Overall Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Research Articles

Prevalence and control status of T2DM in Bangladesh: finding from a nationally representative survey

Abstract Background With around 10 million diagnosed patients, Bangladesh remains at the forefront of the global type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epidemic. A comprehensive understanding of the current T2DM scenario is required to curb the disease burden. In this study, we aimed to identify the prevalence, associated factors, and control status of T2DM in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 15 randomly selected community-based clusters in Bangladesh. Around 1,000 adults aged ≥18 years from each cluster were selected. Face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurement, biospecimen collection, and point of care blood test were performed. Individuals with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) ≥126 mg/dl or previously diagnosed with T2DM by a qualified health provider were considered T2DM cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with T2DM. Results Data of 13,674 individuals were analysed for this study. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 10.0%, among whom 29.2% were undiagnosed. Among previously diagnosed patients, 64.9% had uncontrolled diabetes (FBS≥126 mg/dl). The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes was higher among elderly, female, and urban participants. Patients with hypertension, high waist-hip ratio and high serum cholesterol had 2.20 times (95% CI: 2.17-2.23, p < 0.001), 3.53 times (95% CI: 3.47-3.59, p < 0.001) and 2.53 times (95% CI: 2.48-2.59, p < 0.001) higher odds of having T2DM, respectively. Conclusions One out of every ten adults in Bangladesh had T2DM, and a substantial proportion of them had undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes. This finding indicates the lack of preparedness of the country's health system to address the problem. Pertinent stakeholders should adopt a multi-sectoral approach to develop comprehensive policies and implement target-specific interventions, e.g., population-based screening program, primary care based T2DM service, and community mobilisation to combat the T2DM epidemic. Key messages As the T2DM burden is high in Bangladesh, policy makers should adopt a collaborative approach to develop and implement effective public health programs for prevention and control of T2DM. As the burden of uncontrolled T2DM is high in Bangladesh, the country’s health system should ensure early diagnosis and provision of quality care at affordable cost for T2DM patients.

Analysis of prevalence and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD

BackgroundFor patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as comorbidity have poor outcomes. However, data on the impact of previously diagnosed and new- diagnosed T2DM in such a patient population is lacking.MethodsInpatients diagnosed with AECOPD in the department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of The First Hospital of China Medical University during 2011–2017 were enrolled. Data on demography, prevalence of type 2 DM, other comorbidities, hospital stays and laboratory tests (including arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO2]) results were recorded. Results were compared with AECOPD patients having previously diagnosed and new-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Markers associated with development of type 2 DM and the prognosis of AECOPD patients were identified.ResultsOf the 196 patients enrolled in this study, the overall prevalence of T2DM was 26%. The PaO2 in the newly diagnosed T2DM group was considerably lower versus non-diabetic group. The T2DM group had a longer hospital stay and higher troponin level versus the non-diabetic group. AECOPD patients with T2DM were found to be correlated with hypertension. Age, need for assisted ventilation, increased troponin, and elevated fasting blood glucose on admission were risk factors for death in hospitalized AECOPD patients.ConclusionsAECOPD patients had a higher prevalence of T2DM than the general population; T2DM comorbidity caused lower PaO2, longer hospital stays, and increased troponin. Poor blood glucose control may increase the risk of death in AECOPD patients.

Heritability and Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is observing an accelerating prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influenced by gene-environment interaction of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the heritability and genetic risk of T2DM in SSA. Methods We reviewed all published articles on T2DM in SSA between January 2000 and December 2019 and available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that reported on the genetics and/or heritability of T2DM or indicators of glycaemia were included. Data extracted included the study design, records of family history, pattern and characteristics of inheritance, genetic determinants, and effects estimates. Results The pattern and characteristics of T2DM heritability in SSA are preference for maternal aggregation, higher among first degree compared to second-degree relatives; early age-onset (<50 years), and inherited abnormalities of beta-cell function/mass. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 28.2% for the population with a positive family history (PFH) and 11.2% for the population with negative family history (NFH). The pooled odds ratio of the impact of PFH on T2DM was 3.29 (95% CI: 2.40-4.52). Overall, 28 polymorphisms in 17 genes have been investigated in relation with T2DM in SSA. Almost all studies used the candidate gene approach with most (45.8%) of genetic studies published between 2011 and 2015. Polymorphisms in ABCC8, Haptoglobin, KCNJ11, ACDC, ENPP1, TNF-α, and TCF7L2 were found to be associated with T2DM, with overlapping effect on specific cardiometabolic traits. Genome-wide studies identified ancestry-specific signals (AGMO-rs73284431, VT11A-rs17746147, and ZRANB3) and TCF7L2-rs7903146 as the only transferable genetic risk variants to SSA population. TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism was investigated in multiple studies with consistent effects and low-moderate statistical heterogeneity. Effect sizes were modestly strong [odds ratio = 6.17 (95% CI: 2.03-18.81), codominant model; 2.27 (95% CI: 1.50-3.44), additive model; 1.75 (95% CI: 1.18-2.59), recessive model]. Current evidence on the heritability and genetic markers of T2DM in SSA populations is limited and largely insufficient to reliably inform the genetic architecture of T2DM across SSA regions.

