High Voltage Overhead Power Lines Research Articles

Single-Ended Fault Location Determination on High-Voltage Overhead Power Lines with the Account for the Reactive Component of Fault Impedance

Single-Ended Fault Location Determination on High-Voltage Overhead Power Lines with the Account for the Reactive Component of Fault Impedance

Gelsari and Lentini marshes (Sicily, Italy), a wetland of extremely high biodiversity. Consequences on avifauna from the crossing of an overhead high-voltage power line

In the Gelsari and Lentini marshes (Sicily, Italy), which constitute a vast and historically well-known wetland on the central eastern coast of Sicily, the crossing of an overhead high-voltage power line surprisingly had been planned and approved. This choice was made despite the high landscape value that these marshes possess, the environmental protection constraints they enjoy, the interest they hold for the biodiversity conservation in Sicily, and their extraordinary ability to attract avifauna. At present, the work, which began in August 2021, has resulted in the placement of all supports. An estimate of the risk of mortality of avifauna that the presence of the power line will produce has been made, limiting the survey to species of high conservation interest, which are among those present in the marshes. It turned out that the risks of collision of avifauna and especially of species considered of high conservation interest, due largely to the characteristics of the power line and especially its route, are extremely high; the damage that is likely to occur does not, therefore, seem to have been properly assessed, neither at the design nor at the approval stages of the project. Given that the impact of the power line does not appear to be mitigable, neither with regard to the landscape nor with regard to avifauna, considering, in the latter case, especially the high mortality risks to which species of high conservation interest would be subjected, it is believed that the only solution to avoid such damage is to make a modification to the route of the power line in the section affecting the marshes.

Система контроля и прогнозирования начала обледенения элементов конструкции высоковольтных воздушных линий электропередач

A variant of a combined method for monitoring power supply systems, taking into account joint work with wind generators, is considered. One of the factors affecting the reliability of the combined power supply system is the risk of icing of the elements of the combined power supply system. The article substantiates the relevance of research and development of a system for monitoring and predicting the onset of icing for structural elements of high-voltage overhead power lines with a voltage of 500 kV and above. Three options for implementing a system for monitoring and predicting the onset of icing are considered. The structure of the hardware part of the local system, structurally located in the upper part of the support, is proposed. An algorithm for transmitting information using combined communication channels from towers to a control room is described. A variant of the implementation of the system for monitoring and predicting the onset of icing according to the parameters of temperature and humidity of the environment is considered. An algorithm for the local subsystem controller software has been developed.

Frequency Effect on Electromagnetic States Emitted from High Voltage Overhead Power Lines and Busbar Substation

Electrical power systems represent an immense source of electromagnetic radiation spanning a wide frequency range, encompassing low-frequency, transient states, and high-frequency emissions. The radiation poses a significant self-pollution challenge for electric and electronic devices situated in close proximity to these systems. The present article aims to address this research, and provides a comprehensive review of the electromagnetic effects and pollution at differences frequency’s ranges encompassing power systems network. In the context of the low-frequency range, the computation of electric and magnetic fields is conducted using quasi-static principles. To validate the behavior at high frequencies due to power line currents, Schelkunoff’s approach is employed. Additionally, transient electromagnetic fields are analyzed using an exact analytical method. The results of computer simulations are compared with previously published and measured data for low-frequency regime and transient overvoltage conditions, verifying their consistency. Additionally, high-frequency results are presented and corroborated through the utilization of a numerical electromagnetic code (NEC-4). These analyses underscore the valuable role of computer-based calculations in examining the electromagnetic environment of power system networks.

Determining the High-Voltage Overhead Power Line Faulty Section by the Sequential Recognition Method

Determining the High-Voltage Overhead Power Line Faulty Section by the Sequential Recognition Method

Improving the lightning resistance of high-voltage overhead power line

Improving the lightning resistance of high-voltage overhead power line

Power grid monitoring based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques

<p><strong>Background:</strong> In this work, some application examples of machine learning and deep learning techniques in the monitoring of electricity distribution services and infrastructures are proposed. Three different fields of application are considered to highlight the use of techniques based on neural networks: detection and classification of power quality disturbances, monitoring of underground cables in medium voltage lines and diagnosis of joints in high voltage overhead power lines. <strong>Methods:</strong> In the field of power grid monitoring, this work proposes a classification method based on a complex valued neural network to assess working conditions of junction regions in high-voltage overhead lines and insulating materials in medium voltage underground networks. The purpose of this method is to prevent the rupture of joint structures and the abnormal degradation of underground cables via frequency response measurements. This approach allows the direct processing of complex measurements and to reduce the computational effort compared to other methods available in the literature. <strong>Results:</strong> The results obtained in the monitoring of underground cables and joints of high voltage lines guarantee an overall classification rate higher than 90%. In the field of power quality, several deep learning and machine learning methods are proposed to detect the most common voltage disturbances. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this paper, an innovative use of widespread algorithms such as convolutional neural networks is proposed with excellent results. Furthermore, the use of a complex-valued neural network in electrical infrastructure monitoring is presented, introducing a minimally invasive classification method that could be instrumental in the transition from corrective to predictive maintenance in the near future.</p>

Анализ методов диагностики электрохимической коррозии на воздушных линиях электропередач напряжением 220-500 кВ

. The analysis of major global emergency situations in the energy sector and the causes of emergency outages on overhead power lines with a voltage of 220-500 kV in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been carried out. The research touches upon the design features of portal-type supports. The causes of electrochemical corrosion of vulnerable nodes of supports of high-voltage overhead power lines are disclosed. The features of methods of diagnostics of the residual resource of metal elements of fastening of portal-type supports located underground are considered. The most promising methods for creating a remote monitoring system and application on overhead power lines in the Republic of Kazakhstan are recommended. Recommendations for further research are given.

The role of the DC component in human perception of AC–DC hybrid electric fields and a comparison with the AC component

As part of the energy transition in Germany, high-voltage overhead power lines will be operated using hybrid systems that combine alternating and direct current (AC and DC). The degree to which humans perceive hybrid electric fields (EFs) is dependent on the proportion of both EF types. To investigate the impact of the DC component, a study assessed 49 participants with above-average EF detection ability under conditions with a low DC component of 1–4 kilovolts per meter (kV/m) and varying AC EFs between 1 and 14 kV/m. The detection thresholds of combined AC/DC EFs decreased with an increase in the DC component and ranged from 9.6 to 6.83 kV/m on average for the group. The results suggest that even minor variations in the DC component significantly affect human perception of hybrid EFs. These findings complement the results of an earlier study that investigated the AC component in hybrid EFs. Correlational analyses of both studies demonstrated the reliability of participants' performance. This study contributes to our understanding of EF-related effects on human perception and can aid in the planning of energy transmission near areas where humans work or live.

Selection of an optimal cable brand for high-voltage overhead power lines based on criterion analysis

This paper is aimed at developing a versatile approach to selecting an optimal cable brand for overhead transmission lines for use in design practice, adapted to conventional and new-generation cable types. To implement multi-criterion evaluation of external factors and limitations when selecting a cable type, the methods of systems, hierarchy and comparative analysis were used. A method for selecting an optimal cable brand based on hierarchy analysis was developed along with an algorithm for its implementation when designing new or modernizing existing overheadlines. The developed approach is demonstrated on the example of construction and modernization of 220 kV overhead lines with the conventional AC cable and such new-generation domestic brands, as АСВТ, АСВП, АСк2у and АСТ. In the considered examples, the technical feasibility of the construction of a new overhead line was limited by the value of the sag. For the modernization project, the specific weight of the cable was of greater importance. The selection criteria included the span length, cable cost and admissible continuous current. The АСВП and АСТ cable brands showed the greatest compliance with the selection criteria (27.5% and 55.9%, respectively). Therefore, at minimum capital investments, the АСВП brand ensures the optimum span length in the construction of a new overhead line, whereas the ACT brand ensures the maximum capacity in the modernization of an existing line. The conducted verification calculations confirmed the feasibility and versatility of the proposed method for selecting a cable brand.

