Oval Structures Research Articles

A Three-year retrospective analysis of tumour like conditions of the Ovary in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital

The Ovaries Are Paired Oval Structures In Females, Developing From The Gonadal Ridges, And Located One On Each Side Of The Uterus In The Ovarian Fossa. These Are Very Complex Organs In Terms Of Embryology And Histology. It Undergoes Cyclical Changes From Adolescence To Menopause And Gives Rise To Different Types Of Cells, Each Of Which Has The Capacity To Produce Different Type Of Tumours1. Due To Constant Endocrine Stimulation And Subsequent Traumatic Insults By Ovulation, These Are The Primary Sites For Tumour Development. Different Types Of Tumours Tend To Occur In Different Age Group. Both Primary And Metastatic Tumours Occur In The Ovary With Variable Histomorphological Patterns.2 Ovarian Cancer Is One Of The Most Common Neoplasm In Developed Countries, Ranking 7th Position In Incidence And 6th Position In Mortality3.It Constitutes About 6.6% Of All Malignant Tumours Of The Female Genital Tract3.In India, Incidence Of Ovarian Cancers Come Next To Cervical And Endometrial Cancers Among The Gynaecological Cancers. According To National Cancer Registry Programme Of Indian Council Medical Research, The Proportion Of Ovarian Cancer Varied From 1.7-8.7 In Various Urban And Rural Areas, It Also Showed That Recent Increase In Incidence. Both Chennai Cancer Registry And Dindigul Ambilikkai Cancer Registry Showed An Age Adjusted Incidence Rate Of 6.0cases Per 10, 0000women4, Whereas It Was 16.23 In United States.3 Ovarian Cancers Area Heterogeneous Group Of Neoplasms Of Three Main Subtypes: - Surface Epithelial, Germ Cell And Sex Cord Stromal Tumours With Wide Morphological Variations. No Age Group Is Free From The Tumour. In Adult Age Group Surface Epithelial Tumours Are The Commonest Neoplasm Constituting 65.5% Of Ovarian Neoplasms. In Younger Age Group, Germ Cell Tumours Are The Commonest Ovarian Neoplasms And Constitute Two Third Of Ovarian Tumours Out Of Which, One Third Are Malignant. Sex-Cord Stromal Tumours Can Occur At Any Age Group And Are Usually Functional In Nature. So The Determination Of Various Histological Patterns Is Very Important In Diagnosis As Well As Prognosis Of Ovarian Tumors5. Ovarian Cancer Has Got A Poor Prognosis Among All Gynaecological Cancers. The Overall 5year Survival Rate Is Approximately 45% Due To Late Stage At Diagnosis6.Unlike Cervical Cancer, Identification Of High Risk Population For Ovarian Malignancy And Ideal Screening Method Is Not Available. A Number Of Non Neoplastic Lesions Can Occur From Neonatal Period To Postmenopausal Age Group. Most Are Functional In Nature And Resolve With Minimal Treatment. Some Of The Non Neoplastic Lesions Like Massive Edema Of Ovary, Stromal Hyperplasia, Large Follicular Cyst, Pregnancy Luteomas, And Granulomatous Inflammation Can Be Confused With Neoplasm Clinically, Intraoperatively Or On Morphological Examination. The Main Aim Lies In Distinguishing Ovarian Neoplasms From The Wide Spectrum Of Non-Neoplastic Lesions. Despite The New Techniques Like Imaging And Genetic Studies, The Diagnosis Of Ovarian Tumour Is Mainly Dependent Upon Histopathological Examination. The Present Study Is Being Undertaken To Review In Detail The Different Varieties Of Ovarian Lesions In And Around Tirunelveli And Assess Their Characteristics With Regards To Incidence, Age And Histopathological Appearances.