Prevalence and major risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adult psychiatric inpatients from 2005 to 2018 in Beijing, China: a longitudinal observational study

ObjectiveWe aim to investigate the prevalence, trends, and major risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adult psychiatric inpatients in Beijing, China.Research design and methodsWe did a longitudinal...

340. Prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients Living with HIV in the United States

BackgroundAn aging HIV-infected population has growing recognition for its increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most studies of T2DM prevalence among patients living with HIV involve selected samples and/or small cohorts which limit generalizability. We sought to evaluate the overall prevalence of T2DM among patients living with HIV in the United States as well as within specific demographic subgroups.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed using a large, multi-institutional database (Explorys), where clinical information across 27 healthcare networks are matched and standardized to create longitudinal records for each unique patient. At present, the database contains 63 million unique lives, representing 18% of the population across all 4 census regions of the United States. Patients with all types of insurance as well as those who are self-pay are represented. The analysis included adult patients with an active status in the database during April 2014- April 2019 who, not missing data on age, gender, race, and body mass index. The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) of “Human Immunodeficiency Virus,” “diabetes mellitus type 2,” “disorder due to type 2 diabetes mellitus,” and “Type II diabetes mellitus uncontrolled” were used to identify patients with HIV and T2DM.ResultsWe identified 90,900 patients with HIV. The overall prevalence of T2DM among patients with HIV was 22.1% (20,080/90,900) compared with 14.9% (2,679,490/17,946,580) in the general population. In subgroup analysis, the prevalence of T2DM was highest among patients with HIV who were female, older, other race, obese, hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, smokers, alcoholics, and those with a history of hepatitis C infection. Patients with no exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) had higher prevalence of T2DM than those with exposure (24.9% vs. 17.6%).ConclusionIn this US population-based study, we found 1 in 5 people living with HIV had prevalent T2DM. In addition, we observed that HIV-associated T2DM may not depend on chronic ART exposure. Physicians caring for patients with HIV should be aware of the association and should monitor for signs and symptoms of T2DM. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Prevalence of diabetes in the adult population of Novosibirsk

Aims. To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different age groups of the adult population of Novosibirsk, according to epidemiological studies in 20032005 and 20132016.&#x0D; Methods. We examined a representative population sample (assessed in 20032005) of men and women aged 4569 years in two administrative districts of Novosibirsk, as a part of the international HAPIEE project. According to the tables of random numbers, representative samples of men and women aged 4569 years were formed, to which letters were sent, inviting them to pass for examination. During 20132016, a second population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of a population of 2544-year-olds of both sexes. Participants were residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk. T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (diabetes: FPG 7.0 mmol/l; IFG: FPG 6.16.9 mmol/l).&#x0D; Results. The prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 4569 years was 11.3%, and overall, no significant difference in prevalence was found between females and males (11.3% vs. 11.0%).&#x0D; However, the overall prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 2544 years was 2.2%, and prevalence was higher in men (3.5%) than in women (1.1%), p 0.05.&#x0D; High prevalence of IFG was found in the 4569 age group (18.2%, in 20032005), and in the younger age group of 2544 years (21.6%, in 20132016). The high rate among young individuals is particularly alarming.&#x0D; Less than one half (4.8 out of 11.3%) of participants aged 4569 tested positive for T2DM, and only one in the age group 2544 years knew he/she had diabetes. This indicates a lack of knowledge among Siberians about their problem with diabetes.&#x0D; Conclusion. Approximately one in five adults had IFG. Among the adult population aged 4569 (in 20032005), 18.2% had IFG and 11.3% had T2DM. In individuals aged 2544 years in 20132016, IFG was observed in 21.6%, and 2.2% had T2DM (p0.05).

Secular trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults in China from 1995 to 2014: A meta-analysis.

The aim of the present study was to estimate trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults in China. A systematic search was conducted for studies of T2DM prevalence in adults in China from 2000 to 2014. Pooled prevalence was calculated by a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Chi-squared and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to assess differences among subgroups and pooled prevalence, respectively. Forty-six studies (data from 1995 to 2014; 1 463 079 adults) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 7.9%. The pooled prevalence overall and by location (urban and rural), gender (male and female), and age category (18-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years) was 4.5%, 5.1% and 3.0%, 4.0% and 4.2%, and 1.4%, 5.0%, and 10.3%, respectively, from 1995 to 1999; 6.6%, 9.3% and 5.6%, 7.4% and 7.5%, and 1.8%, 5.9%, and 12.4%, respectively, from 2000 to 2004; 10.3%, 11.8% and 6.8%, 10.0% and 8.6%, and 2.8%, 10.3%, and 20.0%, respectively, from 2005 to 2009; and 8.3%, 12.5% and 7.6%, 8.6% and 8.0%, and 3.5%, 8.5%, and 15.3%, respectively, from 2010 to 2014. The prevalence increased from 5.8% to 11.6% with per-capita gross domestic product and differed by diagnostic criteria. There was a trend of increasing prevalence of T2DM in adults in China from 1995 to 2009, with a decrease in 2010-14 and a greater increase over time in urban versus rural areas, males versus females, and older versus younger adults.

