists in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. In the present paper, groundwater potential zones for the assessment of groundwater availability in Bankura Block I and Block II, Bankura District, West Bengal, has been delineated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Survey of India toposheets and IRS-1C—LISS III satellite imagery are used to prepare various thematic layers, e.g., hydrogeomorphology, lithology, slope and lineament density were transformed to raster data using feature to raster converter tool of software like MicroImages TNT mips 2012. The raster maps of these factors are allocated to a fixed score and weight computed from multi-influencing factor technique. Each weighted layer is statistically computed to get the groundwater potential zones. Weighted overlay modelling technique was used to develop a groundwater potential model with three weighted and scored parameters. Although the area is characterized by hard rock, it has groundwater prospective zones due to fracturing, weathering and the presence of valley fills overlying a planation surface. The area has been categorized into four distinct zones—very good, good, fair and poor. Very good groundwater potential zones constitute 19.81% of the total block area, good groundwater potential zones occupy majority of the block, covering approximately 30.83%, and the fair potential zones occupy about 33.08% of the total block, poor potential zones occupy very small portion 16.28%.

Cognitive Cooperative MAC With One Primary and Two Secondary Users: Achievable Rates and Optimal Power Control

We consider a three-user fading cognitive cooperative multiple access channel (MAC) with one primary and two secondary transmitters. We propose two encoding/decoding strategies with varying levels of cooperation, based on block Markov superposition encoding and backward decoding. The first is an overlay model, where the secondary users (SUs) aid the transmission of the primary user (PU) by causally decoding the PU message and forwarding it while also cooperating among each other. The second is an underlay model, where the SUs cooperate by decoding and forwarding each other's messages while treating the signal received from the PU as noise. In either case, the PU is guaranteed to operate at its maximum achievable single user rate. We characterize the achievable SU rate region for both models and maximize this region as a function of the transmit powers. The simulation results show that the SU rate region can be significantly enlarged, particularly using the overlay model.

Data-Driven Optimal Throughput Analysis for Route Selection in Cognitive Vehicular Networks

To meet the dramatically increasing demands for vehicular communications, cognitive vehicular networks have been proposed to broaden the vehicular communication bandwidth by using cognitive radio technology. Meanwhile, the nationwide Super Wi-Fi project that allows the TV white space frequencies to be used for free, makes the concept of cognitive vehicular networks realistic. Recently, lots of technical issues of cognitive vehicular networks have been studied from the network designers' perspective, e.g., vehicular spectrum sensing and access, applications with different vehicular QoS, etc. Different from the existing works, in this paper, we consider from the vehicular users' perspective by optimizing throughput via route selection in cognitive vehicular networks using TV white space. By employing the attainable data rate as route selection metric, we propose two schemes: instantaneous route selection and long-term route selection. To evaluate the expected data rate on the route, we analyze the cognitive vehicular network throughput under two spectrum sharing models: spectrum overlay and spectrum underlay. In the experiments, we use Google spectrum dataset to estimate the intensity of TV base stations in the United States and evaluate the cognitive vehicular network throughput performance, which shows that the spectrum overlay model is more suitable for most of states in current United States, except New Jersey, Delaware and Utah. Moreover, we conduct a case study regarding the route I-88E and I-90E selection between Cortland and Schenectady in New York State. The traffic intensities and traffic intensity transition probabilities of these two routes are estimated using the real-world traffic volume dataset of New York State. Based on the estimated traffic information, we calculate the attainable instantaneous and long-term data rates of each vehicular user, which shows that route I-88E is preferable to route I-90E in most cases.

Abstract 3150: Exploring the role of Rap1Gap in the progression from DCIS to invasive breast carcinoma

