Output Power Of Solar Panel Research Articles

Implementation of FPGA-Based Charge Control for a Self-Sufficient Solar Tracking Power Supply System

This study used a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with a Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA to implement Reflex charge control in a dual-axis solar tracking system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The chaos embedded particle swarm optimization method was used to search for the optimum gain constants of the PI controller and the Reflex charging frequency. This scheme not only increases the output power of solar panels but also has a significant effect on switching loss and oscillation of solar charging. The experiment results showed that the proposed method can also significantly improve temperature rise, and that charging efficiency is also better than it is in a traditional charge mode. The results also showed that charging power was enough for solar tracking and the requirements of the charging system. The most significant contribution of this paper is that the scheme can be applied to any active solar tracking and charging system.

Critical Factors Affecting Efficiency of Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar Cells

A photovoltaic cell produces electrical energy directly from visible light. However, their efficiency is fairly low. So, the solar cell costs expensive as compared to other energy resources products. Various factors affect solar cell efficiency. This paper presents the most important factors that affecting efficiency of solar cells. These effects are cell temperature, MPPT (maximum power point tracking) and energy conversion efficiency. The changing of these factors improves solar cell efficiency for more reliable applications. There is a large energy demand due to industrial development and population growth especially in India. The main challenge in replacing conventional energy sources with newer and more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as solar and wind energy, is how to capture the maximum energy and deliver the maximum power at a minimum cost for a given load. The output power of photovoltaic cells or solar panels has nonlinear characteristics and these are also affected by temperature, light intensity and load.

Critical Factors Affecting Efficiency of Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar Cells

A photovoltaic cell produces electrical energy directly from visible light. However, their efficiency is fairly low. So, the solar cell costs expensive as compared to other energy resources products. Various factors affect solar cell efficiency. This paper presents the most important factors that affecting efficiency of solar cells. These effectsare cell temperature, MPPT (maximum power point tracking) and energy conversion efficiency. The changing of these factors improves solar cell efficiency for more reliable applications. There is a large energy demand due to industrial development and population growth especially in India. The main challenge in replacing conventional energy sources with newer and more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as solar and wind energy, is how to capture the maximum energy and deliver the maximum power at a minimum cost for a given load. The output power of photovoltaic cells or solar panels has nonlinear characteristics and these are also affected by temperature, light intensity and load.

In Situ Solar Panel Output Power Measurement Related to Climate Parameters using Digital Recording

Solar energy in tropical area is one of potential renewable energy due to the sun always shines along of a year involving in dry and rainy season. The power output of solar panel is depended on climate parameters including solar radiation, humidity, cloud, rain, and dust decomposition. This paper explores the climate parameters that potentially affect the power output of solar panel and estimate the solar energy in such region based on its climate parameters. To measure the climate and electric data, this work develops in house digital climate and electrical data recording that saves the data of humidity, wind speed, temperature, solar irradiance, current, and voltage sensors. The data are analyzed by equation of correlation between climate parameters, power output and solar panel temperature. The protoype of digital recording is tested at Politeknik Negeri Semarang located on latitude -7.054044 and longitude 110.434695 during dry season. Based on the correlation analysis of several climate parameters to solar panel output power, the correlation value of the humidity is -0.85, ambient temperature=0.87, solar irradiance=0.98, wind speed= -0.34 and cell temperature=0.83. This work can be used to estimate the potency of solar panel output power in specific location using climate data.

Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking on Photovoltaic Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm

Most energy sources that are commonly used in the world today are from fossils. This kind of energy is unrenewable and limited. Use of solar panels (Photovoltaic, PV) to generate electricity is growing fast and it can be used as an alternative energy instead of fossils. The problem faced by use of solar panels is that the generated power is not optimum for a particular load. It is always changing and influenced by the level of light (irradiance) and temperature. Therefore we need a way to maximize the power output of solar panels. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a method for finding its maximum power point. In this research, the MPPT is designed to locate the point of generated maximum power on solar panels. MPPT controller designed in this research is using fuzzy logic. The voltage and current from the solar panels will be fed to the fuzzy logic controller. The output of fuzzy logic in the form of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal regulates the process of switching boost converter. Experimental results show that output power from PV increase 15.9% and the efficiency of designed boost converter ranges in approximatelly 90.97 %

Design and implementation of FPGA-based Taguchi-chaos-PSO sun tracking systems

The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based intelligent sun tracking system proposed in this paper uses an NI 9642 controller to integrate the dual-axis sun tracking system with a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), so as to effectively increase the output power of solar panels. Furthermore, it is provided with multiple intelligent functions, so that the system can start up the sun tracking function automatically in the daytime, and automatically return to its initial position at night. It has a delay function to reduce the electric power consumed by the motor in rotation. Moreover, it can be switched to dual-axis or one-axis sun tracking freely as required by the user, and the solar panel inclination can be operated directly. The dual-axis sun tracking system uses the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to look for the parameters of the PI controller. The Taguchi Method and Logistic Map are proposed to enhance the steady state convergence of PSO in seeking the optimal solution. The MPPT uses Fuzzy Logic to adjust the step length of the incremental conductance method, so as to remedy the defects in the traditional fixed step method, and to make the solar panel output reach the maximum power point position rapidly and stably.

The Effect of Three-phase Voltage Imbalance at PCC on Solar Panel Output Power

Photovoltaic generation is one of the promising renewable sources and is deployed in more and more power systems. Like other distributed generation, solar panels are connected to distribution systems instead of transmission systems. Distribution systems are inherently unbalanced, so the power flow studies must consider three phases. The interface between solar panel and distribution system is a DC-DC converter and an inverter, which are normally designed provided that the system is balanced. This paper analyses the output power of solar panel under both balanced and unbalanced PCC voltages and found the three-phase powers are not equal and unity power factor control cannot be realized when PCC voltages are unbalanced while the controller works well when PCC voltages are balanced. The results of simulation conform to the analysis. The work of this paper shows that simple P-Q solar panel models are not good for distribution system power flow studies, and present unity power factor controller does not work well for solar panel connected to distribution systems.

Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for PV Applications

This paper presents a solar panel model using perturb and observe technique to obtain maximum power output. Since the output power of solar panel varies with irradiance and temperature, it is necessary for it to be operated with maximum power point tracking. The photovoltaic module is built using mathematical equations considering a constant atmospheric condition. A boost chopper is used as an interface between the solar module and the resistive load for maximum power point tracking. The simulation results for irradiance and temperature level of 1 to 5 KW/m2 and 25 to 80 degree celcius respectively is shown in the results. The solar power output is found to be directly proportional to irradiance and inversely proportional to temperature.

Antireflection coatings for solar panel power output enhancement

ABSTRACTThe impact of nanostructured broadband antireflection (AR) coatings on solar panel performance has been projected for a broad range of panel tilt angles at various locations. AR coated films have been integrated on test panels and the short-circuit current has been measured for the entire range of panel tilts. The integration of the AR coatings resulted in an increase in short-circuit current of the panels by eliminating front sheet reflection loss for a broad spectrum of light and wide angle of light incidence. The short-circuit current enhancement is 5% for normal light incidence and approximately 20% for off-angle light incidence. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) System Advisor Model (SAM) predicts that this AR coating can yield at least 6.5% improvement in solar panel annual power output. The greatest enhancement, approximately 14%, is predicted for vertical panels. The AR coating’s contributions to vertical mount panels and building-integrated solar panels are significant. This nanostructured broadband AR coating thus has the potential to lower the cost per watt of photovoltaic solar energy.

Design and Development of Power System for Transmission Line Online Monitor Device

The utility model provides a transmission line on-line monitoring system powered devices, including power generation systems, and power control systems; power system consists of solar panels and batteries composed of the power control system consists of DC-DC converter circuit, voltage and current sampling circuit, microcontroller system and charge-discharge circuit; power control system with maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking: MPPT) control the power output of solar panels; the utility model role is: to improve the transmission line on-line monitoring system for solar energy utilization efficiency , extended battery life, providing a steady continuous power for outdoor transmission line online monitoring system.

Design of an Intelligent Solar-LED Streetlight

Solar-led streetlight is a hotspot in photovoltaic lighting at present, it combines solar energy with HB LEDs (High Brightness Light Emitting Diodes) called the fourth generation of light source to improve the conventional streetlight in several aspects. Due to the clean nature of solar energy, and the highly efficient energy conversion of the PV module and very long operating life of the HB LED, the solar-LED streetlight, compared to traditional streetlight, can save electricity remarkably, thus abating greenhouse gas emission. During the photovoltaic lighting system, MPPT technology is generally used with the aim of maximizing the solar panel output power from beginning to the end. Therefore, if the controller combines MPPT technology with the traditionally constant-voltage charging technology, the charge efficiency will be greatly increased. While, for the discharge issue, people hope to modulate the brightness of streetlight so as to decrease the electricity consume.

Impact of Two Types Flat Reflector Materials on Solar Panel Characteristics

Reflector is used to increase the amount of solar radiation that the solar panels are exposed with, thus increasing the production of electric power. Parameters and I-V characteristic curve of a solar panel is strongly influenced by the amount of solar radiation received by the solar panels. This paper will discuss the effects of flat reflectors on the parameters and I-V characteristic curve of the solar panels. The parameters are solar radiation and temperature at solar panel, maximum power output (PMPP), voltage when PMPP is reached (VMPP), current when PMPP is reached (IMPP), short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), and Fill Factor (FF). In this study, the types of reflector material are stainless steel mirror and aluminum foil. Reflector is placed beside solar panels. Reflector tilt angle was varied at 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees. The measurement results show that the greatest increases in solar panel producing electric power are achieved at 75 degrees tilt angle. Aluminum foil reflector and stainless steel mirror can increase power output of solar panels until around 31.5 % and 21.5% respectively. In this tilt angle, for these two types of material reflector, VOC and VMPP tend not to change, ISC, IMPP, solar radiation and temperature on solar panel are increasing, whereas FF is decreasing around 4%. Changes in these parameters refer to the condition without a reflector.

Honeywell helps improve efficiency, power output of solar panels

Honeywell helps improve efficiency, power output of solar panels

Measurements on a PV solar pump equipped with a piston pump with a matching valve

The work on a simple high efficient solar pump equipped with a piston pump with a matching valve, reported at the Solar World Congress in Budapest, has been continued. Quasi-static and dynamic models of the solar pump have been derived with which the operation of the system is simulated. A test rig has been built at ECN in Petten (The Netherlands) to perform some preliminary measurements. These tests show that the piston with a matching valve indeed ensures a good matching of the system components over a wide range of solar insolations. Daily average solar panel maximum power point tracking efficiencies of over 80% were measured. Daily average subsystem efficiencies (solar panel power output to hydraulic power output) measured were about 40%, which is lower than expected. These low efficiencies were caused by substantial power losses in the motor, transmission and pump. The losses can easily be reduced by appropriate design of each component; subsystem efficiencies of 50% should be attainable.

Use of passive heat transfer and fluorescence to improve performance of photovoltaic solar panels

The effect of solar radiation and temperature on the performance of solar panels was tested in order to improve the power output of the panels. A system comprising of two stages was used: a water circulation system was found to be necessary to overcome the degradation in V rmoc with panel temperature and at the same time, an alcoholic solution of a number of fluorescent substances were tested to enhance the output power of a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, by modification of the solar radiation spectrum towards a region where the silicon response is more favourable.