Preparation and properties of PLA/PHBV/PBAT blends 3D printing filament

The PLA/PHBV/PBAT blends with varied ratio were extruded into filaments by a 3D consumables extruder and the dumbbell-shaped specimens were prepared by a desktop 3D printer. The properties of composites and printed samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), melt flow index (MFI), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and tensile strength test. The process parameters of 3D printing were also surveyed. Compared with injection molded specimens with identical composition, the PLA crystallinity of printed specimens was greatly improved; SEM micrographs of the 3D printed specimens fracture surface showed a more uniform microstructure distribution with smaller oval cavities structure; and the 3D printed specimens exhibited superior tensile strength and elongation at break. This study may expand the application fields of PLA based 3D printing filaments.

ACCESSORY THYROID GLAND WITH DUAL BLOOD SUPPLY: A RARE VARIATION

A rare congenital anomaly of thyroid gland due to developmental defect is accessory or ectopic thyroid gland. Ectopic thyroid refers to the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than the normal in anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. Abnormal organogenesis of the thyroid gland leads to morphological variations, such as thyroid dysgenesis, hypoplasia, hemiagenesis and agenesis. The ectopic or accessory thyroid being the most common form of thyroid dysgenesis. Here, we are presenting a case with the accessory thyroid tissue with dual blood supply observed during a routine dissection of a female cadaveric body. The accessory thyroid tissue was in the form of an oval structure about 1.5cm x 3 cm was situated in the midline 2cm above the normally located thyroid gland which was supplied by a branch of lingual artery as well as superior thyroid artery. The accessory thyroid tissue could be asymptomatic or it could present with any disorder affecting the main thyroid gland including malignancy. The significance of this case is to show an anatomical variation in the form of developmental defect during the organogenesis of thyroid along with its clinical implications. Thus, this report highlights the importance of knowing and understanding the normal anatomy of thyroid as well as the anatomical variant that could be immensely beneficial while diagnosing thyroid disorders or carrying out surgical procedures involving thyroid.

Ultrastructure features of the surface of the gills and the lower pharyngeal jaw of the Tilapia Zilli, redbelly tilapia (Coptodon Zillii, Gervais, 1848).

The present investigation was designed to describe the surface ultrastructure of the gill system of tilapia Zilli. The gill system is formed from four gill arches and each gill arch carries a row of gill filaments on its convex border and two rows of the gill rakers on its concave border. The quadrilateral interbranchial septum has elevated part at the level of the third gill arch. By SEM observations, the gill arch was divided into three regions: rostral, middle and caudal region. The caudal region contained two characteristic structures: oval leaf-like structure and rounded-shaped structure. Each oval leaf-like structure carried two lateral rows of the triangular pointed spines separated by a median groove. All surfaces of gill arches, rakers and filaments were covered with a mosaic of the polygonal pavement cells, in addition to the opening of chloride cells and mucous cells. The gill arch and gill raker had only one appearance of taste buds named type I. Meanwhile, the filaments contained two types of different appearance of the taste buds named: type I and type II. Type I was the main common and similar to that present in gill arch and raker and characterized by its blunt end, while type II had hair-like structures that projected from the volcano-shaped depression. The gill rakers were formed from central axis surrounded by two lateral lobulated regions which carry pointed spines, taste buds and the opening of chloride cells. The surface of triangular lower pharyngeal jaw carries numerous teeth-like papillae which originated from the socket-like depression.

