Voltage Overshoot Research Articles

A Positive Output Buck-Boost Converter with Extensive Linear Conversion Ratio Adjustment Range

The article introduces a non-isolated positive output buck-boost converter that is capable of operating across a wide duty cycle range. The converter exhibits low nonlinearity in its voltage gain relative to D, thereby enhancing its capability to regulate output voltage or effectively regulate current over a broad duty cycle spectrum. A comparison of the performance of the proposed converter with existing converters is presented, with a particular consideration of the DC gain, voltage and current stresses on switches and diodes, and inductor currents. The comprehensive calculations include ideal and practical voltage gains, current assessments, stress analysis on components, parameter design, efficiency, and brief discussions on the discontinuous conduction mode and boundary conditions. The converter exhibits peak efficiencies of approximately 98.98% in boost mode and 99.16% in buck mode, which represent a notable advancement in power electronics. It is noteworthy that the converter displays minimal current and voltage overshoot in buck mode with a conversion ratio below 3. The overshoot relative to the normalized current is less than 1, reaching a minimum of 0.21, while the voltage overshoot is as low as 0.51. This contributes to superior buck mode efficiency. A laboratory model was developed with great care to validate the converter's experimental outcomes and theoretical evaluations. This provides reassurance about the reliability of the research.

Voltage profile enhancement of an AVR system using ant lion optimization algorithm

Abstract This paper addresses voltage regulation, which is a critical issue in power systems. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) plays a crucial role in maintaining voltage regulation within permissible limits The AVR system's dynamic behaviour is improved by applying the Proportional (KP) Integral (KI) Derivative (KD) (PID) controller. The primary challenges of using a PID controller in AVR include difficulties in tuning parameters to handle nonlinearities, load disturbances, and system dynamics, leading to potential instability, overshoot, or slow response. The controller parameters are tuned with Ant Lion Optimisation (ALO) algorithm and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) as an objective function. Also, the proposed system has the ability to improve the transient response of AVR by decreasing the maximum overshoot, settling time, rise time, and peak time magnitudes of the generator terminal voltage with eliminating the steady state error. Once the suggested method had produced the best values for the three gains i.e., KP, KI, and KD of the PID controller, a transient response analysis is examined and compared with some of the existing techniques such as Bat Algorithm (BA), Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) and Biogeography Based Optimisation (BBO) algorithm to highlight the novelty of the proposed ALO optimized PID controller. Transient response analysis, root locus analysis, and bode analysis are used to assess the AVR system's stability. Comparisons to three well-known optimization techniques corroborate the findings. The results show that this new suggested method performs exceptionally well even when there are significant variations in power system parameters and load uncertainties.

Analysis on dynamic characteristics and control strategy of medium structure network converter in new energy medium voltage flexible interconnection project

Abstract In view of the possible voltage and current overshoot problems in the process of new energy grid connection, the dynamic characteristics analysis and control strategy of the network converter in the new medium voltage flexible interconnection project are proposed. Firstly, a synchronous control strategy based on voltage phase and amplitude compensation is proposed. Then, based on the characteristics of new AC-DC hybrid distribution network, the new energy medium voltage flexible interconnection network is analyzed. The simulation experiment reveals the dynamic response characteristics of the new energy grid converter under frequency interference and load change.

Design and Analysis of a Low Voltage Overshoot CAN Transceiver Interface Circuit

Design and Analysis of a Low Voltage Overshoot CAN Transceiver Interface Circuit

Adaptive energy management strategy for a DC microgrid using intelligent Controller

ABSTRACT This paper presents the enhanced operation of a standalone DC microgrid (DCMG) consisting of PV, Fuel cell (FC), battery and supercapacitor (SC). Intermittent variations in PV power and loads are a common problem in standalone systems. Therefore, a novel energy management and control strategy based on hybrid fuzzy and proportional-integral controllers (H-FPI) is proposed to effectively distribute power between the battery and the SC. FLCs are designed based on Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) to generate a duty cycle to control bidirectional DC–DC controllers (BDCs) associated with battery and SC. The proposed work utilizes a battery and SC as a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), while the reference current for controlling the charge through them is generated via a filtration-based technique. This optimization enhances battery longevity by diverting high-frequency and uncompensated power components toward the SC. Digital simulations substantiate the effectiveness of this energy management and control strategy. The proposed controller demonstrates its efficacy across all considered scenarios, with maximum undershoot and overshoot limited to 3.79% and 3.65%, respectively, well within the acceptable range prescribed by IEEE std. 519–1992 (±5%). Furthermore, the results are compared with conventional controller and robustness of H-FPI controller is tested against the benchmarks such as settling time, overshoot, and undershoot in DC bus voltage ( V DC ) .

