Service Output Research Articles

Regional Open Innovation Systems in a Transition Economy: A Two-Stage DEA Model to Estimate Effectiveness

The development of innovation at a regional level in a transition economy is characterised by complex multidirectional processes of generating and commercialising innovation, indicating the need for systematic research and rethinking of the existing methods of managing such territorial entities to stimulate innovation. For the successful introduction and implementation of innovative solutions, the deployment of appropriate amounts of intellectual, material and financial resources as well as their concentration in space and time is important. This article aims to develop a model for assessing the effectiveness of regional innovation systems (RISs) during the shift from the transition economy to the market economy. The authors developed a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model connected with patent activities and the output of innovative goods and services. The model’s application made it possible to build maps describing the rating of regions concerning the performance indicator and to identify the availability of unutilised resources. For example, we identified efficient and inefficient regions in terms of producing innovative products, which is especially important for developing additional measures for developing the institutional environment of regions with considerable resources but very low utilisation efficiency. The data obtained will allow for more effective management of the structural elements of RISs as well as the detection of changes in the dynamics of key development indicators by identifying the size of efficiency reserves and the causes of their occurrence at the individual subject level.

Quality of refractive error care (Q.REC) in Cambodia, Malaysia and Pakistan: protocol for a cross-sectional unannounced standardised patient study

IntroductionThere are 161 million people living with vision impairment, due to uncorrected refractive errors. A further 510 million people are living with near-vision impairment. There is a need for clearly...

Sosialisasi dan Pendampingan Implementasi Peraturan Gubernur DIY No. 60 Tahun 2020 bagi Guru PPKn MGMP SMA dan SMK Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Corruption, even during a pandemic, is still happening. This means that preventing corruption and corrupt behavior must be more massive, likewise with the implementation of Anti-Corruption Education (PAK). The Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta issued the Governor of DIY Regulation No. 60 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Anti-Corruption Education Insertions in High Schools and Vocational High Schools and Special Schools. This regulation is not yet known and understood by PPKN teachers in general and PPKn teachers in SMA and SMK in particular. Consequently, the joint commitment in implementing the PAK has not been developed. Based on this, the Service Team carried out socialization and assistance to implement the Gubernatorial Regulation to PPKn SMA and SMK teachers in Kulon Progo. The activity is carried out in three stages, preparation, implementation, and monitoring evaluation—the method with a participatory approach. The service output is a set of learning tools for PPKn SMA and SMK Class X subjects containing PAK. The impact of the activities included PPKn teachers who knew and understood PPKn with PAK content, were skilled at finding and compiling learning media, and were skilled at collecting PPKn learning tools with PAK.

Pelatihan Pembuatan E-Modul dengan Flipbook bagi Guru-guru di SD Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Palangkaraya

Training on Making E-Modules with Flipbooks for Teachers at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Palangkaraya City. The service activity carried out was training in making flipbook media for Teachers at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Palangkaraya. The partner of the service activities carried out is Teachers at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Palangkaraya. Based on the interviews with the Chief Principal and Secretary of Education and Culture, there has never been any training on learning media, especially flipbooks and as many as 85% of teachers have never used digital media in learning. Based on these problems, the service activities carried out offer comprehensive training starting from understanding media literacy, the importance of learning media, providing material on flipbook media, how to make flipbook media according to the steps described and how to use flipbook media in learning. Service activities are carried out in September-November 2021 with the online and offline methods. The output targets of service activities carried out are in the form of services and publications. The service output is in the form of material exposure through training on making flipbook media. The steps taken in this service activity are Exposure to material about media literacy, Exposure to material about learning media, Exposure to material about flipbook media, making flipbook media, Application of flipbook media. The publication output in the form of the result of making e-modules using flipbooks is simply online.