Learning Points From a Case of Opiate Body Packing

The term “body packing” or “drug mule” refers to smuggling of illegal drugs (typically cocaine or heroin) by concealment in the GI tract in swallowed packages. Complications include packet rupture resulting in acute intoxication and bowel obstruction. We present a case of prolonged hospitalization due to opiate rupture, and highlight management strategies which may expedite packet expulsion in the setting of narcotic bowel. A 50-year-old Colombian female was admitted after being found acutely obtunded by her husband. He denied drug abuse, but reported she took medication for back pain. On arrival, the patient was tachycardic, bradypneic and hypoxemic to 55%. After urine toxicology exposed opiates, Naloxone infusion was started at 2mg/hour. Lab tests revealed: BUN 38, Cr 2.49, AST 383, ALT 428, INR 1.1, Lactate 5.22, WBC 19.7. Chest radiograph (CXR) showed pulmonary edema and aspiration pneumonia. Intubation was required on hospital day two for agitation with failed airway protection. Subsequent CXR revealed a “tic tac sign” of oblong structures in the stomach. Abdominal radiograph (AXR) confirmed dozens of similar structures suggestive of body packing. Four liters of polyethylene glycol were given daily over the next three days, complicated by hypernatremia to 153 mEq/L. Reglan and erythromycin were added, but packet transit halted in the colon. She was extubated on hospital day 9, finally passing 50 plus heroin packets under police supervision. Remaining packages in the rectum on AXR were successfully expulsed after fleet enema. Screening for drug packing in travelers with altered mental status with AXR and urine toxicology should be considered, though toxicology sensitivity is varied from 40-90%. For opiate ingestion, prompt continuous high dose Naloxone infusion in key. Data is still needed on the safety and efficacy of Methylnaltrexone here as a gut specific opiate antagonist. Polyethylene glycol can expedite GI transit, though should be limited to two doses to avoid electrolyte imbalances. Early extubation, oral diet and supervised ambulation may hasten bowel motility. Daily AXR is sufficient to follow progress, with CT thus limited to confirmation of post-evacuation clearance, and when there is concern for obstruction or perforation. While surgical treatment is typically advocated for foreign objects that fail to pass after 3-5 days, cases of opiate-induced ileus can be safely offered a longer conservative trial.1876_A Figure 1. Post intubation CXR showing bilateral interstitial edema, which can be associated with opiate overdose. Oval structures are identified in the stomach.1876_B Figure 2. Portable AXR showing the “Tic-Tac Sign” seen with body packing, marked by smooth and uniform oblong structures throughout the intestine.1876_C Figure 3. Abdominal and Pelvic CT scan on hospital day six demonstrating high-attenuation foreign bodies throughout the colon, without perforation.

The first Philippine species of Loeblites Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

Loeblites Franz, 1986 is a genus of Glandulariini with adults sharing a very similar body form and most taxonomically important structures with Syndicus Motschulsky, 1851. One of the most conspicuous differences between these genera is the antennal structure. In Syndicus, the antennomere XI is strongly reduced, much shorter than X and lacks the basal stalk, so that the two terminal antennomeres are compactly assembled. They either form one oval structure that appears as a single antennomere because the base of subconical antennomere XI is as broad as apex of X (Syndicus s. str.) or the antennomere XI forms a distinct small 'papilla' on top of X (subgen. Semisyndicus Jałoszyński, 2004) because the base of antennomere XI is much narrower than apex of X. Adults of Loeblites have unmodified antennae, with the antennomere XI strongly elongate and with a narrow basal stalk; additionally the antennae are strikingly slender, nearly filiform. Morphological structures of both genera were described and illustrated by Jałoszyński (2004, 2005). While Syndicus is species-rich, often abundant in leaf litter and under bark in subtropical forests (Jałoszyński 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2014; Jałoszyński Nomura 2006; Yin Li 2015; Yin et al. 2014; Yin Zhou 2016; Zhou Yin 2017), and broadly distributed from southeastern Australia, through Southeast Asia, Yunnan (China) and Ryukyus (Japan), up to Sri Lanka, India and the Himalayas, Loeblites comprises merely four species known to occur in Malaysia, Thailand and China (Jałoszyński 2005; Zhou Li 2015). Loeblites mastigicornis Franz, 1986 is known to occur in Chiang Mai (northern Thailand), L. sabahensis Franz, 1992 and L. minor Jałoszyński, 2005 in Sabah (northern Borneo), and L. chinensis Zhou Li, 2015 in Yunnan (southwest China). Two females representing an undescribed species were also recorded from Yunnan by Zhou Li (2015). Specimens of this interesting genus are found rarely, in small numbers and they are typically sifted from leaf litter in subtropical forests.

