Norm Of Output Research Articles

СТАБИЛИЗАЦИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЯ КВАДРОКОПТЕРА ВДОЛЬ ЗАДАННОЙ ТРАЕКТОРИИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ СУБОПТИМАЛЬНОГО ЗАКОНА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ С -КРИТЕРИЕМ

The aim of the study is to construct a suboptimal controller with the -criterion that stabilizesthe deviation of the dynamic system from the given program trajectory. It is assumed that an impulsedisturbance will be applied to one input of the system, and an -disturbance to the second one.The -norm is equal to the maximum value of the -output norm for all - and impulse disturbancesvectors for which the sum of the quadratic form of the impulse disturbance vector with a givenweight matrix and the squared -norm of the second disturbance never greater than one. In this paper,it is required to demonstrate the process of calculating the -norm in terms of linear matrix inequalitiesfor a dynamical system and a system with uncertainty. An important role in the process ofcombining the -norm and the -norm in the -norm is played by the weight matrix includedin the definition of this norm. It should be noted that, unlike the -norm, the -norm is achievedin the sense of the worst - and impulse disturbances, where the maximum value of the -output normis reached. It is necessary to obtain and linearize the mathematical model of the quadcopter, build aprogrammed trajectory, and stabilize the deviations using a suboptimal control law with the -criterion in the presence of noise in the system. Linear matrix inequalities are used for suboptimal controlsearching. The object of this study is a quadcopter, which is an unmanned aerial vehicle with fourengines with propellers that create thrust. The axes of the propellers and the angles of the blades arefixed and only the speed of rotation is regulated, which greatly simplifies the design. Using the Newton-Euler equation, a nonlinear mathematical model of a quadcopter is obtained, and this model is linearized.In the MATLAB environment, using the applied package for modeling and optimization YALMIP,Sedumi toolbox, numerical modeling, and construction of quadcopter motion trajectories are performed.After that, in the Simulink environment, a control block that stabilizes the movement of thequadcopter along a given trajectory in the presence of - and impulse disturbances in the system isconstructed. At the end, a demonstration of the process of virtual visualization of the flight is made.

Additivity violation of quantum channels via strong convergence to semi-circular and circular elements

Additivity violation of minimum output entropy, which shows non-classical properties in quantum communication, had been proved in most cases for random quantum channels defined by Haar-distributed unitary matrices. In this paper, we investigate random completely positive maps made of Gaussian Unitary Ensembles and Ginibre Ensembles regarding this matter. Using semi-circular systems and circular systems of free probability, we not only show the multiplicativity violation of maximum output norms in the asymptotic regimes but also prove the additivity violation via Haagerup inequality for a new class of random quantum channels constructed by rectifying the above completely positive maps based on strong convergence.

Калмыки-военнослужащие Красной армии в Широклаге: статистическое исследование

Introduction. The article deals with Kalmyk soldiers and non-commissioned officers deported to Shirokovsky Forced Labor Camp (Shiroklag) of the Soviet NKVD in 1944–1945. In the aftermath of the unjust abolition of the Kalmyk ASSR and Siberian deportation of its titular ethnos, over two-thirds of surviving Red Army soldiers and sergeants of Kalmyk descent were sent to Shiroklag where they formed two non-Russian construction battalions henceforth referred to as ‘labor army men’. Hard work without any essential mechanic means or labor saving devices, harsh climate, backbreaking output norms, and meagre meals resulted in mass exhaustion of Kalmyk soldiers, high disease and death rates. Goals. The paper presents a statistical analysis on Kalmyk inmates of Shiroklag. Materials. The compiled database utilizes the annotated list of Shiroklag prisoners published under the title ‘Shiroklag. Shirokstroy’ in 2000. The data are analyzed by categories, such as nationality, place (district) of birth, place of conscription (draft board), year of birth, educational level, party membership, diseases that caused death or disability, battle honors, time of arrival in Shiroklag, time and areas of decommissioning (for survivors). Results. The analysis reveals the reference book mentions representatives of other nationalities and contains some mistakes, leaving aside names of some Shiroklag ex-prisoners. However, the annotated list is a bulk of statistical data on the mentioned categories that makes whatsoever analysis possible and helps compile a collective portrait of Shiroklag-based Kalmyks which — being essentially extensive — may be actually instrumental in outlining features of Kalmyk combat veterans during the third stage of the Great Patriotic War.

