Overcoming Gender Inequality Research Articles

THE WORLDVIEW SENSE OF GENDER INEQUALITY: PHILOSOPHICAL–LEGAL DIMENSION

The worldview aspects of gender inequality are analyzed. The content of gender myths, gender stereotypes, and gender identification as the foundation of gender inequality is determined. Legal mechanisms for overcoming gender inequality are elucidated. Using foundational legislative acts of the EU as examples, the orientation of the Western community towards overcoming gender inequality in political, economic, and social life is demonstrated.

When Trade Agreements Are Gender-Friendly: Impact on Women Empowerment Using Firm Data

This paper studies the effect of gender-related provisions in Regional Trade Agreements on under-explored aspects of gender inequality at the plant level, namely the difference in the managerial and ownership status between the two genders. This topic is timely and critical as gender equality considerations are becoming more prominent in new trade agreements, recognizing to different extents that trade policies developed with a gender perspective can help overcome gender inequalities by creating new opportunities for women's equal representation in export jobs and entrepreneurship. We use the World Bank Enterprise Surveys that encompasses data on 195,000 firms in 155 countries in 56 manufacturing and services sectors, and the dataset on gender-related provisions in trade agreements from the World Trade Organization. Our results show that the total number of gender-related provisions in trade agreements, as well their location in articles and in annexes are positively associated with a higher probability of the firm to be owned or managed by a female. This result is robust whether the firm is an exporter, importer, or involved in the global value chain of the sector of interest. When differentiating countries by income level, we find that the positive effect of gender-related provisions in trade agreements on women empowerment holds only for developed countries, pointing out the importance of making South-South agreements more gender friendly.

Disparitas Sosial, Komunikasi Politik dan Partisipasi Politik Gender

The aim of this research is to analyze and offer strategies to increase women's political participation in Islamic societies. The benefit of this research is to increase awareness in Islamic communities about the importance of gender equality in participating in politics and to increase women's political participation in Islamic communities. The theory used in this research is the social construction theory of gender. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods to analyze data related to gender inequality in political participation in Islamic communities. Data was collected through interviews with several informants who are experienced in Islamic politics and society. The research results show that gender inequality in political participation in Islamic communities is visible in several aspects. First, women are still given less opportunities to participate in the political decision-making process. Second, women still experience discrimination in accessing information and resources needed for political participation. Third, women still experience stigma and stereotypes that prevent them from participating in politics. The suggestions and recommendations in this research, such as increasing awareness, developing resources, eliminating stigma and stereotypes, and developing partnerships, are expected to help overcome gender inequality in political participation in Islamic communities.

Upaya Berteologi Kontekstual Dalam Ketidaksetaraan Perempuan dan Laki-Laki di Keluarga

Family is a fundamental component in individual and societal life that builds emotional bonds between its members such as father, mother and children. The family provides a safe and harmonious environment where the roles of parents and children complement each other. However, gender inequality often occurs in families, especially towards women, due to patriarchal culture. Patriarchy is a social system that considers men as the main authority which influences the views and treatment of women in various aspects, including education and the distribution of domestic roles. Women are often thought to not need higher education or work, being assigned more to housework, while men are prioritized in education and decision making. To overcome gender inequality in the family, contextual theological efforts are needed by applying religious and moral values ​​that teach equality, justice and compassion. With religious teachings that emphasize mutual love and respect, families can create a more just and harmonious environment, where roles and responsibilities are divided based on ability, not gender. This approach aims to support equality and justice in the family, so that religious teachings can become an inspiration for positive social change, including overcoming gender inequality.

WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT THROUGH RADIO BROADCAST PROGRAM STRATEGY

The radio broadcasting strategy is carried out by Beautiful Radio 95.6 FM on the broadcast program Ruang Perempuan. This research aims to find out the process of radio broadcasting strategy with Ruang Perempuan program using the concept of Peter K Pringle. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research design. The technique of determining informants using purposive sampling technique. The research data obtained from observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research on the planning stage of Ruang Perempuan broadcasts are through the selection of themes, program formats, production teams and broadcasters, program objectives and routine evaluation. The production stage begins with making a question list, preparing equipment, making digital posters and brifieng; then followed by the production stage. The post-production stage involved handing over the inspirational women's charter and editing the aftermovie video. Execution stage by determining broadcast hours based on planning and target listeners. The monitoring and evaluation stage is carried out on an ongoing basis and once a month. Ruang Perempuan is present to optimize the broadcast program with the target audience of adult women aged 30-45 years in terms of information, inspiration, and motivation regarding finance, career, profession, business through female speakers. The implication is that radio broadcast programs specifically designed to encourage women's empowerment can be one of the effective instruments in overcoming gender inequality and increasing women's participation in various aspects of life.

