Over-the-scope Clip Research Articles

Guidewire-assisted over-the-scope clip delivery method into the distal intestine: a case series

Background The Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) has been recently introduced for multiple purposes, including refractory bleeding, perforation, fistula, and anastomotic dehiscence of the gastrointestinal tract. However, no easy access techniques for delivering OTSCs to distant sites have been described. Therefore, we have developed a simple and safe guidewire-assisted OTSC delivery (GOD) method for use on the distal intestine. This study aimed to investigate the technical feasibility and safety of the method. Material and methods Between June 2018 and April 2019, all eight patients who underwent the GOD method were retrospectively examined. The primary outcome was the successful rate of OTSC delivery to the lesion without complications. The secondary outcomes were GOD procedure time, total procedure time, technical and clinical OTSC success rates, and GOD- and OTSC-associated complications. Results The rate of successful OTSC delivery was 100%. The median procedure time of GOD was 21 min (range 8–29). The median total procedure time was 38.5 min (range 26–41). The technical and clinical success rates of OTSC were 100% and 75% (6/8), respectively. No GOD- or OTSC-associated complications occurred. Conclusions The GOD method is a feasible and safe technique for delivering OTSC toward the small and proximal large intestine.

Clinical efficacy of the over-the-scope clip device: A systematic review.

BACKGROUNDThe over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system has been increasingly utilized as a non-surgical option to endoscopically manage refractory gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, perforations/luminal defects and fistulas. Limited data exist evaluating the efficacy and safety of OTSC.AIMTo determine the clinical success and adverse event (AE) rates of OTSC across all GI indications.METHODSA PubMed search was conducted for eligible articles describing the application of the OTSC system for any indication in the GI tract. Any article or case series reporting data for less than 5 total patients was excluded. The primary outcome was the rate of clinical success. Secondary outcomes included: Technical success rate, OTSC-related AE rate and requirement for surgical intervention despite-OTSC placement. Pooled rates (per-indication and overall) were calculated as the number of patients with the event of interest divided by the total number of patients.RESULTSA total of 85 articles met our inclusion criteria (n = 3025 patients). OTSC was successfully deployed in 94.4% of patients (n = 2856/3025). The overall rate of clinical success (all indications) was 78.4% (n = 2371/3025). Per-indication clinical success rates were as follows: (1) 86.0% (1120/1303) for GI hemorrhage; (2) 85.3% (399/468) for perforation; (3) 55.8% (347/622) for fistulae; (4) 72.6% (284/391) for anastomotic leaks; (5) 92.8% (205/221) for defect closure following endoscopic resection (e.g., following endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection); and (6) 80.0% (16/20) for stent fixation. AE’s related to the deployment of OTSC were only reported in 64 of 85 studies (n = 1942 patients), with an overall AE rate of 2.1% (n = 40/1942). Salvage surgical intervention was required in 4.7% of patients (n = 143/3025).CONCLUSIONThis systematic review demonstrates that the OTSC system is a safe and effective endoscopic therapy to manage GI hemorrhage, perforations, anastomotic leaks, defects created by endoscopic resections and for stent fixation. Clinical success in fistula management appears limited. Further studies, including randomized controlled trials comparing OTSC with conventional and/or surgical therapies, are needed to determine which indication(s) are the most effective for its use.

OTSC assisted EFTR for the treatment of GIST: 40 cases analysis

Background and aims To verify the safety and efficacy of over-the-scope clip (OTSC)-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) for the excision of stromal tumors. Material and methods Forty patients with gastric stromal tumors treated in the Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital from December 2015 to March 2017 were included in this study. The surgical procedures included marking the lesion boundaries, cutting open the top surface of the lesion, installing an OTS, sucking the lesion into the transparent cap of the anatomical clip which was then released, application of an endoloop for EFTR, and confirming the complete resection and pathological examination of the lesion. Statistical analysis of the tumor site and size, operation time, success rates, complications, pathological examination results, and follow-up status was performed. Results The average operation duration was 38.40 ± 24.9 min. Three cases had an incomplete resection, but the lesion was later found to have fallen off together with the OTSC. Therefore, the treatment success rate was 100%. Postoperative pathological examination revealed leiomyomas in four cases and stromal tumors in the remaining 36 cases. Conclusions OTSC-assisted EFTR is safe and effective for resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, especially for those <20 mm in size.