Abstract Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive malignant progression of breast cancer is important. The purpose of this study is to define the role of Rap1Gap in the progression of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) to invasive cancer. We employed an in-vitro three-dimensional (3D) overlay model that provides a physiologically relevant microenvironment to study mechanisms of mammary gland development and malignant progression. We previously employed next generation sequencing (NGS) and identified 63 consistently upregulated genes in three DCIS lines (SUM102, SUM225, MCF10.DCIS) compared to non-transformed mammary epithelial cells. To gain insight into common transcriptional elements of co-regulated genes that may be critical to the DCIS phenotype, we have mined our NGS data using Frameworker (Genomatix). The 63 upregulated genes are associated with 244 candidate promoters out of a total of 82,703 promoters in the entire human genome. Our analysis shows that the common framework RXRF-ZF02-ZF02-PLAG-HDBP is only present in the promoters of three genes: RAP1GAP, SPRY4 and PDGFB. All of these genes are upregulated in our DCIS signature, which means that this framework is hugely enriched (336-fold) over what would be expected by chance. Rap1Gap has tumor suppressor properties; its functions, via regulation of Rap1 activity, include regulation of cell adhesion, suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis. In other epithelial cancers, loss of Rap1Gap has been linked to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. To begin study of Rap1Gap in breast cancer progression, we performed immunohistochemistry. We show strong Rap1Gap staining in DCIS with little to no expression in myoepithelial and stromal components. Immunoblotting results show that Rap1Gap levels in MCF10.CA1d cells (a model of invasive carcinoma) are reduced compared to those in MCF10.DCIS cells. Rap1Gap expression is low in additional basal breast cancer cell lines, but high in luminal ER+ /PR+ cell lines. We propose that over-expression of Rap1Gap may serve as a tumor suppressive mechanism in DCIS; subsequent reduction of Rap1Gap may be a switch for EMT and progression to an invasive phenotype. Citation Format: Seema Shah, Kingsley Osuala, Shihong Mao, Quanwen Li, Bonnie Sloane, Stephen Krawetz, Raymond R. Mattingly. Exploring the role of Rap1Gap in the progression from DCIS to invasive breast carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3150. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3150

Narrow-Band Interference Suppression in Impulse-Radio Ultrawideband Systems

For impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) communications, pulse overlap often occurs in indoor dense multipath environments, where the time separation between adjacent received multipaths is typically less than one pulsewidth. Moreover, due to its low power spectral density (PSD) and its overlay usage model, the IR-UWB signal is also vulnerable to narrow-band interference (NBI) of a high power level. Taking the effect of pulse overlap into account, this paper presents an optimal prerake/postrake UWB transceiver design to counteract NBI. The prerake/postrake uses rake structures at both the transmitter and the receiver. The optimum weights for the prerake and postrake are derived by maximizing the signal-to-inference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Furthermore, an adaptive scheme is proposed to achieve the optimal solution iteratively. Simulations show that the proposed prerake/postrake and the adaptive scheme can significantly eliminate the adverse effect of NBI and thus perform well even in the presence of severe NBI.

English

The different parameters such as water, soil and climate have an important effect in the decision making and performance of pressurized irrigation systems. The underground and surface water resources in per region have no unique quality and quantity. The Kerman Plain, which has about 7500 km2, is located in the Kerman Province. The irrigation of this plain is done with using the underground water resources which are facing drop in the water level, due to over exploitation. Accordingly, the pressurized irrigation is suggested in order to the prevention of drop the loss trend and increasing irrigation efficiency. The aim of this research is to identify suitable lands for performance of pressurized irrigation system, with the help of remote sensing techniques and geography information system (GIS), in Kerman plain of southeast of Iran. In this research, 2 methods of site selection: logical overlay method –Boolean method- and Arithmetic overlay - proportion percent method are compared and evaluated. On the basis of Boolean site selection model 5% of desert lands for performance of sprinkle irrigation and 25% of lands for drip irrigation and on the basis of arithmetic overlay 15% of lands for performance of sprinkle irrigation and 20% of them for performance of drip irrigation reasonably were recognized. The comparison of these 2 methods with considering the condition of regions showed that arithmetic overlay site selection model is more suitable for recognizing the suitable zones for performance of pressurized irrigation systems.   Key words: Pressurized irrigation, geography information system (GIS), boolean model, proportion percent model, site selection.

Optimization of weld pitch on overlay welding using mathematical method

It is important to overlap the even bead continuously to automate the overlay welding process. To obtain the even surface bead on overlay welded product, optimization of pitch distance between the each pass is one of the methods. Therefore, this study determines the optimal second pass pitch distance with respect to welding parameter such as torch position and welding speed. Variety of welding experiments was carried out with different welding parameters using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) method. Based on the experimental results, empirical models were developed after analyzing correlation between welding parameters and bead height, width and decentration of overlay welding. Finally, optimized empirical models were developed for predicting bead height and width by analyzing the main effect of each factor which affects bead geometry and their influence on interaction. In addition, a mathematical model was developed which determines the bead profile for visualizing the bead shapes using the Matlab curve fitting tool. These two models were combined for one of the overlay bead shape model. Furthermore, the mathematical model is then used to determine the second pass pitch distance, by allowing the same area above and below the point of interaction between two overlay weld pass.

Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing in Groundwater Investigations: A Case Study in Gangajalghati Block, Bankura District, West Bengal, India

The present study has been carried out in Gangajalghati Block, Bankura district which is located on the eastern slope of Chotanagpur Plateau. IRS—LISS-III data along with other data sets, e.g. existing toposheets and field observation data have been utilized to extract information on the hydrogeomorphic features which include valley fills (VF), buried pediment moderate, buried pediment shallow and structural hills, lineament density contour and slope map of this area. All the information layers have been integrated through geographical information systems analysis and the groundwater potential zones have been delineated. Weighted overlay modelling technique was used to develop a groundwater potential model with three weighted and scored parameters. Although the area is characterized by hard rock, it has groundwater prospective zones due to fracturing, weathering the presence of VF overlying a planation surface. The area has been categorized into four distinct zones—excellent, good, fair and poor. Excellent groundwater potential zones constitute 10–15 % of the total block area, good groundwater potential zones occupy majority of the block, covering approximately 30–35 % and the fair potential zones occupy about 50–55 % of the total block. Poor potential zones occupy very insignificant portion (less than 1 %).

The Overlay Deployment Model under Interference Based on Marginal Fitting

Under the condition of interference, when to optimize the network deployment with the energy of the radiation characteristics of node, it is significant to improve the efficiency of the objective function evaluation.The overlap deployment model based on the compression projection is put forward in this paper, including the projection grid model based on the margin fitting, and the fusion boundary generation based on the projection grid, measurement of covered area and overlap coefficient evaluation algorithm to provide the efficient algorithm for the calculation of optimization goals such as the integration area, cover index and overlap coefficient . It changed the past calculation mode, which is random and extensive, as Monte Carlo sampling and the physical grid statistics method. The algorithm analysis and experiments showed that, the overlap deployment model based on the compression projection, compared with the previous model, had the characteristics of high precision and low-power, it can complete the calculation three indicators of the integration area,the covering index and overlap index with the accuracy of up to 99%.

Interplay Between Surface and Morphology: Bio-Nano-Composites for Energy Harvesting

Immobilization of large biological molecules on solid substrates or into hierarchical composite material is of significant importance for scientific and engineering communities developing alternative energy harvesting technologies using bio-, enzyme-, microbial and biomimetic materials. Advances associated with functional materials based on bio-nanocomposite and nanobiomaterials require detailed information about the composition, physical and chemical structure of the interface.Characterizing the interface between immobilized biomolecules and a transducer is crucial for understanding spatial distribution and ordered orientation of biocatalysts. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful technique allowing estimation of the elemental and chemical composition of the upper 10 nm of a surface and has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to quantify the amount of protein immobilized or adsorbed during enzyme immobilization.In multicomponent heterogeneous functional systems related to this discussion, one has to be able to differentiate between multiple enzymes, between enzyme and other organic based constituents of composites, such as electrodes, polymers, etc., and to determine interactions between constituents in the composite, such as hydrogen bonding.Despite challenges, we are showing that XPS is a powerful analytical method for characterization of bio-inorganic and bio-organic composite multicomponent materials. Through carefully designed experiments, involving selection of reference materials that constitute part of the composite and individual relevant mixtures of those, constraining curve fits using information obtained from the references and cross-correlation between elemental speciation, it is possible to distinguish between chemically similar biological compounds in the matrix of organic or inorganic materials. Formation of intermolecular secondary bonds between proteins/peptide and inorganic matrix, structure of layered systems are types of analytical problems that XPS can address when enough care is taken.[1]The structure of ultrathin BOD film immobilized by LbL approach including elemental and chemical composition of layer-by layer assembly and relative thickness of adsorbed layers was studied by Angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS). The high resolution C 1s spectrum of the GA treated carbon electrode (CE), pure PEI and BOD, and 2L layer-by-layer samples are presented in Figure 1. A pure BOD has a unique peak at 288.5 eV in the C 1s high-resolution spectrum due to the presence of COOH/N-C=O types of species. A unique peak at 287.5 eV is observed for CE+PEI sample.Unique peaks within C 1s XPS spectra for each component of layer-by-layer assemblies can be used to distinguish individual layers on the electrode surface between each other. Angle-resolved XPS is used to follow ultrathin layer-by-layer formation. The layers are not discrete, but rather some intermixing occurs. The change in thickness of BOD/PEI bi-layer determined through the overlayer model confirmed collapse of order in the system for layers larger than 2.In addition to chemical composition, the morphology of the components involved in the functional energy harvesting devices, such as supports, catalysts, membranes, electrode, GDLs, etc. is critically important for the function of the relevant components.Approaches in extracting morphological information out of SEM images at a variety of scales will be discussed. Figure 2 shows the approach in multi-step filtering of SEM images to obtain roughness and porosity measures representing different scales. [2]Effect of morphology on current density of modified PTFE electrodes is displayed in Figure 3. The more of large pores is present the smaller the resistance and the higher the current density. Structure-to-property relationship between surface composition as extracted by XPS, morphological information as provided by SEM and performance characteristics, such as, for example, electrochemical performance and bacteria attachment, allows for accelerated targeted material design.[1] K. Artyushkova, P. Atanassov, ChemPhysChem,14(10), 2013, 2071-2080, DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300037.[2] K. Artyushkova, S. Pylypenko, M. Dowlapalli, P. Atanassov, RSC Advances, 2 (2012) 4304-4310.

