Output Of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Research Articles

Self-Powered TENG with High Humidity Sensitivity from PVA Film Modified by LiCl and MXene.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising for a variety of applications that require a reliable output performance and stability. In this work, by utilizing the synergistic effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) and MXene, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based composite films with humidity-sensitive properties were prepared and employed as a friction layer to achieve self-powered TENGs with enhanced output performance under high humidity. The composite material demonstrates exceptional and stable output performance in the humidity range of 30-95% while exhibiting a strong linear correlation with increasing relative humidity (RH). At 95% RH, its short-circuit current increases up to 31.91 μA, which is three times the output of the TENG fabricated by PVA and PTFE (P-TENG). The rich hydroxyl group in PVA, the strong hygroscopicity of LiCl, and the microcapacitor network provided by MXene nanosheets significantly improve the water absorption capacity and surface roughness of the composite material, resulting in an excellent triboelectric output of TENG. Short-circuit current of the TENG in a wide range of RH (from 50% to 98%) responds very sensitively to humidity fluctuations in the environment and superior adsorption-desorption performance as humidity decreases. Furthermore, TENG regarded as a power supply in high humidity conditions was realized and it can light up 240 LEDs instantaneously with the transfer charge density of TENG reaching 194.37 μC m-2. This technology presents an effective method for stable energy harvesting and self-powered sensing in fog, the ocean, and other high-humidity environments.

Achieving High‐Efficiency Wind Energy Harvesting Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Coupling Soft Contact, Charge Space Accumulation, and Charge Dissipation Design

AbstractTo enhance the durability of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), soft contact is an effective approach due to its flexible and elastic contact mode. However, soft contact is hard to obtain with a large charge density by triboelectrification, resulting in low power output. Herein, a novel blade soft contact TENG (BSC‐TENG), coupling flexible functional blades with shielded electrodes on the rotor, charge accumulation, and charge dissipation design on the stator, is proposed. Extra polishing blades and debris storage grooves are adopted in the BSC‐TENG to further ensure high durability. A remarkable charge density of 328 µC m−2 is achieved, setting a new record for soft contact TENGs. Besides, the output charge remains at 100% even after 200 000 cycles. The wind‐driven BSC‐TENG not only can power 3840 green LEDs and 80 parallel hygrothermometers but also can drive electronic devices for smart farms, establishing self‐powered sensing systems. This work provides a novel strategy for enhancing soft contact TENG output and durability.

Triboelectric nanogenerators: theoretical calculations, materials, and applications in net-zero emissions

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown great potential in converting discrete mechanical energy in the environment into electricity without producing any greenhouse gases in the process, and they have been regarded as one of the most powerful methods to achieve zero carbon emissions. It has been confirmed that the output performance is the main factor limiting the real-world applications of the TENGs. Establishing universal standards for quantity analysis TENGs’ outputs and seeking advanced dielectric materials to improve the charge density are the two priorities for boosting TENG outputs. Here, the working mechanisms of TENG and the quantitative analysis of TENG output performance are introduced to reveal the relationships of Q–V–I–x (charge-voltage-current-displacement) and the energy conversion efficiencies. Selecting suitable triboelectric materials is the key to enhancing the performance of TENG. Materials used as advanced friction or dielectric layers are elaborated, including metals, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymers, and composites. Moreover, the influences of performance improvement methods, such as ionization injection, intermediate layer, surface modification, and charge-excitation strategy, are discussed accordingly. Finally, applications to achieving the goal of net zero and future challenges of TENGs are presented. This review provides strategies for guiding the further development of TENGs toward higher performances and promoting the commercialization of TENG net-zero systems.

