Ovaries Of Female Wistar Rats Research Articles

Effects of antiepileptic drugs on ovaries of female Wistar rats

ABSTRACT Valproate (VPA) induced changes in ovarian morphology are observed in humans with epilepsy and in non-epileptic animals. The effects of lamotrigine (LTG) on female reproduction is not well known. We investigated whether LTG might be a safer drug for use with patients of reproductive age. Forty Wistar albino female rats were divided into five groups. The control group was injected with saline-vehicle solution. The low dose (LD)-VPA group was injected with 100 mg/kg VPA. The high dose (HD)-VPA group was injected with 500 mg/kg VPA. The LD-LTG group was injected with 10 mg/kg LTG. The HD-LTG group was injected with 50 mg/kg LTG. We evaluated histological and biochemical changes in the ovaries. The number of atretic and cystic follicles was increased in the HD-VPA and HD-LTG groups compared to the control group. A significant increase in malondialdehyde level was found in the VPA groups compared to the control and LTG groups. No significant differences in total glutathione levels or superoxide dismutase activity were found among study groups. Catalase activity was significantly higher in HD-VPA and HD-LTG groups compared to the control, LD-VPA and LD-LTG groups. Prevalence and intensity of caspase-3 immunoreactivity in the luteal cells were significantly greater in the HD-LTG group compared to the control group. VPA administration caused polycystic ovarian syndrome-like changes in the ovary. We found that LD-LTG, which reflects the dose for humans, might be a safer option for use during the reproductive age.

Effect of the Chromatographic Fractions of Abrus precatorius Leaf on the Histology of Uterus and Ovary of Female Wistar Rats

Aim: To determine the effects of chromatographic fractions of Abrus precatorius leaf extracts on the histology of the ovary and uterus.
 Study Design: Abrus precatorius plant contain woods in a twinning form and belong to the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. It has red and black seeds. Abrus precatorius also possess a pod which is short and stout brownish in color [1]. The plant grows in bushes and farm and sometimes in hedge. Abrus precatorius are said to be taken for tuberculosis and painful swellings [2]. According to Ross [3], they can be used as laxative, expectorant and aphrodisiac medicines and are sometimes used in urticaria, eczema, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, alopecia areata, migraine, lymphomas/leukemia and dysmenorrhea. Experiment has demonstrated that the seed have the ability to retard fertility both in male and female [4]. Studies done in the past revealed that the plant Abrus precatorius can kill cells or cause cell death at the same time leading to death of tumor [5]. Extraction of the leaves of A. precatorius with methanol has shown through previous study to possess bronchodilatory effect and its use traditionally in the management of asthma [6]. Extracts obtained from the roots, has good antibacterial activity especially against Staphylococcus aureus (Prabha et al. 2015). In a study performed in Tanzania, it was confirmed that boiling the leaves of A. precatorius with water and taking it orally as three table spoonful in twice daily dosage regimen for the treatment of epilepsy is helpful [7].
 Female wistar rats were treated with chromatographic fractions of A. precatorius, F1, F2, F3 and F4 (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) for thirty days. One hundred and ten Wistar rats were divided into twenty-two (22) groups of five rats each. All the rats were weighed before and during the experiment. Group 1 (Control) received 0.5 mls, Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS); Group 3-7. received 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of F1. Group 8-12 received 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/k of F2. Group13-17 received 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of F3 and Group 18-22 received 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of F4 respectively. The fractions/drugs were administered orally. The rats were treated with chromatographic fractions of A. precatorius, F1, F2, F3 and F4 (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed, dissected and the uterus and ovaries obtained for histology study. The study revealed histological evidence that the chromatographic fractions of Abrus precatorius leaf do not have any potential adverse effect on the ovary and uterus of the Wistar Albino rats.

Induction of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Implantation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)athracene (DMBA) Coated Silk in Rats.

Objective: This research aims to get the relevant animal model for epithelial ovarian cancer and ultrasonography approach to detect volume and size of ovarian cancer. Methods: Induction of ovarian cancer in rats was carried out using 7,12-Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) coated on silk suture and then implanted in the left ovary of female Wistar rats. Nodule were determined weekly after the first surgery by palpating the abdominal wall of rats. Utrasonography was carried out at 20th week. Rats were euthanized, ovarian organs were taken and histopathological examination was performed with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Nodules in DMBA-treated rats were noted at 16th weeks post implantation and reaching a cummulative incidence of 96, 4% at 24th weeks. On ultrasound examination at the 20th week, there were significant differences in left and right ovarian size and volume. The histological type of induced tumor included: serous carcinoma cell, clear cell carcinoma, sarcoma and squamous carcinoma. Conclusion: The implanted 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) coated silk suture in the ovaries rats can be used as animal model for testing therapeutics agent of ephitelial ovarian cancer and ultrasonography can determine the size and volume of tumors formed in ovary. Key words: 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, Animal model, Epithelial ovarian cancer, Ultrasonography.