Work in IT for women: The realities of Ukraine


 
 
 The article presents a study conducted on gender equality in Ukraine in the field of information technology. The problem of gender inequality still exists throughout the world. The purpose of the article is to study the working conditions of women in IT, to discuss the possible use of stereotypes, and to identify the reasons for women’s lack of interest in working in this field. Formally, there is no prohibition for women to work in the IT industry. However, there are a number of reasons in Ukraine that affect the possibilities of pursuing a career in this direction. The article analyzes the available statistical data and the results of a survey among representatives of the IT sector. It is worth noting the problem of data collection during the war in Ukraine. The importance of the sphere for the country’s economy as a whole and the relevance, demand for specialists, as well as the ratio of women and men employed in this area are considered. Global trends in gender distribution in the field of IT were analyzed. The main stereotypes and situations that constitute obstacles for women in this area are considered and the features inherent in Ukrainian society are also highlighted. Based on the statistical data of Ukraine the number and structure of female students, including foreigners, in recent years were analyzed. It was revealed that the structure of the gender ratio of men and women in education is changing with the formation of the labor market of Ukraine and the distribution by employment status. The ratio of working women and men is approximately the same, but the structure by employment status is different. In Ukraine the IT sector is largely based on individual entrepreneurs. Despite the martial law, the IT community is actively developing and new companies are being created. Training is actively carried out in paid and free courses. Surveys were conducted among students, and it was found that the beginning of a career in the field of information technology is already determined by certain stereotypes of society. Based on the conducted research, the structural gender relations in the field of IT and the main stereotypes that hinder the development of women in this area are analyzed. Recommendations for overcoming gender inequality in the field of IT in Ukraine are presented. Based on the information received, conclusions were drawn: the number of women and men studying technical and mathematical sciences in Ukraine is approximately the same. But in the future, in professional activities, women in many cases prefer to occupy weaker positions, leaving leading positions to men. The main reason for this dynamic is the generally accepted stereotypes and the actualization of the role of women in other areas.
 
 

Russian trends in ensuring gender equality in the digital economy

The digital economy is becoming increasingly important these days, but it also reflects gender inequalities in technology and IT. Women in the digital economy often face barriers to career advancement, access to education, and project opportunities. Despite this, women play a key role in the development of the digital economy and can make a significant contribution to innovation and technology development. The development of strategies to eliminate gender inequalities in the digital economy is a necessary measure to achieve equality of opportunity and sustainable development of society. The article is devoted to the problems of overcoming gender inequality in the digital economy. The problem of the gender gap in the digital economy is inherent not only in developing economies, but also in countries that classify themselves as developed countries. The article shows the main objective reasons that give rise to gender inequality in the transition of the economy to a digital format; reviewed the experience of the BRICS member countries in creating conditions for overcoming gender inequality in the digital economy in accordance with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) proclaimed by the UN; describes the main trends of changes in the field of ensuring gender equality in the Russian Federation in the interaction of the state, business and society.

The issue of legal provision of gender equality in labor relations in Ukraine during the war

The article deals with current issues of legal provision of gender equality in labor relations in Ukraine, in particular, in the conditions of martial law. It is noted that the basis of Ukrainian legislation regulating the issue of gender equality in labor relations is international legal documents, which define approaches to the establishment of equal gender rights. In particular, the national legal framework on issues of gender equality in labor relations consists of: the Constitution of Ukraine, the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine, laws of Ukraine "On ensuring equal rights and opportunities of women and men”, "On employment of the population”, "On the principles of prevention and countering discrimination in Ukraine”, "On wages”, "On holidays”, "On labor protection” and others, as well as resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and decrees of the President of Ukraine in this area. It was concluded that in order to achieve gender equality in Ukraine, it is necessary not only to establish the principle of equality by adopting the relevant legal norms, but also to create an effective mechanism for the implementation of these norms. Since the formation of an effective organizational mechanism for ensuring the implementation of gender policy, that is, an effective policy of equal rights and opportunities for women and men, is a mandatory condition for the operation of a democraticindependentlegal state,thedevelopment of an informed civil society and the perspective of European integration. It was established that even today international organizations emphasize the relevance of gender issues in Ukraine, despite the presence of international and national legal acts designed to solve the problems of gender inequality in the labor market. The lack of consistency, systematicity and coordination of joint efforts of state institutions and civil society organizations prevents the achievement of significant changes in overcoming gender inequality. It has been established that today, in the conditions of a full­scale war, the state is already taking certain steps in this direction, which are aimed, first of all, at adapting the sphere of work and labor relations to the present. In particular, the Ukrainian authorities, together with public organizations and international partners, intensified work on building a system for responding to and countering any type of violence, helping victims of war and ensuring equal opportunities for women and men.