Rare Case of Chronic Diarrhoea in an Immunocompetent Host

Chronic diarrhoea is one of the common presenting symptoms of patients attending gastroenterology clinics. Cyclosporacayetanensis is a protozoan parasite causing intestinal infections. Most of these infections are self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals. However prolonged course of infection is often observed in immunocompromised individuals and rarely in normal individuals. In our case report, 50-year-old patient from west Bengal, India presented with chronic small bowel type of diarrhoea with significant weight loss. Serology for HIV was negative. Endoscopic biopsy from duodenum showed villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia mimicking sprue with presence of oval round structures within parasitophorous vacuoles located in the supra nuclear cytoplasm of enterocytes, consistent with cyclospora infestation. Same biopsy also showed CMV inclusion bodies in the background. He was managed with oral Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for cyclospora and valganciclovir for CMV. Conclusion: Mixed infection of cyclospora and cytomegalovirus presenting as chronic diarrhoea was rarely reported in an immunocompetent individual. Duodenal biopsy may help in differentiating parasitic infections from tropical sprue by demonstrating various forms of pathogens in histology.

Characteristic analysis of sebaceous nevus using dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy

Objective To investigate dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic (RCM) features of sebaceous nevus in patients of different ages. Methods A total of 83 patients histopathologically diagnosed with sebaceous nevus were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of Wuhan No. 1 Hospital between January 2016 and December 2016, and divided into 4 age groups (< 10 years, 10 - 20 years, 21 - 59 years, ≥ 60 years) according to the age. The dermoscopic and RCM features were collected and analyzed. Results Among the age group of < 10 years (21 cases) , dermoscopic images of skin lesions showed that uniform, globular or plaque-shaped yellowish-red structures arranged in a cobblestone-like pattern were independently distributed in an orange background, with vascular proliferation and dilatation, while RCM images showed sebaceous gland hypoplasia and juvenile hair follicles. Among the age group of 10 - 20 years (28 cases) , dermoscopy showed aggregated, non-hair follicle, round or oval yellow structures of varying sizes with telangiectases, while RCM showed botryoidal sebaceous glands at the dermal-epidermal junction and superficial dermis, which were characterized by tube-like or handle-like structure in the center, aggregated fish roe-like or frogspawn-like sebaceous gland lobules in the surrounding area and verrucous or papillomatous hyperplasia in the epidermis. The age groups of 21 - 59 years (30 cases) and 10 - 20 years showed the similar imaging manifestations. The main imaging manifestation of the age group of ≥ 60 years (4 cases) was papillomatous hyperplasia. Conclusions Sebaceous nevus is a dynamic developmental disease, and its imaging characteristics obviously differ among different age stages. Sebaceous nevus has characteristic structures under dermoscopy and RCM, which can serve as efficient noninvasive diagnostic methods for sebaceous nevus. Key words: Sebaceous gland neoplasms; Microscopy, confocal; Dermoscopy; Sebaceous nevus

Transmission electron microscopy study of undescribed material at the anterior lens capsule in exfoliation syndrome.

In the present study, we aimed to examine the anterior lens capsule using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compare the findings in patients with and without exfoliation syndrome (XFS). Eighteen patients with senile cataract, including 10 with XFS, were included. Anterior capsule specimens were obtained from patients during phacoemulsification through continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis, and were examined via TEM. In the XFS group, in addition to the typical fibrillar material above the basement membrane of the lens capsule, another unknown, microgranular, electron-dense, unbound material was observed beneath the lens epithelium. Larger formations appeared to detach from the surface of the epithelial cells, and oval or crescent-shaped structures of an electron-denser material were less commonly observed on the apical side of the epithelium. Membranous structures were occasionally attached to epithelial cells that often exhibited thicker or ruptured cell membranes on their apical-free side, along with deposits of electron-dense material. Degenerative lesions of various severities were observed at the epithelium in both groups. The anterior lens capsule epithelium in patients with XFS exhibits a highly irregular and rough margin on its free side, with unbound material over its membrane, which probably contributes to loose contact with the underlying lens and leads to different clinical behaviors in XFS eyes during cataract surgery.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy on interscalene injections by ultrasound-guided for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome and ultrasonic observation