Spatiotemporally explicit prediction of future ecosystem service provisioning in response to climate change, sea level rise, and adaptation strategies

We present a framework to relate the provision of multiple, interacting ecosystem services to climate change and land use adaptation, by combining hydrological process models with statistical species’ distribution models and transfer functions to upscale plot data to the landscape scale. Functional traits of the projected plant communities predict provisional and species conservation services, whereas the hydrological model predicts water-related regulatory services. We applied the framework to coastal areas of the Baltic Sea to predict future ecosystem service outputs in yearly time steps from 2010 to 2100, based on a ‘high emissions’ climate change scenario, a projected sea-level rise of 1.05 m, and four land-management options corresponding to future coastal adaptation strategies. The “Hold the line” strategy implies continual pumping of excess rainwater into the sea to allow farm income from grassland usage, together with high conservation values for rare plants and meadow birds. Towards the end of the century, with an increasing sea-level rise, this results in reverse groundwater flows from sea to land and soil salinization of grasslands. Conversely, “managed realignment” implies the abandonment of pumping, thereby changing grasslands to reeds, reducing farm income and species conservation values, but promoting water retention and carbon sequestration by peat production. Between 2010 and 2100, the time series averaged across all landscape patches masked substantial spatial shifts in the outputs of ecosystem services from lower to higher elevations, emphasizing the relevance of considering both time and space.Multifunctional landscapes, by compromising between provisioning and regulatory ecosystem services, may create the response diversity needed to successfully adapt to climate change and sea-level rise.

Evaluation of Google Image Translate in Rendering Arabic Signage into English

When people travel to another country for work or leisure, they regularly need a medium to help them understand the written messages in other languages. Google Translate offers a new service: translating the content of images (texts) instantly and freely into 100 languages powered by the Neural Machine Translation approach (NMT). In this vein, the current research paper attempts to evaluate the accuracy of Google Image Translate service in rendering the texts printed on Arabic signage: banners and road and shop signs from Arabic into English. Besides, it aims to identify the capacity of Google Translate in rendering Arabic signage into English effectively without the help of human translators. The paper adopts the Linguistic Error Analysis Framework of Costa et al. (2015) in analyzing the output of Google image service in terms of orthography, grammar, lexis, and semantics. The paper shows that Google Translate made the following errors while rendering the content of images into English: mistranslation, omission, additions, wrong choice, misordering, subject-verb disagreement, and semantic errors. In conclusion, the Google Image Translate service helps the users configure the gist of the image. However, a human translator is still needed since MT may not provide an adequate and effective translation as humans do.

Advancing universal health coverage in the COVID-19 era: an assessment of public health services technical efficiency and applied cost allocation in Cambodia

BackgroundAchieving universal health coverage (UHC) is a global priority and a keystone element of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. However, COVID-19 is causing serious impacts on tax revenue and many countries are facing constraints to new investment in health. To advance UHC progress, countries can also focus on improving health system technical efficiency to maximize the service outputs given the current health financing levels.MethodsThis study assesses Cambodia’s public health services technical efficiency, unit costs, and utilization rates to quantify the extent to which current health financing can accommodate the expansion of social health protection coverage. This study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), truncated regression, and pioneers the application of DEA Aumann-Shapley applied cost allocation to the health sector, enabling unit cost estimation for the major social health insurance payment categories.ResultsOverall, for the public health system to be fully efficient output would need to increase by 34 and 73% for hospitals and health centers, respectively. We find public sector service quality, private sector providers, and non-discretionary financing to be statistically significant factors affecting technical efficiency. We estimate there is potential supply-side ‘service space’ to expand population coverage to an additional 4.69 million social health insurance beneficiaries with existing financing if the public health system were fully efficient.ConclusionsPublic health service efficiency in Cambodia can be improved by increasing utilization of cost-effective services. This can be achieved by enrolling more beneficiaries into the social health insurance schemes with current supply-side financing levels. Other factors that can lead to increased efficiency are improving health service quality, regulating private sector providers, focusing on discretionary health financing, and incentivizing a referral system.

АЛЛОКАТИВНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ МОДЕЛЕЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО МЕХАНИЗМА СФЕРЫ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ УСЛУГ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

In the context of the challenges of the neoindustrial stage of the economy, the problem of priority development of human capital industries, the search for new mechanisms to ensure high quality of their growth is being actualized. This problem is particularly acute in relation to the population of rural areas, which are significantly inferior to the city in terms of quality of life. The purpose of this study is to determine the allocative efficiency of social service producers in rural areas, and then compare these indicators with the expansion of the non-state sector of social service producers. The study is based on the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of models for the development of social services, which differ in the nature of the allocation of public resources and the degree of participation of the state, private entrepreneurs and non –profit organizations as alternative participants in the organizational and economic mechanism for providing social benefits. A methodology for assessing allocative efficiency is proposed to justify ways to adapt the development of social services in rural areas to modern conditions. The results of the study show that mainly allocative efficiency is characteristic of the subjects of the public sector and the sphere of social services. These subjects form a larger output with the same attracted resources, which is a key constraint in attracting commercial and nonprofit organizations to the social sphere. The low allocative efficiency of non-state producers of social services explains the lack of proactive development of commercial and non-commercial entities in the field of social services and the corresponding growth in the output of social services by these producers.

Structural inertia of economic systems

Systemic inertia forms a transdisciplinary field of studies, which includes interests of natural sciences, technical studies, humanitarian studies, socio-economic studies, etc. Economic science mainly relied on the methods of economic theory and philosophy to analyze this phenomenon. The globality of this subject impeded the formalization of research, and numerical interpretation of inertia were limited to the introduction of a coefficient in an economic and mathematical model. At the same time, the opportunity of getting numerical values of structural inertia in the industry coordinates was provided by basic dynamic input-output balance model, written as a system of basic differential equations. This model’s capital coefficients matrix (according to V. Leontief) is non-singular and can be called the matrix of interindustry inertia. Its elements have time dimensionality. This research presents the methodology for calculating the matrix. Its dimensionality is equal to the dimensionality of the matrix of the formation of the output of goods and services published by ROSSTAT with the interval of two years. This methodology consists of verifiable sequence of algebraic transformations within the input-output methodology with the specified matrix. This research represents the inertia, related to the processes of formation of basic stock, and the inertia of the formation of the gross value added of Russian economy. The high practical importance of the research consists in the development and demonstration of the economic and mathematical apparatus for contrastive analysis of structural dynamic properties of different economies when they are modeled in the coordinates of the same industries.

Structural inertia of economic systems

Systemic inertia forms a transdisciplinary field of studies, which includes interests of natural sciences, technical studies, humanitarian studies, socio-economic studies, etc. Economic science mainly relied on the methods of economic theory and philosophy to analyze this phenomenon. The globality of this subject impeded the formalization of research, and numerical interpretation of inertia were limited to the introduction of a coefficient in an economic and mathematical model. At the same time, the opportunity of getting numerical values of structural inertia in the industry coordinates was provided by basic dynamic input-output balance model, written as a system of basic differential equations. This model’s capital coefficients matrix (according to V. Leontief) is non-singular and can be called the matrix of interindustry inertia. Its elements have time dimensionality. This research presents the methodology for calculating the matrix. Its dimensionality is equal to the dimensionality of the matrix of the formation of the output of goods and services published by ROSSTAT with the interval of two years. This methodology consists of verifiable sequence of algebraic transformations within the input-output methodology with the specified matrix. This research represents the inertia, related to the processes of formation of basic stock, and the inertia of the formation of the gross value added of Russian economy. The high practical importance of the research consists in the development and demonstration of the economic and mathematical apparatus for contrastive analysis of structural dynamic properties of different economies when they are modeled in the coordinates of the same industries.