Multi-Fault-Tolerant Operation of Grid-Interfaced Photovoltaic Inverters Using Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Agent

The elevated penetration of renewable energy has seen a significant increase in the integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into the electricity network. According to various industrial standards on interconnection and interoperability, IBRs should be able to withstand variability in grid conditions. Positive sequence voltage-oriented control (PSVOC) with a feed-forward decoupling approach is often adopted to ensure closed-loop control of inverters. However, the dynamic response of this control scheme deteriorates during fluctuations in the grid voltage due to the sensitivity of proportional–integral controllers, the presence of the direct- and quadrature-axis voltage terms in the cross-coupling, and predefined saturation limits. As such, a twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient-based voltage-oriented control (TD3VOC) is formulated and trained to provide effective current control of inverter-based resources under various dynamic conditions of the grid through transfer learning. The actor–critic-based reinforcement learning agent is designed and trained using the model-free Markov decision process through interaction with a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter environment developed in MATLAB/Simulink® 2023b. Using the standard PSVOC method results in inverter input voltage overshoots of up to 2.50 p.u., with post-fault current restoration times of as high as 0.55 s during asymmetrical faults. The designed TD3VOC technique confines the DC link voltage overshoot to 1.05 p.u. and achieves a low current recovery duration of 0.01 s after fault clearance. In the event of a severe symmetric fault, the conventional control method is unable to restore the inverter operation, leading to integral-time absolute errors of 0.60 and 0.32 for the currents of the d and q axes, respectively. The newly proposed agent-based control strategy restricts cumulative errors to 0.03 and 0.09 for the d and q axes, respectively, thus improving inverter regulation. The results indicate the superior performance of the proposed control scheme in maintaining the stability of the inverter DC link bus voltage, reducing post-fault system recovery time, and limiting negative sequence currents during severe asymmetrical and symmetrical grid faults compared with the conventional PSVOC approach.

A soft-start scheme based on mismatch of OPA for DC-DC converters

A soft-start scheme based on mismatch of OPA for DC-DC converters

Closed-loop control strategy design for Caputo–Fabrizio definition-based fractional-order Boost converters considering parametric uncertainties

This paper proposes a dual closed-loop adaptive PI control system based on parameter identification for Caputo–Fabrizio (C-F) definition-based fractional-order boost converters. First, a C-F definition-based fractional-order model of the Boost converter is derived. Afterward, an online component parameter identification method is proposed to obtain the values and orders of capacitors and inductors in the proposed model. Based on these identified parameters, a dual closed-loop adaptive PI control system considering parametric uncertainties for the Boost converters is designed using the frequency domain analysis method. Finally, simulation validations are conducted. The online parameter identification method can accurately identify the values and orders of capacitors and inductors. The identification error is less than [Formula: see text] for the capacitance value and [Formula: see text] for the other parameters. Moreover, the proposed control system can automatically adjust the parameters with changes in the component parameters, effectively improving the robustness. Compared to traditional PI controllers, when the parameters of components change, the proposed control system can reduce voltage overshoot by [Formula: see text] in the case of sudden changes in the input voltage. These results confirm the efficacy of the proposed online parameter identification method and the dual closed-loop adaptive PI control system.

Recent advances in LDO chip research

Abstract. With the rapid development of integrated circuit technology and the wide application of Internet of things devices, the demand for power management chips is increasing. Low-dropout regulators (LDO) play an important role in modern electronic devices. It provides a stable low output voltage while maintaining low power consumption. Recently some progress has been made in the research of LDO chips, focusing on improving power efficiency, reducing static current, and enhancing transient response. The study shows that the static current has been significantly reduced by using the subthreshold MOS tube and dynamic current bias technology. In terms of power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), by improving the circuit design, the PSRR of LDO can be maintained above -80 dB under various conditions. In addition, improvements to the transient response result in significantly optimized overshoot and recovery times of the output voltage, ensuring voltage stability when the load changes rapidly. These advances enable LDO chips to meet the demanding requirements of high-performance and Internet of things device applications. Future challenges include further reducing static current, improving PSRR performance in high-frequency environments, and effectively addressing thermal management issues.