Over-The-Scope Clip system as a first-line therapy for high-risk bleeding peptic ulcers: a retrospective study.

Effective hemostasis is essential to prevent rebleeding. We evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of the Over-The-Scope Clip (OTSC) system compared to combined therapy (through-the-scope clips with epinephrine injection) as a first-line endoscopic treatment for high-risk bleeding peptic ulcers. We retrospectively analyzed data of 95 patients from a single, tertiary center and underwent either OTSC (n = 46) or combined therapy (n = 49). The primary outcome of the present study was the efficacy of the OTSC system as a first-line therapy in patients with high-risk bleeding peptic ulcers compared to combined therapy with TTS clips and epinephrine injection. The secondary outcomes included the rebleeding rate, perforation rate, mean procedure time, reintervention rate, mean procedure cost and days of hospitalization in the two study groups within 30days of the index procedure. All patients achieved hemostasis within the procedure; two patients in the OTSC group and four patients in the combined therapy group developed rebleeding (p = 0.444). No patients experienced gastrointestinal perforation. OTSC had a shorter median procedure time than combined therapy (11min versus 20min; p < 0.001). The procedure cost was superior for OTSC compared to combined therapy ($102,000 versus $101,000; p < 0.001). We found no significant difference in the rebleeding prevention rate (95.6% versus 91.8%, p = 0.678), hospitalization days (3days versus 4days; p = 0.215), and hospitalization costs ($108,000 versus $240,000, p = 0.215) of the OTSC group compared to the combined therapy group. OTSC treatment is an effective and feasible first-line therapy for high-risk bleeding peptic ulcers. OTSC confers comparable costs and patient outcomes as combined treatments, with a shorter procedure time.

FAİLED ATTEMPT AT COLONİC PERFORATİON CLOSURE WİTH OVER THE SCOPE CLİP (OTSC): CASE REPORT

Giriş: Kolonoskopik perforasyon, alt gastrointestinal sistem görüntülemeleri sırasında görülebilecek en ciddi komplikasyonlardan bir tanesidir. Gastrointestinal sistem perforasyonu, hava kaçağına, gastrik veya intestinal sıvıların sızmasına, safra veya gaitanın batın içine sızması ile peritonit, pnömoperitonyum ve sepsis gibi ciddi durumlara neden olabilir. İatrojenik perforasyon yönetimi ve güvenli endoskopik kapatma teknikleri büyük ilgi görmektedir. Gastrointestinal perforasyonlarının kapatılması için over the scope clips (OTSC)'lerin through the scope clips(TTS)’e göre üstün olduğu bildirilmektedir. Biz bu yazıda sigmoid kolon perforasyonu nedeni ile OTSC uygulanan ancak başarısız olması nedeni ile TTS ile onarım sağlanan vakamızı sunmayı amaçladık.Olgu: 73 yaş kadın hastada kolonoskopi işlemi sırasında sigmoid kolon ortalarında kolonoskopi ilişkili perforasyon gelişmesi nedeni ile OTSC uygulandı ve defekt kapatıldı. Ancak birkaç dakika sonra yapılan kontrol kolonoskopide OTSC klipsin tuttuğu dokuyu bıraktığı görülmesi nedeni ile defekt 5 adet TTS klips ile kapatıldı. Tartışma: OTSC sistemi, gastrointestinal kanama, perforasyon, anastomoz kaçağı ve fistül tedavisinde başarıyla kullanılabilen yeni bir tekniktir. OTSC ile genel başarı oranının, iatrojenik gastrointestinal perforasyonların kapatılmasında % 75 ila % 100 arasında olduğu bildirilmekle beraber, başarılı OTSC uygulaması sonrası erken dönemde doku gerilimine bağlı olarak klipsin dokuyu bırakabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.

Endoscopic management of gastro‐bronchial fistula following two‐stage esophagectomy using over‐the‐scope‐clip (OTSC): Case series