Imidacloprid induced toxicity in ovary of female wistar rats in two generations

In present study the effect of oral administration of imidacloprid over two generations on the ovary of female Wistar rats was assessed. Female rats were divided into 3 groups. Group 1, as control, was given corn oil only while imidacloprid was administered in group 2 and 3 @ 10 and 20 mg kg−1 bw day1, respectively. A disruption in estrous cyclicity was observed with a prolonged diestrous in both F1 and F2 generation. The weight of ovary decreased significantly in treated female rats of F2 generation. Histopathology of ovary of groups 2 and 3 revealed different stages of follicles. Percentage atresia of follicles was found higher in treated rat ovaries as compared to their respective control rats in both the generations. The results indicate that no observed effect level of imidacloprid for two generations female reproductive toxicity is 10 mg kg−1 bw day−1.

Expression of Hormonal Carcinogenesis Genes and Related Regulatory microRNAs in Uterus and Ovaries of DDT-Treated Female Rats.

The insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a nonmutagenic xenobiotic compound able to exert estrogen-like effects resulting in activation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) followed by changed expression of its downstream target genes. In addition, studies performed over recent years suggest that DDT may also influence expression of microRNAs. However, an impact of DDT on expression of ER, microRNAs, and related target genes has not been fully elucidated. Here, using real-time PCR, we assessed changes in expression of key genes involved in hormonal carcinogenesis as well as potentially related regulatory oncogenic/tumor suppressor microRNAs and their target genes in the uterus and ovaries of female Wistar rats during single and chronic multiple-dose DDT exposure. We found that applying DDT results in altered expression of microRNAs-221, -222, -205, -126a, and -429, their target genes (Pten, Dicer1), as well as genes involved in hormonal carcinogenesis (Esr1, Pgr, Ccnd1, Cyp19a1). Notably, Cyp19a1 expression seems to be also regulated by microRNAs-221, -222, and -205. The data suggest that epigenetic effects induced by DDT as a potential carcinogen may be based on at least two mechanisms: (i) activation of ERα followed by altered expression of the target genes encoding receptor Pgr and Ccnd1 as well as impaired expression of Cyp19a1, affecting, thereby, cell hormone balance; and (ii) changed expression of microRNAs resulting in impaired expression of related target genes including reduced level of Cyp19a1 mRNA.

Quercetin exerts preventive, ameliorative and prophylactic effects on cadmium chloride - induced oxidative stress in the uterus and ovaries of female Wistar rats

This study examined the possible protective effect of quercetin(QE) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2) - induced reproductive toxicity in female rats. Cadmium (Cd) accumulated in the uterus and ovaries of rats, decreased antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH)], and raised the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the uterus and ovaries of rats. Serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone decreased significantly after CdCl2 administration. Caspase-3 activity significantly increased in the ovaries, with an increase in Bax and a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expressions after CdCl2 treatment. Histopathology of the ovaries revealed significant decrease in follicle number, while the uterus showed cyst-like endometrial glands. All three models of QE treatment [pre-treatment (QE + CdCl2), post-treatment (CdCl2+QE), simultaneous treatment (CdCl2/QE)] decreased Cd accumulation, MDA, H2O2, and increased SOD, CAT and GPx activities in the uterus and ovaries, decreased apoptosis of follicular cells, and increased serum reproductive hormones. However, the QE pre-treated model offered better protection against CdCl2 relative to the other two models. These results suggest that, QE exerts multi-mechanistic protective effects against cadmium toxicity attributable to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions.

Triazophos-induced oxidative stress and histomorphological changes in ovary of female Wistar rats

Triazophos (TZ), a non-systemic broad spectrum organophosphate (OP), is being extensively used against a wide range of pests in agricultural practices. The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of triazophos (TZ) in female Wistar rats. Three sub-chronic dose levels of TZ corresponding to1/10th, 1/20th and 1/40th of LD50 were given for 30 days to adult female Wistar rats through oral intubation. During the treatment period estrous cycle was significantly altered. Activity levels of different oxidative stress (OS) parameters viz. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were differentially altered in the ovary of treated rats. Estradiol levels were significantly high while progesterone levels were significantly reduced in plasma of 1/10th and 1/20th of LD50 TZ-treated rats. Histomorphological studies of ovary revealed increased follicular atresia and increased ovarian surface epithelial height in 1/10th and 1/20th of LD50 TZ-treated rats. Enhanced apoptosis and necrosis were also observed in ovarian granulosa cells at dose-dependent manner. Results infer that TZ exposure may lead to the number of pathophysiological conditions in female rats and severity increases at high doses.

Expression of microRNAs, CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 in the livers and ovaries of female rats treated with DDT and PAHs

AimsIn this study, we determined the expression level of miRNAs and the induction of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 in the livers and ovaries of female Wistar rats treated with DDT, benzo[a]pyrene (BP), and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). This study compared CYP1A/2B induction and miRNA expression levels to cast light on a possible role of miRNA in the tissue-specific induction of CYPs. Main methodsThe induction of CYP1A1/2B1 enzymes was detected by ethoxy-, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation and Western blot analysis. The CYP1A1/2B1 gene expression was determined by RT—real time PCR. Relative levels of expression for selected in silico miR species were determined by real time PCR with small nuclear U6 RNA employed as a reference gene. Key findingsAfter bioinformatic analysis, miR-21, 221, 222, and 429 were chosen as potential post-transcriptional regulators of rat CYP1A and CYP2B. It was shown that miR-21, 221, 222, and 429 expression levels decreased in the liver of DDT-, BP-, and MC-treated rats, whereas increases were observed in CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 mRNA expression levels and protein content, and EROD and PROD activities. Conversely, a tendency for elevated levels of miRNAs in the ovaries of inducer-treated female rats was observed. In the ovaries, a high level of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 mRNA expression was observed, although protein content and enzyme activity were not visible. SignificanceThese data suggest a potential involvement of miRNA in the post-transcriptional regulation of CYP1A and CYP2B in the livers and ovaries of chemically induced rats.

Histological studies of the effects of oral administration of <i>Aspilia africana</i> (Asteraceae) leaf extract on the ovaries of female wistar rats

Histological studies of the effects of oral administration of extract of Aspilia africana, used in ethno medical practice in Africa for the management of various ailments, on the ovarian tissues of matured female Wistar rats were studied. The rats (n=24), average weight 182 g were randomly assigned into two treatment (n=16) and a control (n=8) group. The rats in the treatment groups received 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg of aqueous extract of Aspilia africana orally through orogastric tube for fourteen days, while the control rats received equal volume of distilled water without the extract of Aspilia added. The rats were fed with growers' mash and were given water liberally. The rats were sacrificed on day fifteen of the experiment. The ovary was carefully dissected out and quickly fixed in 10% formal saline for routine histological study after H&E method. The histological findings indicated that the treated sections of the ovary showed cellular hypertrophy of the theca folliculi, distortion of the basement membrane, degenerative and atrophic changes in the oocyte and zona granulosa. There were marked vacuolations appearing in the stroma cells. These findings indicate that Aspilia africana consumption may probably have adverse effects on the ovaries by its deleterious effects on the oocytes and stroma cells of ovary of adult Wistar rats. It is recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these observations be conducted.

The influence of testosterone in the expression of androgen receptors in rat ovary

Event Abstract Back to Event The influence of testosterone in the expression of androgen receptors in rat ovary Ioannis Kyriakidis1*, Theodora Papamitsou2, Maria Dermentzopoulou-Theodoridou2, Ioannis Makaronidis1, Kyriaki Papadopoulou2, Fotios Tsanakalis1 and Paraskevi Papaioannidou1 1 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Pharmacology, Greece 2 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, Greece Aim of our study was to investigate the localization of androgen receptors (ARs) in rat ovary, to examine the induction of ARs in the ovaries of female Wistar rats when administered with high dosages of testosterone, to measure any effects on weight and to record any toxic effects on the ovarian structure or function. For the purpose of this study female adult Wistar rats (6 weeks old, weighing from 150 to 200 gr, fed ad libitum) were used and separated in three groups. The first group received intramuscularly 25 mg of testosterone at the third day after menses and the second group received 12.5 mg of testosterone at also the same period. The third group was the control group. Ten days after the testosterone administration, euthanasia via ether was performed to the rats, while tissue samples from the ovaries were obtained, fixed and prepared for immunohistochemical study of ARs with polymerization. Ovaries in testosterone treated rats did not differ significantly with controls as regards their weight, while the first group -and moderately the second group- showed macroscopically hyperemia and hypertrophy. The expression of AR in the ovaries of rats who took high dose of testosterone was positive in various places of stromatic ovary cells and in some granule cells of secondary ovarian follicle with antrum. In the second group, AR staining was positive with increased expression in ovary’s germinal cells, in stromal cells and also in ovarian follicle’s granule cells and in radiata corona’s cells of the oocytes. In conclusion, AR expression was less positive in ovary’s follicle cells of the rats who took high doses of testosterone than in those who took lower doses. Keywords: Testosterone, Ovary, rat, androgen receptor Conference: 8th Southeast European Congress on Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity - XEMET 2010, Thessaloniki, Greece, 1 Oct - 5 Oct, 2010. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Xenobiotics and reproduction Citation: Kyriakidis I, Papamitsou T, Dermentzopoulou-Theodoridou M, Makaronidis I, Papadopoulou K, Tsanakalis F and Papaioannidou P (2010). The influence of testosterone in the expression of androgen receptors in rat ovary. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: 8th Southeast European Congress on Xenobiotic Metabolism and Toxicity - XEMET 2010. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2010.60.00154 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 05 Mar 2011; Published Online: 04 Nov 2010. * Correspondence: Dr. Ioannis Kyriakidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Pharmacology, Thessaloniki, Greece, kyriakidis@auth.gr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Ioannis Kyriakidis Theodora Papamitsou Maria Dermentzopoulou-Theodoridou Ioannis Makaronidis Kyriaki Papadopoulou Fotios Tsanakalis Paraskevi Papaioannidou Google Ioannis Kyriakidis Theodora Papamitsou Maria Dermentzopoulou-Theodoridou Ioannis Makaronidis Kyriaki Papadopoulou Fotios Tsanakalis Paraskevi Papaioannidou Google Scholar Ioannis Kyriakidis Theodora Papamitsou Maria Dermentzopoulou-Theodoridou Ioannis Makaronidis Kyriaki Papadopoulou Fotios Tsanakalis Paraskevi Papaioannidou PubMed Ioannis Kyriakidis Theodora Papamitsou Maria Dermentzopoulou-Theodoridou Ioannis Makaronidis Kyriaki Papadopoulou Fotios Tsanakalis Paraskevi Papaioannidou Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

The stimulatory effect of alpha-melanotropin on progesterone release from rat granulosa cells is inhibited by interleukin-1beta and by tumour necrosis factor-alpha.

Several studies have shown that a variety of peptides and cytokines are involved in ovarian regulatory mechanisms; however, their exact function is still unclear. In this work we study whether the administration of peptide alpha-melanotropin and the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on their own modify the release of progesterone in cultured granulosa cells (GC) from pro-oestrous rats. We also investigate an interaction between these cytokines and alpha-melanotropin in the modulation of progesterone secretion. Granulosa cells were collected from the ovaries of female Wistar rats and cultured for up to 24 h in the presence of different concentrations of alpha-melanotropin, cytokines or a combination of both. Progesterone concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The addition of alpha-melanotropin in a dose of 0.01 and 0.1 mm had no effect on progesterone release, whereas a dose of 1 mm significantly increased progesterone release (P < 0.01) compared with the control culture. Progesterone release was not modified when different concentrations of interleukin-1beta or TNF-alpha were added to the cell cultures. However, when interleukin-1beta or TNF-alpha were added simultaneously with 1 microm alpha-melanotropin, a significant reduction (P < 0.01 for interleukin-1beta and P < 0.05 for TNF-alpha) of the steroid release was found with respect to the alpha-melanotropin-treated group. These results lead us to suggest that, although alpha-melanotropin stimulates progesterone release in pre-ovulatory GC, this effect is blocked by the presence of interleukin-1beta or TNF-alpha.

Chronic somatostatin treatment affects pituitary gonadotrophs, ovaries and onset of puberty in rats

The effects of chronic somatostatin (SRIH-14) treatment on the pituitary gonadotrophs (FSH and LH cells) and ovaries of female Wistar rats were examined. Females were given 20 μg/100 g b.w. twice per day from the immature (23rd day) till the adult period of life (71st day). The onset of puberty was determined by daily examination for vaginal opening. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical procedure was used to study the gonadotrophs. Changes in the number per unit area (mm 2), cell volume and volume densities of LH- and FSH-immunoreactive cells were evaluated by morphometry and stereology. Ovaries were analysed by simple point counting of follicles and corpora lutea (CL). Follicles were divided by size according to the classification of Gaytán and Osman. The mitotic indexes of granulosa and theca cells in the follicles were estimated at all stages of folliculogenesis. The number, volume and the volume density of FSH- and LH-immunoreactive cells decreased after chronic SRIH-14 treatment, particularly the latter. In the ovary, SRIH-14 treatment decreased the number of healthy follicles at all phases of folliculogenesis, lowered the mitotic indexes of granulosa and theca cells but increased the number of atretic follicles. Healthy CL were fewer in number, while regressive CL were increased. Vaginal opening occurred at a later age in treated females. It can be concluded that chronic SRIH-14 treatment markedly inhibited LH cells and to a lesser extent FSH cells. In the ovary SRIH-14 inhibited folliculogenesis, enhanced atretic processes and lowered proliferative activity of granulosa and theca cells. It also delayed puberty onset.