Metal-organic frameworks-induced Self-Poling effect of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers for performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerator

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit various unique properties, but these properties have not been fully utilized for the performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The MOFs with MIL-101(Cr) structure is a nanomaterial designed for extremely large pore structures than conventional MOF structures to absorb and desorb various solvents, which induces a new phenomenon, self-polling effect (SPE) in the organic materials. We verified and suggested the SPE mechanism of the N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent by the MIL-101(Cr) structured MOFs in the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers. Because of the SPE, the MOFs-based composite NFs showed enhanced TENG output performances by additionally induced β-phase in the PVDF NFs even after the electrospinning process. The composite PVDF NFs with optimal MOF content of 0.8 wt% showed an output power density of 568.8 µW/cm2, which is larger by 8.96 times compared to the pure PVDF NFs. After the SPE process, the output power density increased to 871.2 µW/cm2, which is 13.7 times larger than that of pure PVDF NFs. Different from the pure PVDF NFs, the MOFs-based composite PVDF NFs showed improved output powers after the SPE process regardless of MOF contents. Based on excellent performance, the TENG with the MOFs-based composite PVDF NFs was sufficiently utilized as a self-powered triggering sensor for smart home devices that can wirelessly operate various electronic devices.

Fully degradable chitosan–based triboelectric nanogenerators applying in disposable medical products for information transfer

Chitosan (CS) is a natural material with remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and electron-donating ability, making it an excellent candidate for use in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for the development of wearable sensors. The output performance of CS has been improved by modifications with fillers or functional groups. However, it is still difficult to realize excellent power generation and desired degradation simultaneously. Herein, we design a CS friction layer by plasticizer addition and a template method to obtain a high–performance and fully degradable TENG–based sensor for effective information transmission. Because of the microstructure design of the friction film and glycerol plasticizer addition, the CS–glycerol friction layer has a high contact area in the friction process. Therefore, this CS–glycerol TENG achieves a higher output performance with an open–circuit voltage of 127 V, 2.32 times higher than that of a CS–based TENG fabricated without a template method. Finally, the CS–glycerol TENG sensor is used in an alphabetic code transfer application and can be completely degraded in the soil within 69 days after completing its working cycle. The template and plasticizer strategy effectively improves the CS based TENG output performance and maintains the complete degradation. Furthermore, because of the extensibility, positive cooling ability, and antibacterial activity, the degradable CS–glycerol TENG sensor has great potential for application in multifunctional wearable sensors, especially for disposable medical products.

Ultra-durable and high-output triboelectric nanogenerator based on coupling of soft-soft contact and volume effect

Output performance and durability are two key issues for the practical application of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Although the soft contact structure design is a preferred strategy currently for improving the working life of TENGs, it is difficult to achieve a high output performance. Exploring physical and chemical properties of soft contact materials is a reliable way to achieve ultra-durable and high-output TENGs. Herein, an advanced structure for soft-soft contact is designed by combining ultra-soft PU foam and a spring steel sheet. The soft-soft contact triboelectric nanogenerator (SS-TENG) maintains 100 % of the initial output after 1000,000 operation cycles. More importantly, the high leakage characteristics of PU foam enable the triboelectric charge to migrate up and down inside the dielectric material, significantly improving the output performance of the SS-TENG (charge density and peak power are 144 μC/m−2 and 178 mW, respectively). This study provided an effective approach for promoting the output and durability of TENGs. Meanwhile, this work offers a reliable solution for the development of self-powered sensor networks for smart agriculture.

High performance triboelectric nanogenerator with needle tips discharge for gas detection applications

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas detection in various domains, including industry, agriculture, and livestock, et. However, existing CO2 gas detection methods often suffer from issues such as bulkiness, heaviness, high power consumption. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop a compact, lightweight, and efficient CO2 gas detection approach. This paper introduces a self-powered CO2 gas detection method based on a rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a needle-like ionization structure, capable of inducing gas ionization. This paper presents a self-powered CO2 gas detection method based on a rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a needle-like ionisation structure that induces ionisation of the gas. After gas ionisation, the output performance of the overall TENG system is increased extremely substantially, and CO2 is characterised by its high output of distinct signals. By ionizing CO2 gas under different air pressure, concentration, and humidity conditions, the TENG generates distinct voltage outputs, enabling discrimination of CO2 gas pressure, concentration, and humidity levels. Experimental tests involving gas ionization are carried out at air pressures ranging from − 10 kPa to − 60 kPa, yielding a post-ionization voltage increase from 650 V to 1800 V, showing a linear increase. As the CO2 gas concentration in the gas mixture rises from 10% to 90%, the gas ionization gradually and linearly enhances the voltage performance of the TENG. Humidity tests demonstrate a negative correlation between voltage change and humidity when humidity is below 55 RH (%), while a positive correlation is observed when humidity exceeds 55 RH (%). Leveraging the correlation between CO2 gas pressure, concentration, humidity, and the TENG's output performance, a simple and efficient method of CO2 gas detection can be proposed. The proposed CO2 gas detection method exhibits simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and self-powered operation, offering potential applications in industrial and Internet of Things (IoT) domains.