AbstractPost‐esophagectomy gastro‐bronchial fistula (GBF) has significant morbidity and mortality. Management of GBF remains non standardized due to its rarity and limited available evidence. Reoperation and surgical repair have been the main approach. More recently, multimodal endoscopic treatment is gaining popularity as primary treatment option due to its relatively non invasiveness, increasing evidence of success rate, and reduced morbidity. We present a case series of post‐esophagectomy GBF managed endoscopically using over‐the‐scope‐clip (OTSC). A dedicated, prospective, and contemporaneous regional upper gastrointestinal cancer database was searched to identify post‐esophagectomy GBF from January 2015 to December 2017. Clinical notes and investigation images of identified cases were analyzed. Three patients developed post‐esophagectomy GBF during the study period. The mean age of patients was 53. The mean time of GBF diagnosis was 233 days (range: 20‐608). Two patients had endoscopic stent placement prior to OTSC application. Primary technical success was achieved in all patients. No adverse events were reported. Two patients had complete healing of GBF and the mean healing time was 15 days (range: 6‐24). One patient who had significant co‐morbidities (peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, hepatitis C, rheumatoid arthritis, and heavy smoker) developed a persistent leak of GBF and died from a cardiac event. GBF and its surgical treatment are associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present this case series where two out of three patients with GBF were successfully treated with this modality. Endoscopic therapy incorporating OTSC placement is a feasible option in the management of post‐esophagectomy GBF. Further studies are required to understand and establish its role in the treatment algorithm of post‐esophagectomy GBF.

Treatment of Persistent Leaks After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy with the Simultaneous Over-the-Scope Clip (OTSC) and Mega Stent Strategy.

Persistent staple-line leak is a challenging complication after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) (Ovesco®, Tübingen, Germany) and the Mega stent (Taewoong medical, Seoul, South Korea) recently gained encouraging results in the management of early leaks. This is a retrospective series (n = 8) focused on the management of persistent leaks after LSG with the simultaneous OTSC/Mega stent strategy. Seven patients underwent primary LSG. The median time from LSG to OTSC/Mega stent treatment was 48.5days (range 28-63), and the median defect size was 9.5mm (range 7-12). The median time to clear liquid diet, hospital length of stay, and overall treatment time were 4days (range 2-5), 31days (range 26-57), and 47days (range 34-107), respectively. Overall success rate was 87.5%. Postoperative morbidity was 25%. The mean follow-up time was 18months (range 3-24) with no fistula recurrence.

Short-term outcomes of OTSC for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Introduction There are several reports on the use of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) for gastrointestinal bleeding/fistula and endoscopic iatrogenic perforation. However, there are almost no reports on OTSC use for anastomotic leakage (AL) after colorectal cancer surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of AL closure using the OTSC. Material and methods Five patients who had undergone AL after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer from April 2017 to April 2019 were evaluated. Results The average distance from the anal verge of the anastomosis site was 12 (5–18) cm. The average diameter of the dehiscent part was 10.9 (9.3–14.4) mm. The average number of OTSC days after the occurrence of AL was 11 (5–22). On the contrast examination immediately after OTSC, all cases were completely closed, but in the later contrast examination, only one case remained completely closed. The average incompletely closed diameter was 3.6 (2.9–5.1) mm, and the diameter of the dehiscent part was reduced in all cases. Only one patient ultimately underwent colostomy; the rest were cured with OTSC alone. Conclusion AL site closure using the OTSC after colorectal cancer surgery is a useful minimally invasive treatment when combined with appropriate drain management.

The Efficacy of Over-the-Scope Clip Closure for Gastrointestinal Iatrogenic Perforation During Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for Pancreaticobiliary Diseases.

Intestinal perforation is a severe adverse event during pancreaticobiliary endoscopy. The use of over-the-scope clip (OTSC) has recently increased; however, the efficacy of OTSC during pancreaticobiliary endoscopy has not been well studied. To evaluate the efficacy of OTSC for the closure of gastrointestinal iatrogenic perforation during pancreaticobiliary endoscopy. This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study conducted at 3 tertiary care centers. The inclusion criteria were patients who had gastrointestinal perforation during endoscopic procedures for pancreaticobiliary diseases and underwent perforation closure using OTSC. The primary outcome was the clinical success rate. Secondary outcomes were technical success rates, adverse event rates, and the duration until the start of oral intake after OTSC. Ten patients were treated by OTSC from January 2013 to December 2017. In 2 out of 10, the perforations could not be closed completely. In the remaining 8, perforations were closed completely, but intestinal obstruction caused by OTSC occurred in 1 patient. The clinical success rate was 80% (8/10). The technical and adverse event rates were 80% (8/10) and 10% (1/10), respectively. A median resumption timing of oral intake was 5 days (range, 3 to 10 d). OTSC is considered as effective management for perforations during pancreaticobiliary endoscopy, although careful consideration is required for the indication of OTSC.