Node Placement Analysis for Overlay Networks in IoT Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT), which combines identification, sensing, computing, and communication technologies, is considered one of the major trends in information and communication technologies. Communication performance is critical for IoT applications. According to previous research, an internet-based overlay model is feasible for the implementation of the IoT. One important issue in the overlay routing model is the overlay node placement problem (ONPP). Once the size of overlay node set is fixed to a particular number k, the ONPP changes to k-ONPP. In this work, the IoT-based overlay node placement problem is formulized and analyzed. The major contributions of the paper include providing the time complexity of multi hop k-ONPP and its theoretical limit boundary of approximation ratio and proposing a local search algorithm. Furthermore, the time complexity and approximation ratio boundary of the local search algorithm are given. The proposed local search algorithm is evaluated by both time and efficiency where efficiency refers to the degree of approximation of algorithm results with optimal solutions. Another algorithm, TAG, is used for comparison. Finally, a simulation experiment based on network simulator EstiNet is provided. The experimental results show network delay benefits from the proposed method.

Resource-based zoning map for sustainable industrial development in north sinai using remote sensing and multicriteria evaluation

Due to rapid urbanization in Egypt, the need for job creation and redistribution of population became a top priority for the Egyptian government. Creating infrastructure and new industrial zones in Sinai Peninsula can participate in solving the problem. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation (SMCE) have been widely used to analyze the land utilization based on the land’s potentials and constraints. Using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model, meteorological data and various land use information, a holistic approach involving generation of thematic maps for two themes, natural resources theme and a least-cost theme, was adopted. Data such as accessibility, soil type, land cover, utilities and other ancillary information was employed to arrive at a locale-specifi c prescription for an industrial land use strategy. Analytical hierarchy process was conducted to investigate the resource-based suitability while minimizing cost of development using various spatial data. Expert knowledge was used to weigh factors within the natural resources theme based on three development objectives (scenarios). Running the weighted overlay model for each of the three objectives, three suitability index maps were produced. Potential sites for developing new industrial zones were identifi ed based on the high suitability values for each scenario. Results highlight a good opportunity for

Compensating Modeling Overlay Errors Using the Weighted Least-Squares Estimation

The lithography performed on a stepper is a key process of integrated circuit manufacturing. To have a better resolution and alignment accuracy in lithography, it is important to model the overlay errors and compensate them into tolerances. The systematic overlay errors are commonly modeled as the sum of inter-field and intra-field errors. The inter-field errors describe the global effect, while the intra-field errors indicate the local effect. In this paper, two overlay error models are introduced, and a weighted least-squares (WLS) estimator is developed to derive the more accurate linear term parameters of the overlay errors. The least-squares (LS) estimator is applied to the Arnold ten-parameter model for estimating the parameters of linear and nonlinear terms. We intend to estimate the parameters of a linear term, while taking the nonlinear term as our modeling residual errors. Then, we use the WLS estimator to derive the more accurate linear term parameters in the Perloff eight-parameter model. Finally, the WLS estimator is applied to real data collected from 453 wafers provided by a wafer fabrication facility in Taiwan. Test results demonstrate that the linear term parameters estimated by the WLS estimator are much more accurate than those obtained by the LS estimator.

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for Fault Segments Mapping a Study from Taiz Area, Yemen

GIS and remote sensing data for allowing detection of structural features, such as faults, offer opportunities for improving mapping and identifying the areas that are likely to be locations of faulting areas. Landsat ETM-7 satellite data images were used and band-5 was found as the most suitable band for lineament delineation, based on the ability to identify geological features. Four contributing factors, namely, drainage patterns, faults (previously mapped), lineaments, and lithological contacts layers, were parameters used in this study to produce a fault potential prediction map using the overlay model techniques. The potential map (fault susceptibility map) classifies the study area into five potential zones, namely, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high potential. The areas covered by moderate to the highest potential zones were considered as fault segments (fault lines) in the area. The comparison of the potential map and the published fault map by using GIS matching techniques shows that 75 fault segments (fault lines) in the potential map were not properly identified in the study area. The correlation between fault segments and faults data collected from field work stations shows that there were 39 fault segments which may represent new faults in the area being identified. The presence of these faults is not known from the literature; this leads to updating and revising of existing geological map of the study area.