A Programmable Gate Driver Module-Based Multistage Voltage Regulation SiC MOSFET Switching Strategy

Silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), as a new material, have the advantages of low drain-source resistance, high thermal conductivity, low leakage current, and high switching frequency compared with silicon (Si)-based MOSFETs. Therefore, in many industrial applications, Si MOSFETs have been replaced by SiC MOSFETs. However, as the switching speed increases exponentially, some problems are amplified, the most serious of which is the overshoot of current and voltage. The increase in voltage and current slope caused by high switching speeds inevitably leads to overshoot, oscillations, and additional losses in the circuit. This paper focusses on the actual performance of the optimised switching strategy (OSS) in circuit testing and combines the existing simulation results to verify the practicability of OSS. In this paper, the optimised switching strategy is introduced first, and then, the LTspice model of SiC MOSFET is established in detail and verifies the feasibility of the OSS through half-bridge circuit simulation. Finally, the test platform is built using a programmable gate drive module (2ASC-12A1HP). Through a 400 V/30 A double-pulse test, the practicality of the OSS is verified. The experiments show that the OSS can greatly improve the switching performance of SiC MOSFETs.

Numerical study on dynamic response characteristics of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer under transient loading

Numerical study on dynamic response characteristics of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer under transient loading

Clarify the process of overshoot voltage generation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer under intermittent operation

Clarify the process of overshoot voltage generation of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer under intermittent operation

Analog One-Cycle Control Strategy for Stable Battery Charging in Photovoltaic Systems

The growing adoption of photovoltaic systems for direct electricity generation from solar radiation has underscored the importance of efficient energy storage solutions. Batteries are the predominant method for storing energy from photovoltaic systems, especially for applications such as electric vehicle (EV) charging. However, these systems face significant challenges, particularly regarding battery longevity, as fluctuations in solar irradiation can lead to harmful voltage spikes. This paper introduces an Analog One-Cycle Control (OCC) strategy designed to mitigate these issues by stabilizing the battery voltage against varying input voltages. The proposed control scheme aims to enhance battery life by preventing damage caused by voltage overshoots. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the OCC strategy in maintaining steady-state conditions and optimizing power management.

Active Disturbance Rejection Control Combined with Improved Model Predictive Control for Large-Capacity Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids

In DC microgrids, a large-capacity hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is introduced to eliminate variable fluctuations of distributed source powers and load powers. Aiming at improving disturbance immunity and decreasing adjustment time, this paper proposes active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) combined with improved MPC for n + 1 parallel converters of large-capacity hybrid energy storage systems. ADRC is utilized in outer voltage control loops, and improved MPC is employed in inner current control loops of n battery converters. Droop control is adopted to obtain power distribution between n battery converters, and a DC bus voltage compensator is used to compensate voltage deviations and maintain constant DC bus voltage. The low-pass filter (LPF) is adopted to obtain high-frequency power as the reference for the supercapacitor converter, ADRC is also utilized in the outer power control loop, and MPC is employed in the inner current control loop. Compared with traditional observers, the voltage expansion state observer of the proposed ADRC control is independent of the system model and parameters and consequently has strong disturbance immunity, and significantly reduces voltage overshoots during power fluctuations. The MPC-based inner current control loops of n + 1 converters accelerate current response speed and significantly decrease switching losses. Simulation and experimental results indicate that utilizing the proposed control strategies, large-capacity HESS has stronger anti-interference ability, shorter regulation time, smaller switching loss, and simultaneously maintains the stability of the DC bus voltage.