Electric Fields in the Vicinity of High-Voltage Power Lines, Optimisation of Power Line Design

This paper presents calculations in the distribution of the electrical fields generated by the potential of phase conductors in overhead high-voltage power lines. The calculations relate to the area between the line paths and the terrain, with particular focus on the area near the ground, which is important in terms of any humans present there, temporarily or permanently. Field intensity distribution is determined for different arrangements of phase conductors and line paths, and for different tower designs. The optimisation criterion is the width of the area excluded from residential development, defined as double the distance from the axis of the line where the electrical field strength exceeds the regulatory permitted 1 kV/m value.

Analytical models of movement of wires of air high-voltage power transmission lines

The article PURPOSE with the problem of monitoring the state of high-voltage overhead power lines in order to ensure uninterrupted and reliable supply of consumers with electricity. METHODS. As parameters of the state, the sag, the tensile force and the mass per unit length of the wire hanging in the span are defined. IT IS STRESSED that a complete picture of the state of an overhead line can be established by determining the spectral composition of the wire vibrations using mounted automated multi-parameter sensors with accelerometers as sensors. It is shown that the currently used dynamic models for describing the motion of a wire as a pendulum and as a tightly stretched string are not complete enough to represent the vibrations of the wire in all three spatial coordinates, do not cover vibrations with odd harmonics and symmetrical vibrations. A system of equations has been OBTAINED that makes it possible to describe the spatial oscillations of the wire along all three axes, taking into account the difference in heights of the wire suspension points. IT IS SHOWN that the analysis of the higher harmonics of the spectrum of vibrations of the wire makes it possible to determine all the main mechanical parameters of the wires of overhead power lines.

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

Fast-front transients play an important role in the insulation design of any power system. When a stroke hits the shield wire or the tower of high-voltage overhead power lines, flashover may occur either along the span or across tower insulators, depending on the relevant voltages and insulation strength. As a result, backflashover may take place from the tower structure to the phase conductor whenever a huge impulse current flows along the tower towards considerably high footing impedances. For these reasons, tower modeling for transients studies is an important step in the insulation design, and also for lower voltage applications, where indirect lightning effects may play a predominant role. However, after decades of research on tower modeling, starting from the 1930s with the first model proposed by Jordan, no consensus has been reached neither on a widely accepted tower model nor on the quantitative effect of the tower models on insulation design. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms at the base of the transient response of towers and the definition of some fundamental parameters have not been totally clarified yet. The aim of this review is to present the available tower models developed through the years in the power community, focussing mainly on lumped/distributed circuit models, and to help the reader to obtain a deeper understanding of them.

MULTI SENSOR AND SMART GIMBAL FOR ENHANCED POWERLINE MONITORING ON HELICOPTER AND UAVS

Abstract. The inspection of overhead high voltage power lines is important because power supply has to be seen as a critical infrastructure. Monitoring power lines using helicopters and UAVs requires a setup of various sensors. The combination of high-resolution aerial cameras for capturing better than 2 mm GSD, LiDAR collecting 200 point/m2, thermal cameras detecting hot spots in cm accuracy of anomalies and UV-cameras checking for corona discharges are important elements in the newest monitoring setups. The combination of online analytics with the Corona Camera (defined as a combination of UV detector and RGB monitoring camera) and the Smart Gimbal technology enhances the quality and speed of the inspection. Besides that, it reduces the need of too many sensors. We show different integrations and their pros and cons and as an outlook where the technology with respect of entering AI technologies will go. A basic task is the handling of the enormous data volume, at this point online analytics may help to reduce the data-volume beside a rapid response.

ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITY OF LOW POWER TAKE-OFF FROM MEDIUM VOLTAGE OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES

The paper considers the possibility of using capacitive power take-off from medium voltage overhead power lines with isolated neutral. Direct scaling of the designs of the known 1-phase capacitive power take-off devices intended for high voltage overhead power lines is impractical for several reasons: the impossibility of obtaining significant power, violation of the operating conditions of protection against single-phase earth faults, the creation of asymmetry of phase voltages relative to the ground. As a power take-off device, it is proposed to use a 3-phase symmetrical circuit of a capacitive voltage divider with a voltage converter at the output, which makes it possible to minimize the indicated disadvantages. On the basis of computer simulation of the equivalent circuit of an overhead line section with a power take-off device, its external characteristics were obtained for various values of the capacitance of the voltage divider capacitors. The simulation results confirm the technical feasibility and feasibility of using the proposed power take-off method for feeding low-power 1- and 3-phase consumers.