Облік виробничих витрат на хлібопекарських підприємствах України

З'ясовано зміст поняття витрати. Розглянуто особливості нормативного методу обліку витрат на хлібопекарських підприємствах, визначено його основні завдання. Встановлено, які складові входять до витрат на виробництво хлібопекарської продукції. Досліджено особливості обліку виробничих витрат на хлібопекарських підприємствах України. Визначено проблеми обліку змінних і постійних загальновиробничих витрат та запропоновано шлях їх вирішення. Запропоновано вдосконалити нормативну базу шляхом покращення класифікації загальновиробничих витрат, деталізувати план рахунків бухгалтерського обліку з конкретизацією статей загальновиробничих витрат. Обґрунтовано значення рецептур у розрахунку собівартості виготовленої продукції. Встановлено основні технологічні особливості виробництва хлібобулочних виробів та розглянуто їх вплив на облік виробничих витрат. Розглянуто особливості технологічних витрат під час виготовлення хлібобулочних виробів, технологічних витрат на складах і комунікаціях. З'ясовано, що нормування витрат виходу хліба використовують для встановлення порядку у витраті основної сировини хлібопекарського виробництва. Наведено основні показники, які використовують у розрахунку норми виходу хліба. Обґрунтовано закономірності розрахунку планової витрати борошна. Виокремлено найпоширеніші бухгалтерські проведення, пов'язані з виробництвом продукції на хлібопекарських підприємствах.

Increasing economic efficiency of flour production from grain of the main cereal crops by extrusion method

The paper deals with the issues of improving the economic efficiency of grain processing enterprises through the introduction of the developed technologies of extrusion and flour production from extruded grains of the main cereal crops. The comparison of the output norms in the processing of grain from the main cereal crops on the existing and developed technologies was carried out. The calculations of the flour production efficiency showed that the processing of wheat will increase the volume of marketable products by 10.0 %, barley – by 14.8 %, oat – by 22.3 %, in this regard, the profitability of production of new high-yield types of flour will increase: wheat by 15 %, barley – by 29.3 %, oat – by 45.6%. Crops have a higher economic effect in the production of extruded flour due to the low cost of raw materials and a decrease in technological waste.

Input–output finite-time stabilisation of Markovian jump systems with incomplete transition rates: a sliding mode method

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the input–output finite-time stabilisation (IO-FTS) problem for a class of Markovian jump systems is investigated, in which some elements in the transition rate matrix are partially known and an explicit output constraint condition is required, i.e. the system output (weighted) norm does not exceed an assigned threshold β. An extended definition of IO-FTS is firstly given to reduce the conservativeness arising from zero initial condition . A parameter-dependent sliding mode control strategy is proposed to eliminate the effect of partially known transition rates such that state trajectories are driven to the specified sliding surface during a given finite (possibly short) time interval. Besides, the sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the IO-FTS of the closed-loop systems over the finite-time interval including the reaching phase and the sliding motion phase. Finally, a simulation example illustrates the validity of the proposed method.

An Adaptive Complementary Kalman Filter Using Fuzzy Logic for a Hybrid Head Tracker System

In this paper, a sensor fusion algorithm that integrates gyroscope and vision measurements using an adaptive complementary Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the attitude of a hybrid head tracker system. In order to make the filter more tolerant to vision measurement fault and more robust to system dynamics, an adaptive fading filter is implemented to the sensor fusion filter, and fuzzy logic is applied to adjust the fading factor, which adapts a Kalman gain of the sensor fusion filter. For recognizing the dynamic condition of the system and vision measurement fault, the normalized square error of attitude and the norm of gyroscope output with designed membership functions are used. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulations. It is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the conventional algorithms in high-dynamic conditions and vision measurement fault case.