Endoscopic management of leaks and fistulas after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundEndoscopic techniques have become the first-line therapy in bariatric surgery-related complications such as leaks and fistulas. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of self-expandable stents, clipping, and tissue sealants in closing of post-bariatric surgery leak/fistula.MethodsA systematic literature search of the Medline/Scopus databases was performed to identify full-text articles published up to February 2019 on the use of self-expandable stents, clipping, or tissue sealants as primary endoscopic strategies used for leak/fistula closure. Meta-analysis of studies reporting stents was performed with the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsData concerning the efficacy of self-expanding stents in the treatment of leaks/fistulas after bariatric surgery were extracted from 40 studies (493 patients). The overall proportion of successful leak/fistula closure was 92% (95% CI, 90–95%). The overall proportion of stent migration was 23% (95% CI, 19–28%). Seventeen papers (98 patients) reported the use of clipping: the over-the-scope clips (OTSC) system was used in 85 patients with a successful closure rate of 67.1% and a few complications (migration, stenosis, tear). The successful fistula/leak closure using other than OTSC types was achieved in 69.2% of patients. In 10 case series (63 patients), fibrin glue alone was used with a 92.8–100% success rate of fistula closure that usually required repeated sessions at scheduled intervals. The complications of fibrin glue applications were reported in only one study and included pain and fever in 12.5% of patients.ConclusionsEndoscopic techniques are effective for management of post-bariatric leaks and fistulas in properly selected patients.

Bariatric reduction system – BARS: device, technique and first clinical experience

Background Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (RYGB) is one of the most effective bariatric procedures, but the rate of weight regain (WR) can reach 63% after the second year. Enlargement of the gastrojejunal anastomosis is one of the reported causes. A newly CE-marked flexible endoscopic system, Bariatric Anastomotic Reduction System (BARS) (Ovesco Endoscopy, Tuebingen, Germany), derivative of the well-established endoscopic over-the-scope-clip (OTSC) clipping system, has been recently developed. It was tested in pre-clinical and preliminary clinical use for feasibility and effectiveness in bariatric anastomotic reduction. Material and methods Using a single-channel endoscope with external supplemental working channel, the BARS device captures the two limbs of the anastomosis, reducing its size, thus slowing food passage. After preclinical assessment, six patients with at least a 15% WR and the presence of an enlarged gastrojejunostomy > 20 mm were enrolled. The mean patient age was 49 years (range 24–67). Average interval between gastric bypass and BARS procedure: 8 years (4–13). Results All procedures were safely performed without complications. Mean procedure time: 52 min (37 − 75). Preliminary results: mean weight loss 6 kg (4–9) at a 3-month FU. Conclusions BARS could be a promising endoscopic system in case of WR after gastric bypass due to enlargement of the anastomosis.

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection using a scissors-type knife with prophylactic over-the-scope clip closure for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors.

This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using a scissors-type knife with prophylactic closure using over-the-scope clip (OTSC) for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs). Consecutive patients who underwent ESD for SNADETs >10 mm between January 2009 and July 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. We performed ESD using either a needle-type knife (Flush Knife-ESD) or a scissors-type knife (Clutch Cutter-ESD). Mucosal defects were prophylactically closed using three methods: conventional clip, laparoscopic closure, or OTSC. A total of 84 lesions were resected using the Flush Knife-ESD and the Clutch Cutter-ESD (37 and 47 patients, respectively), and conventional clip, laparoscopic closure, and OTSC for mucosal defect closure after ESD were applied in 13, 13, and 56 lesions, respectively. The R0 resection rate was significantly higher in the Clutch Cutter-ESD than that in the Flush Knife-ESD (97.9% vs 83.8%, respectively, P = 0.040). The intraoperative perforation rate was significantly lower in the Clutch Cutter-ESD than in the Flush Knife-ESD (0% vs 13.5%, respectively, P = 0.014). Complete closure rates of conventional clip, laparoscopic closure, and OTSC were 76.9%, 92.3%, and 98.2%, respectively (P = 0.021); and delayed perforation rates were 15.4%, 7.7%, and 1.8%, respectively (P = 0.092). Endoscopic submucosal dissection using a scissors-type knife with prophylactic OTSC closure is safe and feasible for the low-invasive treatment of SNADETs.

Over-the-scope clip vs epinephrine with clip for first-line hemostasis in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a propensity score match analysis.