Insight into the mechanisms and in-plane reaction heterogeneity of the dynamic response of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Insight into the mechanisms and in-plane reaction heterogeneity of the dynamic response of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Research on power operation typical characteristic state of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on principal component analysis

Research on power operation typical characteristic state of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on principal component analysis

An Enhanced Dynamic Collector Voltage and Current Clamping Method for Semiconductor in Electric Vehicles

The electric drive and the batteries are the two primary parts of an electric vehicle (EV). In order to increase the availability and dependability of the semiconductors used in traction converters, this research focuses on a new approach of semiconductor protection. The IGBT overshoot in voltage during a short circuit situation was successfully reduced by a newly created active voltage and current clamping circuit. This innovative method restricts IGBT’s collector-emitter voltage during the turn-off event. As soon as the collector-emitter voltage of the IGBT crosses a predetermined threshold, the IGBT is partially turned on. The IGBT is then kept operating linearly, minimizing the rate at which the collector current falls and, consequently, and the collector-emitter over voltage. Simultaneously, during the short circuit, the current is monitored by a high precision hall-effect sensor allegro make IC, which detects over current and provides a fault output within 1µs. As a result of the combination of current and voltage monitoring, the likelihood of the IGBT failure is reduced drastically.

Wireless Spinal Cord Stimulator with Bipolar Multi-Channel Electrode Array

Spinal cord stimulators (SCS) are a method used to treat chronic pain and are widely used in the field of modern neuroregulation. Based on the existing literature, this paper compares and discusses the principle and structure of a new wireless spinal cord stimulator with a small range of precise stimulation and the choice of working plan. In this spinal cord stimulator, a bipolar structure combined with multi-channel electrodes is considered, and a passive resonator is used to improve the efficiency of wireless energy transmission. The literature search and research show that the combination of bipolar structure and multi-channel electrode array can produce more concentrated stimulation areas, reduce the stimulation of non-target areas, and thus reduce side effects. In the selection of electrode materials and external equipment, this paper mainly considers the biocompatibility, considering the use of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite materials for the internal electrode materials, at the same time, this paper also considers the impact of voltage overshoot on the electronic equipment, and considers the work plan and material selection to reduce the impact.

Optimization Method of SiC MOSFET Switching Trajectory Based on Variable Current Drive

Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs exhibit superior performance compared to traditional silicon (Si) MOSFETs, characterized by faster switching speeds, lower on-resistance, higher breakdown voltage, and greater operational temperature tolerance. These attributes make SiC MOSFETs highly suitable for applications in electric vehicles, charging stations, and mobile devices. However, their rapid switching speed can intensify current and voltage overshoot and oscillations during device switching, leading to increased device losses or potential damage. To address this issue, this paper proposes a current-type active gate drive (AGD) circuit. The circuit first detects the rate of change in the drain current and drain-source voltage. Subsequently, it employs an analog amplifier circuit and adjustable drive resistors to decelerate the rate of change in the drain-source voltage and drain current. As a result, overshoot and oscillation in the drain-source voltage and drain current are mitigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AGD circuit can reduce drain current overshoot by 60%, drain-source voltage overshoot by 15.38%, and waveform oscillations. Additionally, the AGD circuit decreases conduction and turn-off losses by 24% and effectively mitigates electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues within the frequency range of 0.1 to 3 MHz.

Design of High-Reliability Low-Dropout Regulator Combined with Silicon Controlled Rectifier-Based Electrostatic Discharge Protection Circuit Using Dynamic Dual Buffer

Overshoot and undershoot caused by the current load impact the accuracy of the required output voltage and circuit performance. The transient response issue in existing low-dropout (LDO) regulators is a dynamic specification that must be addressed at the design stage. This transient response is influenced by system parameters such as stability and gain. The LDO regulator suggested in this study is designed to minimize the change in output voltage by considerably enhancing the gain using a dynamic dual buffer structure. A dynamic dual buffer is utilized to effectively control undershoot and overshoot. Under the conditions that the input voltage range is from 3.3 to 4.5 V, the maximum load current is 300 mA, the output voltage is 3 V, and the output of the proposed LDO regulator with the dynamic dual buffer structure has undershoot and overshoot voltages of 41 mV and 31 mV, respectively. That is, the output voltage of the proposed LDO regulator effectively provided and discharged an additional current suited for the undershoot/overshoot conditions to enhance the transient response characteristics. Furthermore, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness characteristics of the proposed LDO regulator improved because of the silicon-controlled rectifier underlying the ESD protection device embedded in the output node and power line.