Technical efficiency of carp polyculture production in Jiangsu, China: a ray stochastic frontier production approach

This study aims to examine the technical efficiency of crucian carp polyculture systems in Jiangsu province, China, applying stochastic frontier analysis. Prior aquaculture polyculture studies using this method neglected the multi-output nature of polyculture and aggregated all of the outputs into a single index. In this paper, we use a ray production function and adopt it in the stochastic front-ier framework. Production functions defined as Cobb–Douglas and Translog specifications are both employed to compare cross-sectional data collected for 144 farmers in 2012. The results reveal that the Translog specification captures the production behaviour and that there is an evident technical inefficiency in the polyculture setting. The mean technical efficiency is 79%. The farms that applied the new polyculture system demonstrate significantly greater efficiency on average than farms that applied the traditional polycult-ure system. The output elasticity with respect to the polar coordinate angle θ1 is calculated to be 0.17. This represents a 0.17% increase in the output norm with a 1% increase in the output mix with fixed proportions between crucian carp and filter-feeding fish. The output elasticity with respect to the polar coordinate angle θ2 is −0.26. This represents a 0.26% decrease in the output norm due to a 1% increase in the output mix with the level of grass carp held constant. Hence, decision makers should be informed that the adopting of new species to the traditio-nal system may be an effective way to unlock the productive potential of pond aquaculture in Jiangsu province.

Dissipation inequalities for the analysis of a class of PDEs

In this paper, we develop dissipation inequalities for a class of well-posed systems described by partial differential equations (PDEs). We study passivity, reachability, induced input–output norm boundedness, and input-to-state stability (ISS). We consider both cases of in-domain and boundary inputs and outputs. We study the interconnection of PDE–PDE systems and formulate small gain conditions for stability. For PDEs polynomial in dependent and independent variables, we demonstrate that sum-of-squares (SOS) programming can be used to compute certificates for each property. Therefore, the solution to the proposed dissipation inequalities can be obtained via semi-definite programming. The results are illustrated with examples.

TRANSPARENCY IN PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS: NOT SO BAD AFTER ALL?

Scholars' criticism of transparency in public–private partnerships (PPPs) often focuses on ‘external’ transparency, that is, the extent to which internal information is visible to the outside world. However, to achieve external transparency,internaltransparency – the availability and inferability of information for the public procurer and the private party – is crucial. In this article we analyse input, process, and output transparency from three different perspectives (institutional, cognitive, and strategic) in fourPPPsin the Netherlands. We conclude that input transparency is high, but process and output transparency less so. Moreover, output transparency has gained importance inPPPs. Whether this is problematic depends on thePPPs' institutional environment. In some partnerships the desired output is uncontested and predetermined by clear standards in the institutional environment, whereas otherPPPsdeal with contested output norms, decreasing the partnerships' transparency. These results nuance the current debate on the lack of transparency inPPPs.

Finite-Time Output Energy Measure for Polynomial Systems With Applications in Observability Analysis

This paper presents a set-based output energy measure for constrained polynomial systems with parameter uncertainties. Output energy is measured in terms of the L2-norm on a finite-time interval while the initial conditions and parameters are allowed to take values from a set. By specifying a bound on the output norm, the measure allows further to determine the set of initial conditions and parameters which lead to satisfaction of this bound. Furthermore, this set characterizes whether an uncertain system can be estimated by a norm-observer and, therefore, can be applied for observability analysis. The derivation of the set is based on recasting a nonlinear program with embedded differential equations into an infinite-dimensional linear program. This is achieved by reformulating the system dynamics in terms of occupation measures. The chosen relaxation approach of the linear program generically guarantees that the obtained outer-approximation converges, for increasing relaxation order, to the true set of initial conditions and parameters satisfying the specified bound on the output norm.