Анализ макроструктурной динамики в рамках методологии «затраты–выпуск»

The purpose of this article is to publish the author’s method of the economy structural dynamics formalized analysis based on a dynamic model of input-output balance represented by a system of ordinary differential equations. The model is digitized based on the Rosstat data on the formation of the output of goods and services and elements of its own statistical research base. The methodological components of our work are the provisions of systemic, cross-sectoral and structural dynamic analysis. The presented theoretical and methodological statements, brought to a sequence of verified calculations, exploit the basic dynamic model of inputoutput balance, first published by V.V. Leontief in 1952. For many decades this model remained among so-called “purely theoretical constructions”, since it was never digitized. It was out of many computable models for two reasons: 1) degeneracy of the incremental capital capacities matrix (capital coefficients, as by V.V. Leontief) was believed to be indisputable; 2) the appearance of negative elements in the same matrix when attempting to digitize the model. The results of the work are as follows: the method to digitize the model; the method of numerical assessment of inertia and analysis of structural dynamics in macroeconomics. In a digitized form, the model is made up to solve the structural stability problem, to assess the impact of structural reforms on economic growth, and to analyze the internal / intrinsic dynamic properties of economic systems. This gives possibilities to use this model both independently corresponding to the application, and integrate into the advanced model complexes such as RIM — Russian Interindustry Model by IEF RAS (the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences).

Design of Popular Science Knowledge Sharing Platform Based on Distance Learning

Traditional popular science knowledge sharing platform, because the data update in the sharing platform is not timely, there are malicious advertisements in the platform, and the number of users in the sharing platform is limited. Once the number of users is higher than the set value of the platform, the situation of being stuck and unable to get into the platform will occur, which fails to meet people's expectations for distance learning. Therefore, in order to facilitate more learners to carry out distance learning on the Internet platform, learners will not be restricted by age, identity and region through distance learning, and further explore its daily work flow by designing the structure of scientific knowledge sharing platform for distance learning. This paper divides the popular science knowledge sharing platform based on distance learning into two aspects: platform structure and platform workflow. The structure design of knowledge sharing platform includes resource library module, resource operation service module, external connection and output of data resources. Finally, in order to maintain the operation of the popular science knowledge sharing platform based on distance learning, each module has its own unique functions. This paper designs a simple and efficient distance learning scientific knowledge sharing platform with process task management as the core, process instance management, process privacy management, process responsibility management and other functions.

Establishing outcome measures in practice: Developing a model for services working therapeutically with children and families

Abstract Providers of therapeutic services to children and families have, in recent times, been subject to pressure to supplement traditional service output measures with evidence-based measures, which capture outcomes for service users. In this article, we report on the near decade long establishment of a range of standardised measures within an Irish non-governmental agency providing therapeutic help to children and families across two settings, family centres and early childhood development services. We describe the organisational conditions necessary for the introduction of standardised outcome measures and provide an illustrative overview of participant characteristics and some examples of key findings across both services as they relate to the important outcome domains of child and parent functioning. We further propose a model for the introduction and sustainability of outcome measures as a necessary and enduring feature of therapeutically orientated organisations providing services to children and families. Lastly, we identify organisational commitment to the development of outcome data, plans to ensure sustainable arrangements for ongoing data analysis, and conceptual linkage between evidence informed practice and the values of an organisation as key considerations.