Background and study aims The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) is a novel tool used to improve the maintenance of hemostasis for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB); however, studies on the comparison with “conventional” techniques are lacking. In this study, we aimed to compare first-line endoscopic hemostasis achieved using conventional techniques with that achieved using OTSC placement for NVUGIB. Patients and methods From January 2007 to March 2018, 793 consecutive patients underwent upper endoscopy with the hemostasis procedure. Among them, 327 patients were eligible for inclusion (112 patients had OTSC placement and 215 underwent conventional hemostasis). After propensity score matching and adjustment for confounding factors, 84 patients were stratified into the “conventional” group and 84 into the OTSC group. Patient characteristics and outcomes (rebleeding rate, mortality rate within 30 days, and adverse events) were compared between the two groups. Results In the unmatched cohort, hemostasis with OTSC was more frequent in cases of duodenal ulcers with Forrest Ia to IIa and in patients with a higher Rockall score compared with the “conventional group”. In the matched cohort, 93 % of the patients in the “conventional group” underwent hemostasis with epinephrine + through-the-scope clip. Rebleeding events were significantly less frequent in the OTSC group (8 % vs 20 %, 95 %CI 3 – 16 vs 12 – 30; P = 0.02); however, the mortality rate in the two groups was not significantly different (6 % vs 2 %, 95 %CI 1 – 8 vs 2 – 13; P = 0.4). Conclusions OTSC is a safe and effective tool for achieving hemostasis, and we recommend its use as the first-line therapy for lesions with a high risk of rebleeding and in patients with a high risk Rockall score.

Over-the-scope clip application for severe gastrointestinal bleeding, leak, or perforation: A single-center experience.

Over-the-scope clip (OTSC) devices are now widely used by endoscopists for gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, or leakage. The present study aims to examine the therapeutic success rate of this technique. This was a single-center, retrospective study. In this study, 23 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, leakage, or perforation were included. The procedure was performed by an experienced endoscopist. Of the patients with an upper gastrointestinal tract defect, six had a perforation and there was one case of anastomosis leakage. Eight patients had a perforation in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and there were two cases of anastomosis leakage. Bleeding was detected in only six patients and all of them were upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Anastomosis leaks, perforations, and bleeding were treated with OTSC and additional procedures. The success rate of OTSC clipping alone was 56.5%. However, the success rate was 86.9% with additional therapeutic procedures (clamp, stent, sclerotherapy). Analysis according to categories of bleeding, perforation, and anastomosis leak revealed that the success rate of the clip application in bleeding was significantly higher than that of perforation or anastomosis leak (p=0.002). The median length of stay in the hospital was five days (min-max: 2-30 days). There were no complications associated with the OTSC procedure. OTSC is a safe and effective method for the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, or anastomosis leak.

Outcomes of over-the-scope clip application in various gastrointestinal indications: experience from a tertiary care in India.

BackgroundRecent advances in endoscopic tools and techniques have allowed the minimally invasive management of iatrogenic gastrointestinal (GI) perforations and bleedings. However, surgery may be required in cases with larger defects and bleeding refractory to conventional endoscopic modalities. The use of over-the-scope clips (OTSC) has been shown to improve the outcomes in these patients compared with conventional treatment modalities. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of OTSC for different indications in the GI tract.MethodsThe data of consecutive patients in whom OTSC was utilized for different indications between February 2017 and October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The following outcomes were recorded: technical and clinical success, and adverse events related to the procedure.ResultsThirty-six patients (22 male, mean age 52.673±14.97 years, range 11-72 years) underwent OTSC application. Indications for OTSC were: GI defects (perforation n=13, fistula n=5); esophageal metallic stent fixing n=9; GI bleeding n=8; and neuroendocrine tumor endotherapy n=1. The average size of the defect was 15.88±8.01 mm. The technical and clinical success rates were 88.89% and 83.33%, respectively. There were 4 (11.1%) technical failures: colonic perforations n=2; duodenal ulcer bleeding n=1; and esophageal metal stent fixation n=1. There were 2 (9.5%) adverse events, including 1 partial duodenal obstruction and 1 delayed bleeding.ConclusionsThe use of OTSC is safe, easy and effective for various indications in the GI tract. Prospective trials are required to see if the use of OTSC is cost effective as a primary endoscopic treatment method in these cases.

Endoscopic management of iatrogenic EUS-related duodenal perforations with over-the-scope clips.