Switched periodic systems in discrete time: stability and input–output norms

This paper deals with the analysis of stability and the characterisation of input–output norms for discrete-time periodic switched linear systems. Such systems consist of a network of time-periodic linear subsystems sharing the same state vector and an exogenous switching signal that triggers the jumps between the subsystems. The overall system exhibits a complex dynamic behaviour due to the interplay between the time periodicity of the subsystem parameters and the switching signal. Both arbitrary switching signals and signals satisfying a dwell-time constraint are considered. Linear matrix inequality conditions for stability and guaranteed H2 and H∞ performances are provided. The results heavily rely on the merge of the theory of linear periodic systems and recent developments on switched linear time-invariant systems.

Robust Minimum $\ell_{1}$-Norm Adaptive Beamformer Against Intermittent Sensor Failure and Steering Vector Error

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A robust adaptive beamformer is described to mitigate against steering vector error and intermittent sensor(s) failure which exists in the form of impulsive noise in the received signal of failed sensor(s). This new beamformer iteratively minimizes the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{1}$</tex> </formula>-norm of the beamformer's output, subject to a prespecified set of quadratic constraints which target on attenuating the influence caused by steering vector error. To solve the proposed optimization problem, gradient descent algorithm is adopted. The choice of the Lagrange multiplier <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\lambda$</tex></formula> as well as the adaptive step-size <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu(k)$</tex> </formula> are derived in detail. Simulation results verify validity and advantages of the proposed algorithms over some existing methods. </para>

Identity, Supervision, and Work Groups

“I want to tell my foreman to f*** off, but I can’t.” So says “Mike,” a steel handler we meet in Stud Terkel’s book Working (1974, xxxv). Many workers’ stories we read in Working and in ethnographies suggest workers greatly resent supervision. As a result, they exert lower effort and may sabotage production. Mike puts dents in the steel. Ethnographies also reveal workers who are not strictly monitored develop work group output norms. This paper uses the con cept of identity to study trade-offs in supervi sory policy. 1 We follow the social psychology literature and examine intrinsic incentives that depend on how workers see themselves in rela tion to the firm. When a supervisor monitors workers, workers adopt an identity in opposition to the firm. The firm gains information and can fine-tune its incentive pay. But resentful workers require high compensation to work in the firm’s interest. With no monitoring, workers are less hostile to the firm. But they may forge a work group identity, with norms that restrict output. We show that a firm may find it profitable to have lax supervision. When workers take on a work group identity, the cost per unit of effort can be lower than when workers view them selves in opposition to the firm. We shall present the model, and then discuss some classic studies of workplaces that portray these trade-offs. Our identity framework synthesizes an emerg ing body of economic theory and empirics on incentives and monitoring (e.g., Bruno Frey 1993; Gary Charness 2000; Daniel S. Nagin et al. 2002; Michael T. Rauh and Giulio Seccia 1 This paper provides a simple formal model of tradeoffs described loosely in Akerlof and Kranton (2005). We also discuss further implications of supervision versus work group cohesion.

Averaging and stability of time-varying discrete-time linear systems

Stability results for time-varying systems with output averaged using the norm are established. The discrete-time linear system is considered under a bound on time-average on the mean-value of the output norm. It is shown that under controllability, observability and a uniform bound on the matrix norm, the time-varying system is asymptotically and uniformly stable. If, in addition, the solution of the autonomous part of the system state is almost periodic, then under an additional limiting condition the system is uniformly asymptotically stable.