GENDER INEQUALITY IN WOMEN'S ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

Gender inequality is an issue that has long been debated in various fields, including women's access to environmental resources. This research was conducted by conducting a literature review of articles, journals, and other relevant publications. The literature review method was used to collect and analyze information from previous researchers on Gender Inequality in Women's Access and Environmental Resources. Based on some of these research references, it can be concluded that gender inequality in women's access to environmental resources is a real issue in various contexts. Measures to improve gender equality in access to environmental resources include strengthening the role of women in decision-making, social change, and inclusive policies and a gender-based approach in environmental program planning and implementation. Collective efforts from the government, civil society, and the private sector are needed to overcome gender inequality and achieve sustainable development that is just and sustainable.

Vergi Sistemlerinde Cinsiyet Eşitsizliklerinin Giderilmesine Yönelik Reform Önerileri

Gelir vergisi, vergilemede cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizliklerin temel kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Ancak bu çalışmanın amacı ilaveten; tüketim harcamalarında, mülk ediniminde ve kullanım ücretlerinin tahsilindeki cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizlikleri de araştırmaktır. Çalışmada ülkelerin birincil mevzuatlarına ve kaynak taramasına dayalı bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, gelir vergisinde cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizliklerin giderilmesi için tamamen bireysel esaslı vergileme tercih edilmelidir. Ayrıca çocuk bakım masrafları için cömert indirimler sağlanmalıdır. Tüketim kalıplarındaki farklılıklardan kaynaklanan eşitsizlikleri gidermek için pembe vergiler kaldırılmalıdır. Ayrıca kadınların bu mallara erişimini kolaylaştırmak için amaçlı sübvansiyonlar yapılmalıdır. Arazi ve diğer mülklerin edinimindeki cinsiyet farklılığını azaltmak için kadınların mülk ediniminde vergi kolaylığı sağlanmalıdır. Başta eğitim ve sağlık olmak üzere kamu hizmetine erişimdeki eşitsizlikleri gidermek için özellikle de kadınların bu hizmetlerden ücretsiz ya da düşük kullanım ücreti karşılığında yararlanması sağlanmalıdır. Vergilemede cinsiyete dayalı bu tür eşitsizliklerin giderilmesi temel bir insan hakkı olmanın yanında aynı zamanda refaha dayalı bir ekonomik büyüme için de son derece önemlidir

Gender Equality Training for Students in Higher Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

The principles of gender equality are integral to the goals, targets, and indicators of all sustainable development goals. Higher education institutes can be powerful agents for promoting gender equality, diversity, and inclusion not only in the higher education context but also in society as a whole. To address and overcome gender inequality in the higher education environment, experts posit that change needs to occur from day 1 of the student's academic experience. To this end, training is required. A preliminary review of the literature indicates that multiple gender equality-based training programs or initiatives for students have been designed and evaluated in second and third-level education settings. Examples of educational activities undertaken include delivery of didactic teaching, participation in a face-to-face collaboration project, site visits, case studies, and coaching. Yet, our initial search indicated that, to date, a comprehensive review collating the available evidence on gender equality training for third-level students has not yet been carried out. Our review seeks to identify and explore the existing literature on gender equality training interventions for third-level students, with a particular emphasis on training content, methodology, and outcome evaluation. This scoping review will be structured using the Arskey and O'Malley's 5-stage framework and will consider empirical research and other relevant published works that address gender equality training. Systematic searches will be carried out in 6 research databases and the gray literature using key search terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been defined, and a data charting tool created to methodically extract information from selected literature. The free web software Rayyan will be used for primary screening where each reference will be screened in duplicate first by title, then abstract, and finally by full text. This review forms part of the LIBRA (Balance) study and has received peer-reviewed grant funding from the Irish Higher Education Authority. LIBRA aims to use simulation-based education to develop a gender equality leadership training program for student leaders in higher education. The findings will be summarized in tabular form, and a narrative synthesis produced to inform curriculum development. This review seeks to inform curriculum design by reporting on the gender equality-enabling skills and leadership skills necessary to foster gender equality. This paper should inform recommendations for training and catalyze future research in this rapidly evolving area. DERR1-10.2196/44584.