Conversion of Dielectric Surface Effect into Volume Effect for High Output Energy.

Improving the output energy and durability of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) remains a considerable challenge for their practical applications. Owing to the interface effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, thinner films with higher dielectric constants yield a higher output; however, they are not durable for practical applications. Herein, the dielectric surface effect is changed into a volume effect by adopting a millimeter-thick dielectric film with an inner porous network structure so that charges can hop in the surface state of the network. Charge migration inside the dielectric film is the key factor affecting the output of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)with a thick film, based on which each working stage follows the energy-maximization principle in the voltage-charge plot. The maximum peak and average power densities of the TENG with polyurethane foam film in 1mm thickness reach 40.9 and 20.7Wm-2 Hz-1 , respectively, under environmental conditions, and the output charge density is 5.14times that of TENGs with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film of the same thickness. Superdurability is achieved in the rotary-mode TENGafter 200000 operation cycles. This study identifies the physical mechanism of the thick dielectric film used in TENGs and provides a new approach to promote the output and durability of TENGs.

Influence of Laser Wavelength in Simultaneous Patterning of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene and Copper Electrode Surface Towards Performance Enhancement of Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising cost‐effective energy harvesters useful to scavenge vibration or mechanical movements from various domains. Ranging from condition monitoring of machines to motion sensing of humans, its applications are enormous in the internet of things scenario. Enhancing the performance of small‐sized TENGs is of great demand, and pulsed laser‐assisted texturing is an efficient and proven method to enhance the output of energy harvesters. This work studies simultaneous laser patterning of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) dielectric material and the underneath copper electrode with three different wavelengths (355, 532, and 1064 nm) of the Nd3+:YAG laser and the device's electrical performance is analyzed. The maximum enhancement is observed in the case of 355 nm laser‐assisted patterning on FEP and Cu electrode with a laser fluence of 10 J cm−2. The improvement is least in the case of 1064 nm laser‐assisted patterning. Laser patterning on the underlying electrode with this new approach is able to produce an enhancement in the TENG output. However, patterning on the FEP top surface is critical in the process.

Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Droplet Energy Harvesting Based on Hydrophobic Composites.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have shown great potential in harvesting energy from water. For the TENG that harvests water energy, surface hydrophobicity is crucial for its performance. In this paper, we prepare a hydrophobic composite film of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Polydimethylsiloxane/Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF/PDMS/PTFE) and an electrode of Polyaniline/Carbon nanotubes/Silver nanowires (PANI/CNTs/AgNWs) by electrospinning technology and a doping method, respectively, which are served as the friction layer and top electrode of TENG. The contact angle of the hydrophobic film and electrode both reach over 120°, which makes the separation process between water and the interface complete and promotes the output of TENG. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) can reach 150 V and 60 μA approximately. In addition, the composite electrode can be applied in the preparation of complex electrode shapes. Furthermore, the different reactions of TENG to different liquids indicate that it may contribute to liquid-type sensing systems. This work presents an efficient approach to fabricating hydrophobic films and electrodes, laying a foundation for the development of TENG for harvesting water energy.

