Polyether amine (PEA) was chemically introduced onto urea-formaldehyde (UF) chains for the purpose of toughening UF foams via reactions of PEA involved hydroxymethylation and condensation in UF system. Through introduction of PEA component, the curing process of UF-b-PEA proceeded within a broader temperature range, and the curing peak shifted to a higher temperature. Compared with neat UF foam, UF-b-PEA foams exhibited polygonal open cells with larger cell size, longer strut length and higher open porosity. During cyclic compression, the Mullins effect and the area in the hysteresis loop were reduced for UF-b-PEA foam, indicating outstanding compression resilience and compressive stability of the foam. Due to the open-cellular structure of foam and excellent flexibility of PEA component, the critical force of Euler buckling (Fc) decreased obviously, indicating the deformability of UF-b-PEA foams was improved without fracture of strut during reversible deformation. Besides, UF-b-PEA foams showed outstanding flame retardancy.