Social Security for Female Headed Households to Responses Covid-19 in Indonesia and Philippines

This research examines a comparison of Philippines and Indonesian approaches to integrating a gender perspective in social protection programs. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, gender-responsive social protection has become even more important to address gender inequality which has been exacerbated by this crisis. The results of the study show that the Philippines has taken a more advanced step in paying attention to a gender perspective in social protection programs. They have launched clear policies and initiatives to ensure that women receive appropriate protection and appropriate services. On the other hand, Indonesia is still facing challenges in comprehensively integrating a gender perspective into social protection programs. This study provides insights and recommendations for both countries in implementing social protection programs that are sustainable and inclusive, with a focus on empowering women and overcoming gender inequality during the pandemic and in the future.

GENDER ASPECTS OF SOCIAL WORK (review of the monograph of Alla Yaroshenko, Tetyana Semigina «Gender competence in social work»)

The monograph by A. Yaroshenko and T. Semygina is a relevant scientific study, as it focuses on a complex social phenomenon of modern Ukraine that needs the attention of social workers. In general, the text of the monograph shows that the authors have been researching the issue of gender in social work for quite a long time. Thus, the meaningful filling of sections of scientific novelty really has a fundamental theoretical and practical significance, both for the science of social work and for areas of scientific thought related to it in terms of the object of scientific attention. The monograph consists of an introduction and eight chapters, a list of used sources. Each of the sections is a logically formulated element of the theoretical, organizational-methodical and practical levels of scientific reflection and is a continuation of the next one. The monograph has a clear structure, is distinguished by the integrity and logic of the presentation of scientific material.The monograph is quite in demand for social work. We consider it expedient to note the value of the monograph. Summarizing what has been said, it should be noted that the monograph of A. Yaroshenko and T. Semygina is a structurally complete study, characterized by the unity of content and, undoubtedly, has scientific theoretical and practical value.The monograph is intended for those interested in gender issues and overcoming gender inequality. It can also be used for the training of students of higher education institutions who study in the specialty «Social Work»

Lived experiences of successful women entrepreneurs (SMEs) in Iran: a feminist phenomenological study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the entrepreneurial actions of successful Iranian women entrepreneurs. It is an attempt to find the roots, motivations, challenges and strategies of successful actions of these women, despite the unequal and masculine structure of the society.Design/methodology/approachThis research was conducted through the theoretical framework of poststructuralist feminism and the qualitative method. By purposive sampling, the researchers selected 10 women entrepreneurs living in Khorasan Razavi province for in-depth interviews. These women have created many jobs based on local potential and become recognized as top entrepreneurs. The narratives of these women were analyzed phenomenologically.FindingsThe actions of these women are fertilized under the influence of family background and early socialization and in the combination of internal motivations and external stimuli. These women resist social barriers such as widespread patriarchy, gender division of labor in society and complex bureaucratic processes through the “strategic cycle” resulting from the interaction of “reliance on intertwined social networks,” “social entrepreneurship,” “gradual formation of social capital” and “reliance on local potentials.”Social implicationsThe strategies to overcome gender inequalities at the micro (family) and macro (society) levels introduced in this research can inspire women entrepreneurs who seek success in their businesses.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first qualitative research that, by studying the actions of successful Iranian women entrepreneurs, describes how they overcome structural inequalities and their success strategies.

A Systematic Analysis of Malawi's Girl-Centred Education Programming

The aim of the systematic review was to compile and synthesise evidence on the contributions and implications of girl-centric policies and specialised interventions for girls' education in terms of access and participation. The results of the review confirm that girls' education programmes designed and implemented in a gender-based framework are effective in increasing girls' access to education. The results support the hypothesis that gender-centric policies and affirmative action interventions are sincere attempts to improve equity within education systems in Malawi. Despite these findings, the article argues that gender-centric policies and programmes can be replete with unfounded and contradicting assumptions about the nature of gender and egalitarian programming, which may negate the agenda on gender equality. The article also contends that even though great progress has been made in developing and adopting gender-sensitive education policies, feminist approaches have complicated implementation of the resulting gender-sensitive educational interventions. One of the main challenges in implementing feminist frameworks is in resolving the unquestioned and inconsistent assumptions about gender and egalitarian programming that have led to replication of affirmative action programmes that are only marginally effective. From the emanating perspectives, the article opiniates that general restorative interventions can be better approaches for overcoming gender inequality, and thus argues that girl-centric frameworks are unsustainable and must be supplanted with gender-as-equity paradigms.
 