Smart triboelectric floor based on calcium silicate-carbon composite for energy harvesting and motion sensing applications

Harnessing mechanical energy from footsteps has been proposed using a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabricated from calcium silicate (CS) composites, which are the main components of cement materials. Electrical output performance of a CS-based TENG is enhanced by addition of conductive Super P® carbon black (SP). A 0.04 wt% addition of SP to CS materials is found to increase the dielectric constant and contributes to the intensified triboelectric charge density and hence the electrical output of the CS TENG. The CS-SP TENG exhibits a significant improvement in power output that is over ten times greater than unmodified CS TENG. Furthermore, incorporation of SP also enhances crystallization which reduces the formation of air voids. This leads to a changed surface morphology and improved compressive strength of the CS composite. A smart floor application of the CS-SP TENG to convert mechanical energy from human steps into electricity and motion sensor are also demonstrated.

Coupling charge pump and BUCK circuits to efficiently enhance the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) faces significant challenges in practical applications because of its low output charge density and high matching impedance, and the development of its energy management circuits is hindered by high initial device requirements, large circuit size and poor portability. In this work, we propose a simple, efficient and versatile energy management strategy that two-stage amplification of TENG output performance by coupling a charge pump circuit with a BUCK circuit. By implementing the energy management strategy, the charge output per cycle of an ordinary TENG can be increased by more than 40 times, resulting in a power density of 25.2 mWm−2 and a total energy transfer efficiency of exceeding 88% in constant mode. At a working frequency of 1 Hz, the TENG can charge a 1000 μF capacitor to 5.04 V in 240 s and store the energy of more than 12.72 mJ, of which represents an 848-fold increase in stored energy compared to using TENG directly. Remarkably, this TENG device exhibits exceptional an average power of 100.7 μW/Hz, setting a new record for devices with smaller TENG size (< 50 cm2) or limited PM circuit size (< 10 cm2). Moreover, an ordinary TENG can continuously power a wireless sensor by integrating the portable power management circuit, facilitating real-time wireless data transmission. This study is of great significance for the practical application of the TENG power supply in the sensor network of the Internet of Things and for expanding the application range of the TENG.

Optimization of electromagnetic-triboelectric wind energy harvester based on coaxial reversed mechanism with tip discharge

In recent years, the development of triboelectric-electromagnetic composite energy harvesters has revolutionized low-power urban devices by providing a cost-effective and high-output energy solution. However, most triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have limited current output in the μA range, restricting their widespread application. Additionally, existing electromagnetic structures lack compactness and portability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a compact triboelectric-electromagnetic composite wind energy harvester based on a coaxial reversing mechanism and tip discharge. It achieves gas ionization and increases the TENG's output current by utilizing TENG charge accumulation during rotation through a sidewall tip-copper structure. Compared to conventional TENGs, this harvester elevates the current from the μA level to the mA level. Moreover, it improves the output performance of the small volume electromagnetic generator (EMG) structure through the synchronous reversal of the magnet and coil at the same wind speed using two coaxial reversing propellers, intensifying the magnetic flux variation. Notably, the EMG structure outperforms a single rotating coil or magnet, achieving a remarkable 12% increase in output performance. At average urban wind speeds, this wind energy harvester can charge capacitors of 33 μF, 100 μF, and 220 μF to 2.5 V in 1.6 s, 2 s, and 3.6 s. Furthermore, it can power over 500 small LEDs and support the operation of temperature and humidity sensors. With its efficient wind energy harvesting technology, the proposed harvester holds great promise for self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

Flexible composite material for self-powered applications via triboelectricity and mechanoluminescence: PDMS/ZnS:Cu composites

Triboelectricity and mechanoluminescence (ML) arise from the same physical processes of charge separation and recombination within the material. By measuring both phenomena simultaneously, researchers can gain insights into the nature and extent of charge separation and recombination, as well as the correlation between mechanical stress and light emission. This work shows that a composite based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ ZnS:Cu particles possess the ideal ML and can also generate electric output by contact electrification. Using mechanoluminescent materials in wearable devices offers a non-invasive and reliable way to measure mechanical deformation and stress, generating crucial data for a wide range of applications. The single-electrode mode-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was developed to realize the simultaneous ML and TENG output. During pressing motion, the PDMS/ ZnS: Cu-based TENG device delivered an electrical output of 210 V and 800 nA. Furthermore, the bending motion was then utilized to demonstrate the simultaneous ML and TENG output during various self-powered applications, such as the monitoring of bent body parts, finger joints, and harnessing wind flow.

