Outputs System Research Articles

International Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Petroleum Industry

Petroleum industry is a pivotal component of a country’s industry, which can provide fuel oil and gasoline to guarantee the running of the whole economy system. By using the history data of petroleum industry in different geographic nations, we can get the difference between countries. To measure the petroleum development level, we collected the corresponding data of petroleum production, consumption, oil export net, oil import net and refining capability of different nations. To calculate the using efficiency of different nations, the comprehensive evaluation named DEA is applied in this paper to in the view of multiple inputs and outputs system. By using the results of comprehensive evaluation and international comparison, the gap analysis between China and other nations are obtained as conclusions.

Based on NERGA a Novel Decentralized PID for Non-Square System

Multivariable non-square system with time delays often arises in the chemical production process. Owing to the matrix that is adopted to describe non-square system is not square, many classical multivariable control methods can be hardly applied in such system. In this paper, based on Non-square effective relative gain (NERGA) a novel decentralized PID control method is proposed. The input and output loops of the non-square system are paired though NERGA firstly, and then strong robust decentralized multivariable proportional-integral-differential (PID) controllers are designed individually based on the squared models. Finally, Simulation study was carried out for three inputs and two outputs system, the simulation results can demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Studies on Two-stage DEA Model with Preference Information for Multiple Inputs and Outputs System

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).Further to an investigation the 2011 International Conference on Energy Systems and Electric Power (ESEP 2011), Energy Procedia, Volume 13 has been removed by the publisher due to insufficient assurances by the programme organisers that the professional ethical codes of publishing and standards were applied consistently. For author enquiries please contact: [email protected].

Evolutionary Game Theory in Multi-Objective Optimization Problem

Multi-objective optimization focuses on simultaneous optimization of multiple targets. Evolutionary game theory transforms the optimization problem into game strategic problem and using adaptable dynamic game evolution process intelligently obtains the optimized strategy. The problem of multiple frequency offsets estimation in distributed multiple inputs and multiple outputs system is real-world multi-objective search and optimization problems which are naturally posed as non-linear programming problems having multiple objectives. Simulation results evidence the proposed algorithm is superior to other algorithms with more robust convergence and environmental applicability.

The Patient Care Delivery Model – an open system framework: conceptualisation, literature review and analytical strategy

This paper presents the Patient Care Delivery Model to illustrate interrelationships between model components and to support its application in research using advanced analytical techniques, including structural equation modelling. Many complex factors contribute to the nature of healthcare environments and to nurse, patient and system outcomes. A better understanding of these factors and their interrelationships would provide insight for decision-makers to develop strategies to improve outcomes. A literature review approach was used to address the objectives. A threefold approach used existing theory to explicate a comprehensive conceptual framework, reviewed empirical studies of the proposed relationships and considered the application of advanced analytical techniques to inform future research directions. As per general system theory, inputs (patient, nurse and system characteristics) to the Patient Care Delivery Model interact with throughputs (nursing interventions, work environments and environmental complexity) to produce intermediate (staffing levels) and distal outputs (patient, nurse and system outcomes). Application of the model in research and its relevance for healthcare settings is supported in the current literature. Statistical techniques that allow model testing and the investigation of multiple relationships simultaneously have demonstrated the interconnections among the model components. Development of the Patient Care Delivery Model is a step towards understanding work environments and providing healthcare managers with evidence-based management tools. Formal testing of comprehensive, multilevel conceptual models will provide empirical linkages between inputs and outputs and will identify potential mediators between predictors and outcomes to offer new insight into organisational practices. A better understanding of how factors in the work environment impact clinical outcomes can facilitate care processes in the nursing unit. Future studies using comprehensive conceptual frameworks and sophisticated analytical approaches will enhance professional nursing practice and improve clinical outcomes in healthcare organisations.

Robust estimation of excitations in mechanical systems using M-estimators—Experimental applications

This second part of the study presents some experimental applications to mechanical systems in which the results of excitation estimation, obtained using traditional least squares and M-estimate, are compared. The first case presented is a single input–multiple outputs system: a simple test-rig for the study of the vibrations of a two-degrees of freedom system is employed to identify the constraint displacement that causes the measured mass vibrations in presence of heavy noise. The second case is a multiple inputs–multiple outputs system: a rotor test-rig is used to identify the positions, the amplitudes and the phases of two unbalances using the vibrations measured in the bearings. In this case, also an additional theoretical part is introduced about the basics of model-based identification in the frequency domain applied to rotor dynamics. The last case is again a single input–multiple outputs system, but in an industrial application: experimental vibrations of a 320 MW steam turbo-generator are used to identify position and amount of a known balancing mass in an on-field real case. Moreover, whilst in the numerical examples presented in the first part the knowledge of the system was perfect, in these cases some uncertainties are present also in the system model. Finally, the paper introduces the use of the M-estimate technique to evaluate the adequacy the model of the system, by means of the analysis of the weights attributed to the measures as a function of the frequency of the excitation.

ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF THREE - TANK - SYSTEM: POLYNOMIAL APPROACH

Control of a three – tank - system laboratory model as a two inputs – two outputs system is presented. The objective laboratory model is a multivariable nonlinear system. It is based on experience with authentic industrial control applications. Two control algorithms utilizing polynomial theory and pole – placement are proposed. Particular controllers are based on various configuration of the closed loop. The algorithms in adaptive version are then used for control of the model. The results of the real-time experiments are also included. Quality of control achieved by both methods is compared and discussed.

CONTROL-ORIENTED MODELING OF 2D TORSIONAL MICROMIRROR

This paper presents a simplified model of 2D torsional micromirror for control design. The micromirror system is modeled as a two inputs two outputs (TITO) system with nonlinear electrostatic torques, which are coupled with the two inputs and the two tilt angles. The coupling property of the electrostatic torques makes it difficult to design the control law. To surmount the problem, a new model based on extracting the dominant nonlinear terms and Taylor's expansion is proposed. The micromirror system together with the simplified model is coded in Matlab™ S-function. The simulation result shows that the model is feasible for control design.

Neuro-PD Control for Modeling and Stabilization of Inverted Pendulum

In Japan, about 84 percent of real plants adopt PID controllers. However, when we use them, we are required much effort and time for tuning the PID gains. In this paper, we propose a method using a neural network stabilization of the inverted pendulum which is the single input and two outputs system. Here, we propose a neuro-PD control system to stabilize the inverted pendulum, which consists of two PD controllers and a neural network to tune the PD gains. Finally, the experimental results to stabilize the inverted pendulum are illustrated to show effectiveness of the present method.

Multivariable Control of Distillation Column

Three methods for discrete control of distillation column are compared. The distillation column, separating binary mixture of methanol-water, is regarded as a two inputs - two outputs system. The controller design for all methods is made by the pole placement method, but three different variants are used: The multivariable case, the decoupling with precompensator and the decoupling with precompensator and unit output feedback. The methods are tested on the simulation model of the column.