 Received: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 27 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022

Effectiveness of donor supported leadership development interventions intended to promote women’s leadership in health in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Women remain underrepresented in health leadership. Promoting women’s leadership in development has resulted in the proliferation of donor-supported leadership development initiatives to address barriers to women’s participation. There is limited evidence synthesis regarding their effectiveness. This scoping review aimed to summarise evidence regarding the efficacy of donor strategies in this field. Seven of 3365 studies were identified. Findings were overwhelmingly positive however there was an overreliance on anecdotal evidence, and short evaluation periods. Overall, evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of such initiatives. More robust evaluation designs are needed to determine best practices to overcome gender inequality in leadership.

GENDER INEQUALITY AND FEMINISM IN ARUNDHATI ROY’S THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS

This research aimed to analyses feminism and gender inequality in the novel The God of small things by Arundhati Roy. The writer aims to reveal the types of feminism, gender inequalities are reflected in the novel. In this research, gender inequality theory is used to determine the types of gender inequality experienced by the characters in the novel God of Small Things, beside of that, feminism theory is used to show how women can overcome gender inequality. Furthermore, this paper uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data is gathered through quotations from the book, and the analysis is backed up by the book and the journal. The base theory is based from what types of feminism type and what kind of gender inequality, the type of gender inequality that experienced by woman including stereotypes, violence, marginalization, double burden and subordination and there are four feminism movements ideology, which are liberal feminism, radical feminism, Marxist feminism, and socialist feminism. Besides that, in this research the author discovered three kinds of gender inequality experienced by women: violence as the part of radical feminism, marginalization as the part of liberal feminism, and subordination as the part of socialist feminism. As the result of this research is to show and identifying what kind of gender inequality and feminism according to the theory. 
 Keywords: Feminism, Gender inequalities, Patriarchy

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ И ГЕНДЕРНОЕ РАВЕНСТВО: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ

In the process of developing the digital economy, developed countries that are making the transition to a new technological order are facing an increasing number of social risks, one of which is the increase in gender inequality in the sphere of labor and society as a whole. The main goal of the article is to reveal the problem of gender inequality in the modern society of Kyrgyzstan. The article examines the employment of women and men in the economy, wage differentiation, and the level of unemployment by gender and participation in the digital economy and in STEM professions. In conclusion, measures to overcome gender inequality in modern digital society were proposed.

Understanding the role of groundwater in the lives of rural women in India

AbstractGroundwater will be a critical future resource for rural India, given climate change and increased competition for water, especially for drinking water supplies, agriculture, and livelihood. The possibilities of groundwater resource development, use, and management have been widely discussed in the global and Indian contexts. However, most studies so far focused on scientific perspectives and not many on understanding the societal and gender aspects. Women are the providers of drinking water in rural India and also carry with them a quest for equality and respect. It is important to examine how the government policies, power, and responsibility for rural women in a traditional patriarchal society are impacted by the availability and access to groundwater. The main aim of this article is to examine the water challenges of Indian rural women in their routine life and discuss the impacts of depleting groundwater resources on their education, health and livelihood of their families. It also examines government policies, initiatives, and strategies that can potentially involve women in achieving sustainable water futures. The study indicates that poverty can impose gender roles in the family and society. Women's dilemmas differ not only in respect of monetary costs, but the challenges they face in terms of education, health, safety, and well‐being due to water scarcity. There is often a lack of suitable policies to overcome gender inequality. In some instances, policies might be reasonably good, but inequality continues because of weak policy implementation and other factors. Therefore, we need to devise policies and strategies that can be effectively implemented, raise awareness of gender equality, and create opportunities for women in decision making, program development, and implementation at all levels of government.

Catcalling Terhadap Supporters Perempuan Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Surakarta dalam Analisis Gender

Catcalling is one of the gender issues that experience confusion in understanding in society. Catcalling occurs in various spheres of people's lives, one of which is in the field of football, where women are the most likely victims. This study aims to analyze the gender inequality contained in catcalling against Persis female supporters and analyze the role of Persis female supporters in an effort to overcome catcalling. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to describe and analyze the phenomenon of catcalling in in-depth and descriptive gender analysis. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained through interviews and documentation which are then analyzed using Miles & Huberman data analysis techniques. Based on the research conducted, it was found that there was gender inequality in catcalling that occurred to Persis female supporters as victims which were manifested in the form of marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, and violence. Besides that, Persis female supporters perform three roles to overcome gender inequality in catcalling, namely by joining the supporter’s community, following the women supporter’s community, and sharing experiences related to catcalling within the women supporter’s community.