Laplace Transform for Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Interferences in Underground Metallic Structures

A numerical methodology is proposed for the calculation of transient electromagnetic interference induced by overhead high-voltage power lines in metallic structures buried in soil—pipelines for oil or gas transportation. A series of 2D finite element simulations was employed to sample the harmonic response of a given geometry section. The numerical inverse Laplace transform of the results allowed obtaining the time domain evolution of the induced voltages and currents in the buried conductors, for any given condition of the power line.

Simple Approximation of the Magnetic Induction Inside High Voltage Overhead Transmission Lines

With the development of electrical power transmission networks, are resulted the increase and continuous consumption of various power production sources, this is what requires the large quantities of energy construction. The increased demand in electric power employment has generated an raised of operating voltage for transmission lines (HV and VHV). The high voltage overhead transmission lines create electric and magnetic fields, and therefore have elevated serious concern questions about their possible potential effects in human body and environmental great associated with the resulting higher levels of electromagnetic fields strength around these power lines. The accurate evaluation of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields influences produced by the high voltage overhead power lines on human health and the environment are well very known and analysed in several research works and simulation study projects. In this paper we precise examine and present a methodology for plot the lateral profile of magnetic field distribution in close a three-phase overhead transmission line in single circuit flat horizontal configuration at height 1m above the ground level, In order show the essentials factors affecting in the magnetic fields intensity under and in the vicinity of high voltage overhead transmission line in any point of space surface and ground plane, the analytique calculation results of the lateral profile of magnetic flux density behaviour are obtained by program MATLAB software, which makes it possible better analyser and easy represent the transverse profile of the magnetic field around electric power transmission lines, the numerique simulation results are based in image method and the superposition theorem.

Combined effects of electrostatic and electromagnetic interferences of high voltage overhead power lines on aerial metallic pipeline

The main purpose of this paper is to model and analyze the electrostatic and electromagnetic interferences between a HV overhead power line and an aerial metallic pipeline situated parallel at a close distance. The modelling of these interferences is typically done for safety reasons, to ensure that the induced voltage does not pose any risk to the operating and maintenance personnel and to the integrity of the pipeline. The adopted methodologies respectively for electrostatic and electromagnetic interferences are based on the charge and current simulation methods combined with the Teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The Friedman test analysis indicate that teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm can be used for parameters optimization, it showed better results. In the case where the induced currents and voltages values exceed the limit authorized values by the international CIGRE standard, mitigation measures become necessary. The simulation results obtained were compared with those provided respectively by the admittance matrix analysis and Carson's method, good agreement was obtained.

Simulation of Induced Energy Distribution Processes in the Ground Wire Cable of High-Voltage Overhead Power Lines

Experimental studies have been carried out on High-Voltage Overhead Power Lines (HVOPL) in order to determine the energy characteristics of the induced energy in the ground wire cable, taking into account the peculiarities of its grounding. The experimentally obtained results have been used in the development of simulation models of the HVOPL-500 sections located between the anchor supports. Simulation models of the anchor span with different numbers of supports have been built. As a result of simulation experiments, the dependences of power consumption as a function of the load resistance and voltage across the ground wire have been obtained. Based on the obtained dependences, recommendations have been developed for various options of power supply for the telemetry system components placed on the HVOPL-500 kV supports. In the course of simulation experiments, the maximum values of power and the corresponding voltage values on the ground wire as a function of the load resistance value have been determined. Technical solutions and recommendations have been proposed for providing power supply to the components of diagnostic systems and monitoring the state of structural elements of the supports.

Study on the magnetic field influence around of the overhead power lines regarding the general public exposure level

This paper analyzes the distribution of the dimensions of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the high voltage overhead power lines (400 kV), in the context in which the effects of the electromagnetic field on living organisms and especially on humans are currently being analyzed. Electromagnetic fields of different frequencies interact with the human body in different ways, just as the effects of low frequency fields are not the same as those of the high frequency fields. Analysis of the electromagnetic field values near a high voltage overhead power line is very important for determining the degree of exposure to the electromagnetic field. The measurements are performed with the magnetic field tester, Hioki FT 3470-50 and the values obtained are compared with those indicated by current standards.