Ovarian Fixation Research Articles

Prediction of endometriosis by transvaginal ultrasound in reproductive-age women with normal ovarian size

To predict endometriosis by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) in reproductive-age women with normal ovarian size. Prospective study. El-Shatby Maternity Hospital, Alexandria University. 125 Women with symptoms suggestive of endometriosis and with normal ovarian size during TVS. Patients were subjected to high frequency ultrasound and evaluated for the presence of ultrasound signs of endometriosis (TVS-based soft markers). All patients had laparoscopy (gold standard) immediately after TVS for documentation of the presence of endometriosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of TVS and of the TVS-based soft markers in diagnosing endometriosis. Endometriosis was confirmed laparoscopicaly in 68/125 patients (54.4%). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of TVS in diagnosing endometriosis were 85.3%, 80.7%, 84.1%, 82.1% and 83.2%, respectively. Six TVS-based soft markers showed significant association ( P < 0.05) with endometriosis (ovaries not at the same level, high left ovary, ovarian fixation to uterus, tender ultrasound, ovarian fixation to iliac vessels and non visualization of left ovary) with sensitivities of 85.3%, 80.9%, 80.9%, 66.2%, 55.9% and 55.9%, respectively. These markers could be considered as positive soft markers to predict endometriosis. The addition of these soft markers could improve the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy to 97.3%, 98.5%, 95.7%, 89.9% and 91.2%, respectively. TVS appears to be a useful imaging method for the prediction of endometriosis. The inclusion of TVS-based positive soft markers either alone or in combination improves our ability to predict endometriosis.

Adnexal torsion: cystectomy and ovarian fixation are equally important in preventing recurrence

To report our clinical experience in adnexal torsion. A retrospective case review of surgically proven adnexal torsion. 216 cases were identified. Mean age was 29±12. Twenty-two were premenarchal, 59 had ovarian stimulation, 48 were pregnant (with a median gestational age of 7 weeks) and 14 were post-menopausal. The most common risk factor was a previous history of adnexal torsion. The main clinical features were sudden, intermittent pain. Forty-five percent of Doppler examinations demonstrated normal flow: premenarchal and postmenopausal patients had higher rates of abnormal flow, compared to pregnant patients or after ovarian stimulation. Median time from admission to diagnosis was 6 h. Laparoscopy was conducted in 81.0% of the cases, and laparotomy in the rest. Twenty-three cases of recurrent torsion were documented. The majority of these events occurred following detorsion only. An enlarged ovary was found in 77 cases, dermoid cyst in 8 cases, and one case was malignant. Sixty eight-cases underwent detorsion, in 82 cases a combined detorsion and cystectomy or fenestration were performed and 43 patients underwent partial or total adnexectomy. Adnexal fixation was conducted in 21 cases. Cyst drainage or cystectomy significantly reduced the chance of retorsion by 50% and 75%, respectively, compared to detorsion only. Ovarian stimulation and early pregnancy are predisposing factors for ovarian torsion. Doppler flow studies may be a helpful diagnostic tool among premenarchal and post-menopausal women. Cystectomy should be considered in order to reduce the risk of retorsion.