Certified real‐time solution of the parametrized steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations: rigorous reduced‐basis a posteriori error bounds

AbstractWe present a technique for the evaluation of linear‐functional outputs of parametrized elliptic partial differential equations in the context of deployed (in service) systems. Deployed systems require real‐time and certified output prediction in support of immediate and safe (feasible) action. The two essential components of our approach are (i) rapidly, uniformly convergent reduced‐basis approximations, and (ii) associated rigorous and sharp a posteriori error bounds; in both components we exploit affine parametric structure and offline–online computational decompositions to provide real‐time deployed response. In this paper we extend our methodology to the parametrized steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations.We invoke the Brezzi–Rappaz–Raviart theory for analysis of variational approximations of non‐linear partial differential equations to construct rigorous, quantitative, sharp, inexpensive a posteriori error estimators. The crucial new contribution is offline–online computational procedures for calculation of (a) the dual norm of the requisite residuals, (b) an upper bound for the ‘L4(Ω)‐H1(Ω)’ Sobolev embedding continuity constant, (c) a lower bound for the Babuška inf–sup stability ‘constant,’ and (d) the adjoint contributions associated with the output. Numerical results for natural convection in a cavity confirm the rapid convergence of the reduced‐basis approximation, the good effectivity of the associated a posteriori error bounds in the energy and output norms, and the rapid deployed response. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Massovye besporiadki v SSSR pri Khrushcheve i Brezhneve (1953-nachalo 1980-kh gg.), and: Bloody Saturday in the Soviet Union: Novocherkassk, 1962 (review)

On the morning of 1 June 1962, foundry workers at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Works (NEVZ), which employed 13,000 people, began a strike that soon spread to most of the industrial enterprises of this southern provincial town of 130,000. The labor protest was set off by the Soviet government's announcement of a 25-30 per cent increase in the price of meat, meat products, and butter. The workers were also angered by recent piece-rate reductions and increases in output norms, a centrally mandated policy that had significantly cut their wages. Food shortages, a chronic housing crisis, poor work conditions, as well as Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev's renewed and more forceful denunciation of Stalin at the 22nd Party Congress in October 1961, are all part of the larger background to this conflict.

Working through laboratory/industry linkages: creating an enabling mechanism in CSIR India

India's research base rests on its more than 260 universities and about 2500 recognized research and development (r&d) laboratories. Most of them, representing diverse science disciplines have linkages, both formal and informal with academia and industry. These linkages, established primarily because of increasing global competition, burgeoning research costs and rapid technological changes, have helped in synergisation of intellectual efforts, sharing of r&d results, pooling of resources, and availability of trained manpower. This case study details institutionalization of one such cooperative effort in which a laboratory of India's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in a multilateral linkage with industrial units and government agencies has embarked upon a programme which integrates the technology upgradation and management needs of a cluster of small enterprises. Initiated under the Government of India's Upgradation of Technology (UPTECH) scheme this cooperative effort involving four major agencies, with one of them being the nodal one, is to be implemented in three phases over a two year period. It has well set goals and agreed output norms. The programme, which started six months ago, has already given results which do generate hope for the success of this large multilateral linkage programme. It also heralds a promise for hundreds of small industrial enterprises, which need to modernize in terms of process upgradation, environmental friendliness and reaching out to global markets by following cluster and participative management approaches.

Design of the l1-suboptimal Robust Controller for the Linear Object with Nonstructured Uncertainty

Design of the i>l1-suboptimal robust controller for the linear discrete scalar object with constrained external perturbation and nonstructured operator perturbation in input and control was considered. The worst value of the i>l∞-norm of object output in the class of admissible perturbations was regarded as the performance index of the control system. The problem of designing the optimal robust controller was interpreted in the geometric terms, and an algorithm to design the suboptimal controller was proposed. A numerical example was used to demonstrate effciency of the algorithm, the ways to improving it, and the differences between the suboptimal robust controllers with structured and nonstructured operator perturbations.

Necessary Conditions for Robust Stability of a Class of Nonlinear Systems

Input–output stability results for feedback systems are developed. Robust stability conditions are presented for nonlinear systems with nonlinear uncertainty defined by some function (with argument equal to the norm of the input) that bounds its output norm. A sufficient small gain theorem for a class of these systems is known. Here, necessary conditions are presented for the vector space ( l ∞, ∥ · ∥ ∞) . These results capture the conservatism of the small gain theorem as it is applied to systems that do not have linear gain. The theory is also developed for the case of l 2 signal norms, indicating some difficulties which make this case less natural than l ∞ .