Background and study aims Iatrogenic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) perforations are life-threatening adverse event and to date, surgery has been the main treatment for them. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and safety of conservative treatment with over-the-scope clips (OTSC). Patients and methods We performed a retrospective study, including iatrogenic EUS duodenal perforation with conservative endoscopic management from 2011 to August 2018. Patients who initial had surgical management were excluded. Results In 8504 EUS procedure occurred, 13 perforations occurred (0.15 %). Eleven patients were included in the study, all women. Mean patient age was 75 years (range 68 – 88). Eighth of 11 perforations (72.7 %) were due to a radial probe and three of 11 (27.3 %) were due to a curvilinear probe. Eleven procedures (100 %) were performed as diagnostic. Defect size ranged from 10 to 15 mm. All procedures were successful. Three of eleven patients (27 %) had a stay in intensive care unit for less than 72 hours and length of total hospital stay ranged from 3 to 22 days. Conclusion Conservative endoscopic treatment of Iatrogenic EUS perforation, with OTSC is feasible, efficient and safe.

Two Cases of Enterocutaneous Fistula Treated with Over-The-Scope Clip (OTSC) due to Anastomotic Leakage after Sigmoidectomy for Diverculitis

Two Cases of Enterocutaneous Fistula Treated with Over-The-Scope Clip (OTSC) due to Anastomotic Leakage after Sigmoidectomy for Diverculitis

Clinical outcomes of over-the-scope-clip system for the treatment of acute upper non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundConventional endoscopic treatments can’t control bleeding in as many as 20% of patients with non-variceal gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Recent studies have shown that over-the-scope-clip (OTSC) system allowed for effective hemostasis for refractory GI bleeding lesions. So we aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the OTSC system for management of acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding.MethodA comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library covering the period from January 2007 to May 2019. The literature was selected independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The statistical analysis was carried out using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0.ResultsA total of 16 studies including 769 patients with 778 GI bleeding lesions were identified. Pooled technical success was achieved in 761 lesions [95.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 93.5–97.2%], and the pooled clinical success was achieved in 666 lesions (84.2, 95% CI, 77.4–89.2%). The incidence of re-bleeding was reported in 81 patients and the post-procedure mortality was 10.9% (n = 84). Only 2 (0.3%) patients occurred complications after OTSC system procedure.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that the OTSC system was a technically feasible modality and highly efficacious in achieving hemostasis in acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Endoscopic Management with a Novel Over-The-Scope Padlock Clip System.

Background/Aims:The Padlock clip is a recently introduced over-the-scope clip (OTSC) that requires the use of an alternate technique and has a different design from previous OTSCs. However, data regarding its clinical use are limited. The aim of this study is to present our clinical experience using this novel Padlock clip system. Methods:Between September 2018 and June 2019, 7 consecutive patients underwent Padlock clip application at our center by an experienced endoscopist. A Padlock clip was used for achieving hemostasis in 4 patients presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, as well as for endoscopic full-thickness resection in the remaining 3 patients. Results:All 7 patients achieved technical as well as clinical success, with absence of complications or rebleeding, during a follow-up of a minimum of 3 weeks. All patients were hospitalized post procedure for a minimum of 48 hours, and an absence of adverse events was noted in our patient population throughout the procedure and post-procedure period. Antiplatelet therapy was reinstated shortly after the application of the Padlock clip, with no GI bleeding observed. Conclusions:The Padlock clip is a novel OTSC, with benefits that include safe, simple, and rapid deployment. Antiplatelet therapy may be reinstated for patients, when necessary, shortly after applying the Padlock clip due to full-thickness closure of the tissue.

Esophageal Perforations: An Endoscopic Approach to Management.

Esophageal perforations are associated with high morbidity and mortality. As opposed to surgical repair, endoscopic closure techniques have emerged over the years as a more minimally invasive approach for management. Our goal is to discuss different modalities for closure. Through-the-scope clips (TTSCs), over-the-scope clips (OTSCs), and esophageal stent placement are well known options for closure. We will also discuss the more recent technique of endoscopic suturing for closure of larger defects as well as prevention of esophageal stent migration. For mediastinal collections associated with perforations, a more novel endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT) for drainage may be an option. Overall, there are several different endoscopic options that can tailored to the specific features of an esophageal perforation. This review will discuss various techniques with which a gastroenterologist or thoracic surgeon should be familiar.