Spatial analysis and multi-criteria decision making for regional-scale geothermal favorability map

Fry analysis and weights of evidence were employed to study the spatial distribution and spatial association between known occurrences of geothermal resources and publicly available geoscience data sets at regional-scale. These analyses support a regional-scale conceptual model of geological, geochemical and geophysical interaction by calculating the optimum cutoff distance and weight of each evidence feature. Spatial association analysis indicated the geochemical and geophysical data play more important roles than geological data as evidence layers to explore geothermal resources. Integration of spatial evidential data indicates how these layers interacted to form the geothermal resources. Boolean index overlay, Boolean index overlay with OR operation, multi-class index overlay and fuzzy logic prediction models were applied and compared to construct prospective maps. Prediction rate estimator showed the fuzzy logic modeling resulted in the most reliable and accurate prediction with prediction rate about 26 in the high-favorite areas.

Positioning for the purpose of physical texture development in rural settlements (Case study: Villages of Khaf County)

Physical development of rural areas can be effective when occur conducted and controlled, and, options are reviewed and evaluated for this purpose before the site selection of them. In the present study using ten villages of KHAF county as the study area and identifying the status quo, first identified restrictive criteria involved in the physical development of these villages, and using descriptive - analytical method and using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, have been selected with the aim of determining the best location for the physical development of rural areas. In this way, criteria involved in the physical development of these rural areas each one accordingly as a layer of map and the weight of each one was determined using pairwise comparison method (AHP). Mentioned steps were performed using Expert Choice software. Results showed that criteria: ground slope, distance from the watercourse and the distance from the fault respectively with 0.315 ,0.179 and 0.108 points have most effect in locating development side of the villages. Then these layers has combined using weight of each layer in GIS and using the weighted overlay model, and thus the resulting output represents the total criteria for selecting optimal locations for future development of the villages. The results of this study indicate that among the sample rurals, only in 4 rural Mehrabad, Barabad, Sade and Sijavand, the proposed side development of Hadi plan consistent with absolutely proper and proper sheet of the future development of rural areas.

HKad: A Hierarchical Kademlia Model

This paper proposed a new structural overlay model HKad. This model employs layered structure, and when constructing the network logical topology of peer nodes, it can detect rock-bottom physical network logical topology fast and efficiently and make it suitable to the rock-bottom network environment, and make the former be consistent to the latter as much as possible and then improve the whole performance of the systems. The goal is to construct a topology-aware overlay network, and improve the finding speed of information, and reduce unnecessary data transmission in networks.

ILP Modeling of Many-to-Many Replicated Multimedia Communication

On-line communication services were evolving from a simple text-based chats towards sophisticated videopresence appliances. The bandwidth consumption of those services is constantly growing due to the technology development and high user and business needs. That fact leads us to implement optimization mechanisms into the multimedia communication scenarios. In this paper, the authors concentrate on many-to-many (m2m) communication, that is mainly driven by the growing popularity of on-line conferences and telepresence applications. An overlay model where m2m flows are optimally established on top of a given set of network routes is formulated and a joint model where the network routes and the m2m flows are jointly optimized. In the models, the traffic traverses through replica servers, that are responsible for stream aggregation and compression. Models for both predefined replica locations and optimized server settlement are presented. Each model is being followed by a comprehensive description and is based on real teleconference systems.

Research on P2P Overlay Network Model with Small-world Features

Topology structure of P2P network decides its system performance. However, the existing P2P network models don’t take clustering and symmetry of nodes into account. Based on the algebra and graph theory method of Cayley graph, this paper proposes a novel P2P overlay network model with small-world features. Its simplicity and symmetry can ensure the self-organization and scalability of P2P network. The results of analysis and experiment shows that this model provides better robustness, higher enquiry efficiency and better load balance than the existing P2P Overlay Network models such as Chord and CAN. Furthermore, it possesses the property of high clustering.

HChord: A Hierarchical Chord Model

This paper proposed a new structural overlay model HChord. This model employs layered structure, and when constructing the network logical topology of peer nodes, it can detect rock-bottom physical network logical topology fast and efficiently and make it suitable to the rock-bottom network environment, and make the former be consistent to the latter as much as possible and then improve the whole performance of the systems. The goal is to construct a topology-aware overlay network, and improve the finding speed of information, and reduce unnecessary data transmission in networks.