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (nTOS) is a clinical diagnosis that describes the symptomatic manifestation of the compression of brachial plexus. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of interscalene injections by ultrasound-guided for nTOS and observe the ultrasonic characteristics of brachial plexus and their surroundings. Thirty suspect patients with nTOS were received tow stages treatments. First stage, all patients were received one-week conventional therapies, that included analgesics treatment and psychological treatment; after that, the patients were given drug discontinuance 3 days. Then patients were got into the second stage, that were treated with interscalene injections by ultrasound-guided ( Fig. 1 ). The changes of Vsiual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores before and after 2 stages treatment were recorded. At the interscalne level, the sonography and anatomic variations of the brachial plexus, superior and middle scalene muscles were observed ( Fig. 2 ). Before treatment the VAS sores were (8.25 ± 1.53), after 2 weeks of treatment,the VAS sores were(2.57 ± 1.06),comparisons of these tow VAS scores, there were significant differences ( P < 0.05). At the interscalene level, the brachial plexus were identified in the transverse view as round to oval hypoechoic structures, anterior and middle scalene muscles showed hyperechoic structures ( Fig. 3 ). There were 16 patients whose three trunks of the brachial plexus passed through between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, accounted for 53.33% of the total; 10 patients’ superior trunks of the brachial plexus pierced the anterior scalene muscle, their middle trunks and lower trunks passed through between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, accounted for 33.33% of the total; 4 patients’ superior and middle trunks pierced the anterior scalene muscle, their lower trunks passed through between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, accounted for 13.33% of the total. Accurate positioning of interscalene injections by ultrasound-guided for the treatment of nTOS could have certain efficacy. There are variations in the brachial plexus crossing the scalene triangle.

Phytosome complexed with chitosan for gingerol delivery in the treatment of respiratory infection: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

Respiratory infection is a viral spreading disease and a common issue, particularly in kids. The treatments are available but have so many limitations because the drawback of this disease is more morbidity and mortality in the severely immune compromised. Even, the phyto-constituent antibacterial drug Gingerol was selected to treat respiratory infection but it exhibits low bioavailability profile, less aqueous-solubility issue and most important is rapidly eliminated from the body. To overcome these problems, novel drug delivery (nanoparticle) based phytosome complexed with chitosan approach was implemented. In this research work, the phytosome (GP) was prepared by blending of gingerol with soya lecithin in organic solvent using anti-solvent precipitation technique and it was further loaded in the aqueous solution of chitosan to formulate the phytosome complexed with chitosan (GLPC). To optimize the formulations of gingerol, it was characterized for percentage yield, percentage entrapment efficiency, drug loading and particle size, physical compatibility studies etc. which demonstrated the confirmation of complex of GLPC with soya lecithin and chitosan. The % entrapment efficiency and % drug loading of GLPC was found (86.02 ± 0.18%, 08.26 ± 0.72%) and of GP (84.36 ± 0.42%, 08.05 ± 0.03%), respectively. The average particle size and zeta potential of GLPC and GP were 254.01 ± 0.05 nm (−13.11 mV), and 431.21 ± 0.90 nm (−17.53 mV), respectively which confirm the inhibition of particle aggregation by using chitosan in complex. The in vitro release rate of GP (86.03 ± 0.06%) was slower than GLPC (88.93 ± 0.33%) in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer up to 24 h by diffusion process (Korsmeyer Peppas model). The optimized GLPC and GP were shown irregular particle shapes & spherical and oval structures with smooth surface by SEM analysis. Furthermore, GLPC has shown the potent in vitro antioxidant activity, susceptible antibacterial activity and effective anti-inflammatory activity as compared to GP against stress, microbial infection and inflammation which were causable reason for the respiratory infections. GLPC has improved the significant bioavailability and also correlated the hematological values on rabbit blood against the incubation of microorganisms. Thus, the prepared nanoparticle based approach to deliver the gingerol, has the combined effect of chitosan and phytosome which shown better sustained-release profile and also prolonging the oral absorption rate of gingerol with effective antibacterial activity to treat respiratory infection.