Type 2 Diabetes Among People With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To clarify the prevalence and predictors of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and where possible compare this to healthy controls. We searched major electronic databases until May 2015 for studies reporting T2DM prevalence in people with PTSD. Two independent authors extracted data and completed methodological quality appraisal. A random-effects meta-analysis was used. From 1171 candidate publications after exclusions, nine publications were included (n = 23,396; 28.6% male; mean age = 35-60 years). The overall prevalence of T2DM was 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.1%-12.0%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that war veterans experience higher prevalence of T2DM (16.3%; 95% CI = 5.2%-31.8%; n studies = 3, n = 473) compared with mixed samples (11.8%; 95% CI = 6.34-18.7, p < .001; n studies = 4, n = 2753). Increasing age (β = 0.0593, 95% CI = 0.010-0.109, z = 2.34, p = .019), median year of publication (β = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.14 to -0.03, z = -3.09, p = .002), and a lower percentage of white participants (β = -3.21, 95% CI = -5.12 to -1.29, z = -2.28, p = .001) predicted prevalence of T2DM. A relative risk meta-analysis comparing controls (n = 125,723) against those with PTSD (n = 23,203) demonstrated a significantly increased risk of T2DM (n studies = 5, relative risk = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.17-1.89, p = .001). People with PTSD are at a high risk for developing T2DM. The current findings should, however, be interpreted with caution because most studies were based on self-report data.

Prevalence and predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence and predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with bipolar disorder. We also compared the prevalence of T2DM in people with bipolar disorder versus age- and gender-matched healthy controls. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycARTICLES, and CINAHL were searched from inception till October 23, 2014 using the medical subject headings terms bipolar disorder AND diabetes OR glucose. There was no language restriction. Observational studies including retrospective, cross-sectional, and prospective designs were eligible if they included participants with bipolar disorder diagnosed according to recognized diagnostic criteria (DSM or ICD). Nineteen studies were included (n = 18,060; 54.8% male). Two independent authors extracted data in accordance with the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines and PRISMA statement. A random effects meta-analysis was utilized. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 9.4% (95% CI, 6.5%-12.7%). Compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n = 783,049; 48.7% male), people with bipolar disorder (n = 6,595; 48.6% male) had double the risk of T2DM (relative risk = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.6-2.4, P < .001). No significant moderators were found. In an exploratory regression analysis, the variance in T2DM prevalence in the background population was associated with the variance in T2DM prevalence in people with bipolar disorder (5 studies, n = 4,983) (r(2) = 0.85, t = 4.09, P = .03). T2DM is significantly more common in people with bipolar disorder than in healthy controls of similar age and sex. The current meta-analysis furthermore indicates that changes in food, built, and social environments are needed in order to curb the diabetes epidemic in this high-risk population.

TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A META-ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE ESTIMATES AND PREDICTORS.

Patients with depression may be at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. We aimed to clarify the prevalence and predictors of T2DM in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and where possible compare the prevalence of T2DM in those with MDD versus general population controls. We searched major electronic databases until December 2014 for studies reporting T2DM prevalence in patients with MDD. Two independent authors extracted data and completed methodological quality appraisal in accordance with the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. A random effects meta-analysis was utilized. The initial electronic database search resulted in 145 valid hits and 16 publications with clearly defined MDD (n = 15,8834; 31% male; mean age = 39-78 years) met the eligibility criteria. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 8.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.3-10.2%). Mean age of the MDD sample predicted a higher prevalence of T2DM (β = 0.0411; 95% CI = 0.0032-0.079, P = .03; R² = .22). A comparative meta-analysis revealed people with MDD (n = 154,366) had a higher risk of T2DM versus general controls (n = 2,098,063; relative risk [RR] = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.29-1.72; P < 0.001, N = 10). The RR (N = 3) focusing on age- and gender-matched general population controls (n = 103,555) was 1.36 (95% CI = 1.28-1.44; P < 0.001, n [MDD] = 10,895). T2DM is significantly more common in people with MDD compared with the general population. The current meta-analysis indicates that action is needed in order to curb the diabetes epidemic in this high-risk population.

Evaluation and Use of Registry Data in a GIS Analysis of Diabetes.

Objectivesto evaluate registry data routinely collected by the Chronic Disease Electronic Management System (CDEMS) in the monitoring of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Eastern half of the island and use the data to describe the spatial epidemiological patterns of T2DM.Design and MethodThe starting point was access and retrival of all exsisting data on the diabetes registry. This data was subsequently validated using handwritten medical records. Several clinical indicators were selected to evaluate the registry. The address of each patient was extracted and georeferenced using ArcGIS 10.0 and several maps were created.ResultsThe registry had data for thirteen (13) out of the sixteen (16) health facilities. We found that less than 15 percent of all patients actually had diabetic indicator tests done according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 20.8 per 1000 population. The highest prevalence of diabetes occurred at the northeastern tip of the island. In addition 57.58% of patients with T2DM resided inland and 40.75% of patients residing on the coastal areas.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we provide evidence that the data collected by the diabetes registry although lacking in many areas was adequate for spatial epidemiological analysis.