Textile-inspired triboelectric nanogenerator as intelligent pavement energy harvester and self-powered skid resistance sensor

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides a new idea for harvesting low-frequency energy tire-road interaction and self-powered sensors. A real-time assessment of skid resistance provides valuable information to deliver appropriate driving manner to ensure safety in all weather conditions. However, there is no mature perception technology in the previous study due to the complexity of tire-road interaction. Inventing appropriate devices and solutions for harvesting wasted energy and obtaining skid resistance information in real-time is essential. Here, a textile-inspired TENG is developed, which was integrated into the tire cord for energy harvesting and self-powered skid resistance monitoring. As the theoretical basis, the capability of the proposed textile-inspired TENG for energy harvesting and skid-resistance monitoring was demonstrated based on the coupling of vehicle-road dynamics and the electrodynamics. Consequently, the average power density reaches to 4.219 mW/m2(output power with 82.7 μW). Besides, the short-circuit current waveform of the intelligent tires was firstly applied to distinguish the difference of the pavement skid resistance caused by the roughness characteristics of the pavement structure. The open-circuit voltage amplitude was adopted to evaluate the correlation quantitatively between pavement skid resistance and the TENG's output signal, and the accuracy of this system can reach 96%. This work innovatively proposes a new idea for simultaneously harvesting wasted energy from tire-road interaction and improving the level of traffic safety and expands the application of triboelectric nanogenerators for automatic driving technology.

The future of energy harvesting: A brief review of MXenes‐based triboelectric nanogenerators

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown immense potential as self‐powering devices for energy harvesting, electronics, and self‐powered sensing devices. However, the performance of TENGs largely depends on the materials used, therefore, it is crucial to select appropriate materials. While dielectric polymers, metals, and inorganic materials have been commonly employed as active materials for TENGs, there is a need to explore new materials that offer improved performance. One promising material is two‐dimensional MXenes, which have shown exciting potential in various applications, including wearable sensors and electrochemical energy storage. For this reason, further research is needed to fully evaluate the performance of MXenes‐based TENGs and to determine their suitability for practical applications. This review emphasizes the significance of material selection in order to optimize the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Here, the mechanism of TENGs is clearly explained for devices that convert mechanical energy into electric energy. The concept of the triboelectric effect is also described, which generates charge density on material surfaces, along with various types of TENG working modes. The selection of materials is thoroughly discussed, highlighting the growing interest in polymeric and biopolymeric materials, as well as functionalized and inorganic triboelectric materials. Also, exploration of materials that can enhance the output of TENGs, such as chemical modification techniques and the utilization of 2D materials like graphene and MXenes to improve triboelectricity is also included. The synthesis methods and techniques for MXenes are explored in detail. Furthermore, the performance of MXenes‐based TENGs for energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing is evaluated, and their potential applications in wearable devices are assessed. The study concludes by providing recommendations for future research on MXenes‐based TENGs and their applications in wearable devices.

Fabrication of amino and fluorine functionalized graphene-based polymer composites to enhance the electromechanical conversion efficiency of TENGs for energy-harvesting applications