Ultrasonography of urinary system in normal Iraqi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound in the examination of urinary system in buffaloes. Ultrasonography of the urinary system was done for 60 local buffaloes breed, 1-15 years old of both sexes in Mosul/Iraq, and they then were divided into two groups according to age, 25 calves less than 2 years and 35 adults 2-15 years. Kidney measurements are taken from three different sites (right lumbar, right sublumbar and right twelfth intercostal space. The right sublumbar region is the best area for getting good ultrasonographic images (in both adult and calves) followed by right lumbar region which gives clear images in adult buffaloes. Ultrasonographic examination for the left and right kidneys in adult buffalo and their calves showed no significant difference in kidney measurements from different sites (lumbar, sublumbar, twelve intercostal space). The results showed that the mean thickness of right kidney of buffaloes aged 2-15 years from right sublumbar region was (7.40±0.13) centimeters and in buffalo calves was (5.29±0.23) cm. The mean thickness of left kidney of buffaloes from right sublumbar region was (7.30±0.20) cm, and in buffalo calves was (5.06±0.59) cm. The urinary bladder is easily observed by ultrasonography per-rectum in adult and percutaneous in calves (right sublumbar region). The urinary bladder appears as circumscribed round to oval structure in the pelvic area. It usually contains anechoic to hypoechoic urine. The wall of urinary bladder is echogenic, smooth and its thickness varies with the amount of bladder distention. Positive correlation between right kidney thickness (cm) (from right sublumbar region) and the age (months) for buffaloes (0.627).

Hepatocellular carcinoma cell-derived exosomes regulates Treg cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein/forkhead/winged helix transcription factor P3 pathway

Objective To investigate whether hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 derived exosomes regulates Treg cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein/forkhead/winged helix transcription factor P3 (CREB/Foxp3) pathway. Methods Ultracentrifugation was used to isolate exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and normal hepatocellular cell line L02. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology of exosomes and Western blotting was used to detect the protein markers of exosomes and CREB/Foxp3 expression. HepG2-exo and L02-exo were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The percent of Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results Exosomes was about 30-100 nm with a circular or oval shape vesicular structure. CD81 and CD63 were highly expressed in exosomal proteins, while not expressed in cell proteins derived from HepG2 or L02 cells. Compared to L02-exo [(1.87±0.18)%] and blank control group [(1.43±0.12)%], HepG2-exo strongly increased the percent of Treg cells [(6.87±0.87)%], with P value of 0.005 and 0.004 respectively. Phosphorylation of CREB in HepG2-exo group was 1.74 and 1.63 fold higher than it in L02-exo and blank control group, and both of the P=0.001. Phosphorylation of Foxp3 in HepG2-exo group was 1.93 and 1.78 fold higher than it in L02-exo and blank control group, and both of the P=0.001. Conclusion These results provided evidence that hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2 derived exosomes could regulates Treg cells via CREB/Foxp3 pathway. Key words: Exsomes; Treg cell; Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein; Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor P3; Hepatocellular carcinoma

Halicoides borealis, a new species of Pardaliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the northern North Sea