The Efficacy of Conservative Treatment for Late Term Ovarian Torsion

Recent reports have focused on detorsion after ovarian torsion in the literature. The aim of the study was to investigate late term changes in both ovaries after delayed detorsion following ovarian torsion in rats. Female, prepubertal, Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group). The left ovaries were used for the study and the right ovaries were kept as the control. The groups were constituted as follows: Group 1: left ovarian fixation, bilateral oophorectomy 48 hours later; Group 2: left ovarian torsion and fixation, bilateral oophorectomy 48 hours later; Group 3: detorsion 48 hours after torsion and bilateral oophorectomy after another 48 hours; Group 4: detorsion 48 hours after torsion and bilateral oophorectomy after 21 days. The total injury score (TIS) was compiled histologically in a double-blind fashion. Congestion, edema, bleeding and polymorphonuclear lymphocyte infiltration were assessed for TIS. The TIS was found to be 8 points in Group 1; 38 in Group 2; 28 in Group 3 and 12 in Group 4, respectively. The TIS was based on results from the left ovaries in Group 1, whereas 31 points were attributable to the left ovaries and 7 to the right ovaries in Group 2. In Groups 3 and 4, TIS points were the same in both study and control ovaries. The difference between the left ovaries of Groups 1 and 2 and the left ovaries of Groups 2 and 4 was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Viable ovarian tissue can be detected even after 48 hours of torsion, which is a relatively long period of ischemia. Tissue injury decreases significantly after detorsion during late recovery. In view of previous case reports in the literature and the present findings, detorsion is recommended in children with ovarian torsion regardless of the ischemic period and/or macroscopic appearance.

Ovarian abscess caused by Peptostreptococcus magnus following transvaginal ultrasound‐guided aspiration of ovarian endometrioma and fixation with pure ethanol

Ovarian abscess caused by Peptostreptococcus magnus following transvaginal ultrasound‐guided aspiration of ovarian endometrioma and fixation with pure ethanol

Intermittent partial adnexal torsion after electrosurgical tubal ligation

Intermittent partial adnexal torsion after electrosurgical tubal ligation has been suggested as a cause of chronic pelvic pain. Little is present in the literature describing this entity or its characteristics. Unlike complete torsion of the fallopian tube, ovary, or paratubal cyst, intermittent adnexal torsion is more subtle in both clinical features and laparoscopic findings. It appears to be an underrecognized cause of pelvic pain in some women after tubal ligation. Thus these women may be subjected to many diagnostic tests and extensive evaluations with negative findings. It is not uncommon for the diagnosis to be overlooked even at the time of pelviscopic evaluation. A woman experienced the characteristic chronic, intermittent, left lower quadrant pain after electrosurgical tubal ligation. At the time of a third laparoscopic evaluation, the diagnosis of intermittent partial adnexal torsion was made, and she was treated with distal salpingectomy and ovarian fixation. She had complete resolution of her long-standing pain.

Laparoscopy in Adnexal Pathology in the Child: A Study of 28 Cases

We report our experience with laparoscopy in adnexal pathology in the child. Twenty-eight children (mean age 13 years; range 8 to 16) underwent 30 laparoscopy procedures. Therapeutic laparoscopy was performed in 3 cases: transposition of an ovary before radiotherapy, bilateral gonadal excision for Turner's syndrome and ovarian fixation after contralateral torsion of normal adnexa (TNA). Diagnostic and potentially therapeutic laparoscopy was performed in 25 cases: 12 suspected torsion of adnexa (6 confirmed), 4 possible ovarian or appendicular pathology (1 appendicitis), 4 to confirm the histological nature of an ovarian tumor (2 functional cysts, 1 old TNA, 1 dermoid cyst), 3 suspected salpingitis (2 confirmed), and 2 chronic pelvic pain (1 endometriosis). No pathology was found in 2 cases, and in 1 case pelvic adhesions prevented confirmation of the diagnosis. Thirteen laparoscopically-guided surgical acts were performed: 2 detorsions of adnexa, 2 excisions of necrosed adnexa and 9 punctures with or without biopsy for functional cysts. Intralaparoscopic detorsion of TNA was complicated in one case by fibrinolysis requiring secondary laparotomy. Mean hospitalisation was 3 days (range 1 to 16). the preferential therapeutic indications for laparoscopy in the child are transposition of an ovary and ablation of the gonads in case of sexual ambiguity. It is used diagnostically in cases of sudden pelvic pain. In addition to this diagnostic role, it now allows most treatments to be carried out (detorsion with or without fixation, transparietal cystectomy), including those for associated lesions (appendicectomy). Its morbidity is quite low, which warrants increasing the number of indications in pediatric pathology.