The two main factors hindering the practical utilization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are low power density and high internal impedance. To address this issue, TENGs with high electromechanical conversion efficiency must be developed. Several techniques have been investigated to improve the TENGs output performance, including surface modifications (physical or chemical) and embedded charge-trap nanomaterials (dielectric or conductive). Herein, we introduce the novel amino-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (AFGO) and graphite-fluorinated polymer (FG) pillars to enhance the tribo-positivity and tribo-negativity of polyurethane (PU) and Ecoflex (EC), respectively. The surface positive-potential of PU is increased almost 2.2 times (from 201 V to 480 V) and negative-potential of Ecoflex is increased 2.1 times (from −848 V to −1813 V) with incorporating AFGO and FG pillars. Functionalized graphene and graphite-based pillars synergistically enhance surface charges (owing to the presence of –NH2 and -F terminating groups) and minimize triboelectric loss (owing to their conductive nature). The effects of the AFGO and FG contents on the electrical performance were studied systematically. The optimized PUAFGO2/EC15FG-TENG exhibited the maximum electrical output performance with an open-circuit potential of 434 V, a short-circuit current of 11. 2 µA, a power density of 1.18 Wm−2 at a load of 40 MΩ, and a charge density of 17.5 µCm−2. The PUAFGO2/EC15FG-TENG showed a mechanical conversion efficiency of 95% and successfully operated 33 LEDs and a stopwatch. Owing to this effectivity, even under low pressures, with a high sensitivity of 9.5 VPa−1 and high mechanical stability, the proposed TENG device could be used as a biomechanical energy harvester in the near future.

Highly stretchable conductors reveal the effect of dielectric layer thickness on triboelectric nanogenerator output

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been extensively studied as harvesting devices for high-entropy energy in the internet of things (IoT) era. However, the mechanism by which the dielectric layer affects the TENG output remains controversial. In this paper, through studying the TENG based on liquid metal (LM) thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite film (LM-TENG), a clear understanding of how the thickness of the dielectric layer affects the output of the TENG is obtained. The resistance-invariant property of the highly stretchable elastic conductor TPU@LM under large strain enables the LM-TENG to work under continuous changes in the thickness of the dielectric layer. The existence of the most suitable thickness of the TENG dielectric layer is demonstrated. The optimum equivalent thickness increased the output power of the LM-TENG by a factor of nine. This result provides important guidance for the structural design of TENGs. Finally, an anti-peeping smart door lock password system based on LM-TENG was successfully designed, demonstrating the great application potential of TENG in the field of smart home.

Universal Energy Solution for Triboelectric Sensors Toward the 5G Era and Internet of Things.

The launching of 5G technology provides excellent opportunity for the prosperous development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and intelligent wireless sensor nodes. However, deploying of tremendous wireless sensor nodes network presents a great challenge to sustainable power supply and self-powered active sensing. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has shown great capability for powering wireless sensors and work as self-powered sensors since its discovery in 2012. Nevertheless, its inherent property of large internal impedance and pulsed "high-voltage and low-current" output characteristic seriously limit its direct application as stable power supply. Herein, a generic triboelectric sensor module (TSM) is developed toward managing the high output of TENG into signals that can be directly utilized by commercial electronics. Finally, an IoT-based smart switching system is realized by integrating the TSM with a typical vertical contact-separation mode TENG and microcontroller, which is able to monitor the real-time appliance status and location information. Such design of a universal energy solution for triboelectric sensors is applicable for managing and normalizing the wide output range generated from various working modes of TENGs and suitable for facile integration with IoT platform, representing a significant step toward scaling up TENG applications in future smart sensing.

Power bonding diagram model and parameter analysis of contact-separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator

Currently, the performance improvement of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) mainly depends on materials, structures, and energy management circuits. In this article, we propose a power bonding diagram model that is similar to the vertical contact-separation TENG. This model can handle systems with multiple forms of energy in a unified way, and intuitively reveal the interaction and energy conversion relationships among the components of the TENG system during operation. Various factors that affect the TENG output performance can be quantitatively described using parameters in the power bonding diagram model of the TENG. Through parameter simulation analysis, it can be found that different changes in parameters during a contact-separation motion of the TENG will have different impacts on its output performance. Among them, the contact charge amount q9 determines the theoretical maximum output electric energy Emax of the TENG. In practical applications, increasing the value of the nonlinear energy R6 during the contact process of the TENG as much as possible will make the actual output electric energy of the TENG approach Emax. The parameter analysis of the power bonding diagram model of the TENG can inspire researchers to improve the output electric energy from both theoretical and practical aspects.