ABSTRACTA new species of Halicoides from the northern North Sea is described. Species of Halicoides are recorded worldwide and three species have previously been recorded from the North Atlantic. There are records of Halicoides borealis from monitoring surveys of North Sea oil fields where it occurred occasionally in the sediment samples from depths of 90‒133 m. It has previously been overlooked in samples which may be a result of the ecological niche that this species inhabits. H. borealis is characterized by a large ventrally pointed large rostrum, a slender and moderately setose gnathopod 1, the right lacinia mobilis is divided in two finely serrate parts, the third article of mandible palps is about 70% of the second article, the inner plate of the maxilliped is small, coxal plates 3 and 4 are moderately large and the merus and carpus of pereopods 3 and 4 are well-expanded, the posterodistal corner of epimeral plate 1 is rounded and epimeral plate 3 has a tiny tooth and the telson cleft with notched. The male and female antennae 1 and 2 show morphological and length differences. The male antenna 1 has an oval structure on the peduncle and a well-developed callynophore that covers the broad inflated article 1 of the accessory flagellum. Descriptions of taxonomic characters of the new amphipod are given and differences from related species in the North Atlantic are discussed.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2691F2A8-D562-40C3-A023-FE3D6216523A

“Twisting” Motions in Erupting Coronal Pseudostreamers as Evidence for Interchange Reconnection

Abstract Using white-light observations from the COR1 coronagraph during 2008–2013, we have identified ∼50 eruptive events in which a narrow streamer structure appears to rotate about its radial axis as it rises into the field of view beyond . Extreme-ultraviolet images and potential-field extrapolations suggest that most of these eruptions involve one arcade of a double-lobed pseudostreamer, which is surrounded by open flux of a single polarity. The “twisting” is manifested by the cavity of the erupting lobe, which evolves from a circular to a narrowing oval structure as it is ejected nonradially in the direction of the original X-point. At the same time, the loop legs on the trailing side of the rising cavity/flux rope expand and straighten out, starting at the outer edge of the lobe and progressing inward; this asymmetric opening-up contributes to the impression of a three-dimensional structure twisting away from the observer. On the leading side of the lobe, collapsing cusps are sometimes detected, suggesting the presence of a current sheet where the cavity loops reconnect with the oppositely directed open flux from the adjacent coronal hole. In some events, the inner loops of the cavity/flux rope may continue to expand outward without undergoing interchange reconnection. The transfer of material to open field lines, as well as the lateral confinement of the pseudostreamer by the surrounding coronal holes, acts to produce a relatively narrow, fan-like ejection that differs fundamentally from the large, bubble-shaped ejections associated with helmet streamers.

Little House in the Mountains? A small Mesolithic structure from the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland

This paper describes a small Mesolithic structure from the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. Excavations at Caochanan Ruadha identified a small oval structure (c. 3m×2.2m) with a central fire setting, in an upland valley (c.540masl). The site was occupied at c. 8200calBP and demonstrates hunter-gatherer use of the uplands during a period of significant climatic deterioration. The interpretation of the structure is primarily based on the distribution of the lithic assemblage, as the heavily podsolised soils have left no trace of light structural features. The lithic assemblage is specialised, dominated by microlith fragments, and functional analysis has identified different uses of different areas inside the structure. The identification of small, specialised Mesolithic sites is unusual and this paper will discuss the evidence for the presence of the structure and its use, compare it to other Mesolithic structures in Britain and highlight some methodological implications.

Particular swelling on the palate.

A 75-year-old patient came to our observation for a follow-up visit. We note the presence on the soft palate of a big swelling and the patient reported the presence of this lesion for about 10 years. At the dental level it was possible to see some residual dental elements and the result of recent dental extractions. The anamnesis reported a slight hypertension, osteoporosis and difficulty in swallowing probably linked to the presence of swelling, which however was asymptomatic. It was decided to perform an ultrasound exam to discover the nature of the injury. The ultrasound showed an echogenic area of 37 x 20mm in diameter, with a well-defined oval structure and borders, widely vascularize. The report was compatible with vascular injury. The patient underwent surgery at a hospital, where the lesion was aspirated. We do not have the needle aspiration report and we have not seen the patient after. The differential diagnosis is with an infection and inflammation, oral lymphoma, salivary glands tumors.