The Integral Index of Business Activity: Methods of Constructing

The article deals with the formation and use of the business activity index for the analysis, forecasting and regulation of the development of the Russian economy. The possibilities of forming the Business Activity Index of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences by basic spheres of the economy (Index of the Institute of Economics RAS) are analyzed and its advantages are substantiated in comparison with the Index of Output of Goods and Services by the basic types of economic activities of Rosstat (Rosstat Index). The analysis of the dynamics of the IE RAS Index and the Rosstat Index after the socio-economic crisis of 2014–2015 until the second half of 2021, including the period of the coronavirus pandemic, has been carried out. A list of macroeconomic indicators characterizing the level of business activity in the spheres of the national economy included in the IE RAS Index is presented. Analysis and comparison of the dynamics of the IE RAS and Rosstat indices showed that the main advantages of the IE RAS Index lie in a more accurate determination of the timing of the onset and overcoming of crisis processes, as well as the depth of their impact on socio-economic development. Particular attention is paid to the analysis and comparison of the dynamics of business activity in the post-crisis and pandemic periods. It was found that the maximum drop in business activity, caused largely by restrictive measures in connection with the coronavirus pandemic, was observed in 2020. It is noted that the maximum growth in business activity for the period under review fell on the first half of 2021. This growth is confirmed by the dynamics of business activity indices according to the methodology of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Rosstat. The paper concludes that the IE RAS Index provides a more accurate integral assessment of the macroeconomic dynamics of business activity; it is proposed to widely use it in state accounting and management, forecasting and strategic planning.

Measuring preferences for energy efficiency in ACI and EU nations and uncovering their impacts on energy conservation

Energy efficiency, commonly interpreted as the ratio of output of performance, service, goods or energy, to input of energy, is of critical importance for reducing dependence on oil, controlling greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and mitigating environmental damages in order to achieve a sustainable global energy system. In this paper, for the first time to the best of our understanding, we measure the (hidden) preferences for energy efficiency and capture their impacts on energy conservation in a panel of ASEAN countries, China and India (in short, the ACI nations) from 1985 to 2020. We apply the state-space models to estimate country-specific preferences for energy efficiency as a latent variable and then explore their impacts on the demand for renewable energy using an efficient generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator for the panel of chosen countries. We find strong evidence that intensities of preferences for energy efficiency increase the demand for renewable energy in ACI nations. In an extension of our study, we replicate our analysis for leading European Union (EU) nations using clean energy to arrive at interesting comparative insights. We gain further insights into the understanding of how structural breaks can influence the impacts of preferences for energy efficiency on the demand for renewables for ACI nations.

온라인 유통 생태계 프레임워크 개발과 적용방안*

In the current online distribution industry, there are various channel members, and they perform complex channel functions. However, existing researches on online distribution channels show limited understanding of current channel functions due to the general theory of channel function theories established in the era of offline traditional distribution channels. Furthermore, the online channels are simply treated as adding another type of channel to the exiting traditional channel systems. In the results, previous studies represent the distribution structure as too simple to analyze the actual reality of hybrid channels. In addition, the previous studies adopted only the general types of channel members such as manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers following the traditional study of Vaile, Greater and Cox(1952). This perspective on the members hurdles the appropriate analysis of the new types of channel members in the new online environment. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present seven modified channel functions that have been extended from traditional channel functions to enhance understanding of online distribution channel system, and to present the online distribution channel eco-system framework which schematizes the structure and the functions of online distribution channels members. To achieve the purpose of the research, this study used the qualitative research methodology which examined wide range of literature reviews on online channel systems and conducted several in-depth interviews, focus group interviews. First, this study identify the changes in the online consumer behaviors. The expanded channel functions are presented by deriving changes in consumer service output demand(SOD) through changes in consumers

Media Edukasi Berbasis Web Sebagai Upaya Pendukung Pendidikan Karakter Berdasar nilai Kearifan Lokal Pada Pusat Pengembangan Anak Light Generation

PPA Light Generation is one of the Compassion Foundations under the Pentecostal Church in Indonesia Hagios Family Yogyakarta which helps children with poor backgrounds. There are approximately 200 children from various Tribes, Religions, Races, and Intergroups from the age of 1 to 22 years who are sheltered by PPA Light Generation. The form of learning activities focuses on the formation of character and personality in children who are guided by noble values. In addition, the skills and talents of each fostered child are also considered. Coaching involves fostered children and mentors which is carried out regularly every week in the church. However, since the Covid-19 pandemic, physical meetings and material sharing cannot be carried out. The service output is "Edugen" learning management system that can be used by mentors and fostered children. The aim is to facilitate the learning process both in terms of delivering material and communication between mentors and fostered children and to support access to the dissemination of local wisdom values in PPA Light Generation so that by strengthening the value of local wisdom the fostered children can fortify themselves from negative influences. The method used is in the form of socialization, training and assistance in technology, which is carried out online and offline by complying with health protocols. The training and assistance provided is in the form of materials on how to use the Edugen website for mentors and fostered children. The implementation of the activity was successful with an average score of more than 70%.

Government data governance framework based on a data middle platform

PurposeThe present paper constructed a new framework for government data governance based on the concept of a data middle platform to elicit the detailed requirements and functionalities of a government data governance framework.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a three-cycle activity, the design science research (DSR) paradigm was used to develop design propositions. The design propositions are obtained based on a systematic literature review of government data governance and data governance frameworks. Cases and experts further assessed the effectiveness of the implementation of the artifacts.FindingsThe study developed an effective framework for government data governance that supported the digital service needs of the government. The results demonstrated the advantages of the framework in adapting to organizational operations and data, realized the value of data assets, improved data auditing and oversight and facilitated communication. From the collection of data to the output of government services, the framework adapted to the new characteristics of digital government.Originality/valueKnowledge of the “data middle platforms” generated in this study provides new knowledge to the design of government data governance frameworks and helps translate design propositions into concrete capabilities. By reviewing earlier literature, the article identified the core needs and challenges of government data governance to help practitioners approach government data governance in a structured manner.

Pendampingan Manajemen Dan Administrasi Keuangan Pada Koperasi Wanita Arwana Kota Bengkulu

The Women's Cooperative "Arwana" which is a legal entity No.: 99/BH/DK PPKM/KEP/IX.4/2008 is a savings and loan cooperative having its address at Jl. Wren Rt. 17/Rw.06 Cempaka Permai Village, Gading Cempaka District, Bengkulu City. This cooperative was established by notarial deed SK. Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number: C-226.HT.03.01. July 5, 2006 and started operating in 2008. In 2019 this cooperative began to turn into a sharia-based cooperative. This community service activity aims to provide understanding assistance to administrators and members in terms of management as an effort towards better management from conventional to Sharia. So it is hoped that later the management and members of the cooperative in carrying out their duties and responsibilities in accordance with the principles and rules of management can become a financing system in accordance with the sharia concept. This community service is carried out with lectures on the principles of cooperative management. The output of this community service activity is that the management and members of the cooperative, especially in the savings and loan business, are able to know and understand and implement financing business activities with a management system according to SAK ETAP as a step towards developing a financing business that is still using the conventional system to be more ready to use the system. Sharia. The output of this community service is in the form of a scientific journal that will be published.

Territorial efficiency of social spending in Spain

PurposeRegional disparities in social risk levels threaten social cohesion in Spain, which cannot be justified by the territorial differences in social spending per capita. These divergences may encourage and spread nationalist positions and populist discourses. The objective of this paper is to examine the efficiency of social policies (health, education and social protection) aimed at reducing the risk of exclusion across Spanish autonomous communities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare each autonomous community. The analysis will determine whether the autonomies' resources (inputs or social spending in this case) are appropriately translated into goods and/or services (outputs or social cohesion), and which regions are more efficient in doing so.FindingsThis work contributes to sustaining DEA analysis in the study of social policy efficiency, as it reveals the regions that have better adjustments between social investment and social results from a global perspective, as well as from the different intervention areas. The authors also provide a ranking of regions based on their relative efficiency, estimating a possible margin of improvement in the results.Originality/valueIt is unusual to include the disaggregated analysis of social spending in efficiency studies using DEA at regional level. Therefore, this is an innovative analysis compared to most extended models that are mainly concerned with health or education expenditure, which are also considered in this study.