Structure and Mechanical Properties of the AlSi10Mg Alloy Samples Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

The AlSi10Mg alloy samples with the size of 14×14×91mm were produced by the selective laser melting (SLM) method in different building direction. The structures and the properties at -70°C of the sample in different direction were investigated. The results show that the structure in different building direction shows different morphology. The fish scale structures distribute on the side along the building direction, and the oval structures distribute on the side vertical to the building direction. Some pores in with the maximum size of 100 μm exist of the structure. And there is no major influence for the build orientation on the tensile properties. The tensile strength and the elongation of the sample in the building direction are 340 Mpa and 11.2 % respectively. And the tensile strength and the elongation of the sample vertical to building direction are 350 Mpa and 13.4 % respectively

Effect of preparation methods on the properties of titania nanoparticles: solvothermal versus sol–gel

Titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NP’s) have been prepared by solvothermal and sol–gel techniques using different surfactants such as acetic acid (AA), oleylamine (OM), and AA + OM. The solution was thermally treated at growth temperature 180 °C in solvothermal method. TiO2 powder, prepared using both methods, was subjected to post heat treatment at 550 and 950 °C. The effect of surfactants on the morphology of TiO2 NP’s was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The structural and thermal properties of titania NP’s are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). TEM and FESEM images illustrated various shapes of titania NP’s such as irregular spherical, rounded rectangular, truncated rhombic, oval, and rod-like structure in presence of different surfactants. Moreover, TiO2 particles prepared by sol–gel method were almost 40 times greater than those prepared by solvothermal method. In addition to the improvement in the crystallinity, thermal stability has been enhanced due to consolidation of individual particles at higher annealing temperature in solvothermal technique. Furthermore, a reduction in the degradation temperature and phase transformation of TiO2 NP’s were conspicuously corroborated after post-heat treatment.

Geometric comparison of the mitral and tricuspid valve annulus: Insights from three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.

AIMTo apply real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D TEE) for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the mitral valve annulus (MVA) and tricuspid valve annulus (TVA) in the same patient.METHODSOur retrospective cohort study examined the MVA and TVA in 49 patients by RT3D TEE. MVA and TVA shape were examined by TEE. The MVA and TVA volume data set images were acquired in the mid esophageal 4-chamber view. The MVA and TVA were acquired separately, with optimization of each for the highest frame rate and image quality. The 3D shape of the annuli was reconstructed using the Philips® Q lab, MVQ ver. 6.0 MVA model software. The end-systolic frame was used. The parameters measured and compared were annular area, circumference, high-low distances (height), anterolateral-posterolateral (ALPM), and anteroposterior (AP) axes.RESULTSA total of 49 patients (mean age 61 ± 14 years, 45% males) were studied. The ALPM and the AP axes of the MVA and TVA are not significantly different. The ALPM axis of the MVA was 37.9 ± 6.4 mm and 38.0 ± 5.6 mm for the TVA (P = 0.70). The AP axis of the MVA was 34.8 ± 5.7 mm and 34.9 ± 6.2 mm for the TVA (P = 0.90). The MVA and the TVA had similar circumference and area. The circumference of the MVA was 127.9 ± 16.8 mm and 125.92 ± 16.12 mm for the TVA (P = 0.23). The area of the MVA was 1103.7 ± 307.8 mm2 and 1131.7 ± 302.0 mm2 for the TVA (P = 0.41). The MVA and TVA are similar oval structures, but with significantly different heights. The ALPM/AP ratio for the MVA was 1.08 ± 0.33 and 1.09 ± 0.28 for the TVA (P < 0.001). The height for the MVA and TVA was 9.23 ± 2.11 mm and 4.37 ± 1.48 mm, respectively (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONRT3D TEE plays an unprecedented role in the management of valvular heart disease. The specific and exclusive shape of the MVA and TVA was revealed in our study of patients studied. Moreover, the intricate codependence of the MVA and the TVA depends on their distinctive shapes. This realization seen from our study will allow us to better understand the role valvular disease plays in disease states such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension.