Output Interface Research Articles

Negative refractions by triangular lattice sonic crystals in partial band gaps**Project supported by the Inonu Universty Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Grant Nos. 2012/29 and 2013/56).

This study numerically demonstrates the effects of partial band gaps on the negative refraction properties of sonic crystal. The partial band gap appearing at the second band edge leads to the efficient transmissions of scattered wave envelopes in the transverse directions inside triangular lattice sonic crystal, and therefore enhances the refraction property of sonic crystal. Numerical simulation results indicate a diagonal guidance of coupled scattered wave envelopes inside crystal structure at the partial band gap frequencies and then output waves are restored in the vicinity of the output interface of sonic crystal by combining phase coherent scattered waves according to Huygens’ principles. This mechanism leads to two operations for wavefront engineering: one is spatial wavefront shifting operation and the other is convex–concave wavefront inversion operation. The effects of this mechanism on the negative refraction and wave focalization are investigated by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of negative refraction and wave focusing mechanisms at the band edge frequencies, and shows the applications of the slab corner beam splitting and SC-air multilayer acoustic system.

Light-emitting textile display with floats for electronics covering

Purpose – Flexible light-emitting textile display is designed with floats for electronic elements covering and electronic contacts insulation what at the same time provides an opportunity to develop aesthetic design of the display in the single piece construction of material. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Display consists of interwoven electrically conductive yarns, non-conductive yarns and SMD LEDs connected to conductive yarns. Industrial jacquard weaving machine have been used, weave patterns were designed in PC-Edit software. Findings – Weave can be used as a tool to build and evolve electrotextile. Exploring weaving techniques and perceiving electronic circuit as a weave pattern, new approaches can be developed in electrotextile design field. Research limitations/implications – Connections of electronic elements and conductive textile materials still is actual problem what should be explored in further research. Practical implications – Flexible light emitting textile display can be used as output interface integrated into communication clothing by representing different animated images directly on clothing. Display also can be used for accessories, room and auto interior etc. applications. Originality/value – Paper describes method of light source integration directly into textile structure, combining functional and visual design of textile display.

Research on the Secondary Interface of Electronic Transformers in Smart Substation

According to the requirements of smart substation metering system, a digital interface based on IEC 61850 specification is given, then the functional model of the merging unit is discussed. Meanwhile, according to the actual situation, the author proposes an analog output interface, in order to fit with traditional substation secondary equipment. Then the solution based on TMS320F28335 digital control platform is described, for which the voltage control module of the software and hardware circuits are discussed in detail. The experimental data shows that the proposed merging unit and analog voltage output interface can meet the accuracy standard of electronic transformer in the smart substation.

Portable infrared spectral radiance measurement apparatus based on PbSe detectors

A portable infrared spectral radiance measurement apparatus without the cooling based on PbSe detectors is designed to measure the spectral radiance of the object in the wavelength range from 2.1 to 4.1 µm. Cores Luxell 256 module is applied which integrates 256 pixel line array PbSe detectors, amplifiers, analog-to-digital convertors, and Universal Serial Bus output interface. Electric aperture is applied to eliminate the effect of temperature drift. Wavelength and response function of the apparatus is calibrated with the blackbody. Results show that the wavelength resolution is 10 nm. The relative error of measured spectral radiance is below 2.3%.

"Off-Spotter": very fast and exhaustive enumeration of genomic lookalikes for designing CRISPR/Cas guide RNAs.

BackgroundCRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated nucleases) is a powerful component of the prokaryotic immune system that has been adapted for targeted genetic engineering in higher organisms. A key element of CRISPR/Cas is the “guide” RNA (gRNA) that is ~20 nucleotides (nts) in length and designed to be complementary to the intended target site. An integral requirement of the CRISPR/Cas system is that the target site be followed by a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). Care needs to be exercised during gRNA design to avoid unintended (“off-target”) interactions.ResultsWe designed and implemented the Off-Spotter algorithm to assist with the design of optimal gRNAs. When presented with a candidate gRNA sequence and a PAM, Off-Spotter quickly and exhaustively identifies all genomic sites that satisfy the PAM constraint and are identical or nearly-identical to the provided gRNA. Off-Spotter achieves its extreme performance through purely algorithmic means and not through hardware accelerators such as graphical processing units (GPUs). Off-Spotter also allows the user to identify on-the-fly how many and which nucleotides of the gRNA comprise the “seed”. Off-Spotter’s output includes a histogram showing the number of potential off-targets as a function of the number of mismatches. The output also includes for each potential off-target the site’s genomic location, a human genome browser hyperlink to the corresponding location, genomic annotation in the vicinity of the off-target, GC content, etc.ConclusionOff-Spotter is very fast and flexible and can help in the design of optimal gRNAs by providing several PAM choices, a run-time definition of the seed and of the allowed number of mismatches, and a flexible output interface that allows sorting of the results, optional viewing/hiding of columns, etc. A key element of Off-Spotter is that it does not have a rigid definition of the seed: instead, the user can declare both the seed’s location and extent on-the-fly. We expect that this flexibility in combination with Off-Spotter’s speed and richly annotated output will enable experimenters to interactively and quickly explore different scenarios and gRNA possibilities.ReviewedThis article was reviewed by Dr Eugene Koonin and Dr Frank Eisenhaber.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-015-0035-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A Precision Resistance Generator for the Calibration of RTD-Based Temperature Instruments

A new calibration method for RTD-based temperature instrument is introduced. The precision resistance is generated using digital-controlled relays to switch a precision resistance network which is similar to the resistance box. We also present a new switch algorithm to reduce the influence of initial error of the precision resistors. The resistance of the precision resistance generator varies from 80.00ohms to 260.00ohms with a 4-wire output interface. It is convenient that using this precision resistance generator to test the nonlinear of temperature transmitters based on Pt100. Our test shows that the generator can provide a precision resistance with an uncertainty of less than ±0.02ohms.

A Low Noise CMOS Digital Output Interface Circuit

A digital CMOS output interface circuit is proposed, which lowers down the peak and lengthen the duration of the pulse of current supplied by the power supply to reduce the SSN (simultaneously-switching noise) effects. The simulation shows that the maximal SSN voltage of the proposed circuit is 331.5mV compared to 662.4mV of the traditional one.

Perfect dual-band circular polarizer based on twisted split-ring structure asymmetric chiral metamaterial.

A near-perfect dual-band circular polarizer based on bilayer twisted, single split-ring resonator structure asymmetric chiral metamaterial was proposed and investigated. The simple bilayer structure with a 90° twisted angle allows for equalizing the orthogonal components of the electric field at the output interface with a 90° phase difference for a y-polarized wave propagating along the backward (-z) direction. It is found that right- and left-hand circular polarization are realized in transmissions at 7.8 and 10.1GHz, respectively. Experiments agree well with numerical simulations, which exhibit that the polarization extinction ratio is more than 30dB at the resonant frequencies. Further, the simple design also can be operated at the terahertz range by scaling down the geometrical parameters of the unit cell.

MiRPlant: an integrated tool for identification of plant miRNA from RNA sequencing data.

BackgroundSmall RNA sequencing is commonly used to identify novel miRNAs and to determine their expression levels in plants. There are several miRNA identification tools for animals such as miRDeep, miRDeep2 and miRDeep*. miRDeep-P was developed to identify plant miRNA using miRDeep’s probabilistic model of miRNA biogenesis, but it depends on several third party tools and lacks a user-friendly interface. The objective of our miRPlant program is to predict novel plant miRNA, while providing a user-friendly interface with improved accuracy of prediction.ResultWe have developed a user-friendly plant miRNA prediction tool called miRPlant. We show using 16 plant miRNA datasets from four different plant species that miRPlant has at least a 10% improvement in accuracy compared to miRDeep-P, which is the most popular plant miRNA prediction tool. Furthermore, miRPlant uses a Graphical User Interface for data input and output, and identified miRNA are shown with all RNAseq reads in a hairpin diagram.ConclusionsWe have developed miRPlant which extends miRDeep* to various plant species by adopting suitable strategies to identify hairpin excision regions and hairpin structure filtering for plants. miRPlant does not require any third party tools such as mapping or RNA secondary structure prediction tools. miRPlant is also the first plant miRNA prediction tool that dynamically plots miRNA hairpin structure with small reads for identified novel miRNAs. This feature will enable biologists to visualize novel pre-miRNA structure and the location of small RNA reads relative to the hairpin. Moreover, miRPlant can be easily used by biologists with limited bioinformatics skills.miRPlant and its manual are freely available at http://www.australianprostatecentre.org/research/software/mirplant or http://sourceforge.net/projects/mirplant/.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-275) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transient Responses in Continuous Co-Phase Traction Power Supply System

Continuous co-phase traction power supply system is the major change of the traction power supply. It is important to analyze the transient response characteristics of overhead contact line for the traction substation feeder protection. This article introduces the main structure of continuous co-phase traction power supply system and the control strategy of traction substation. Meanwhile, transient responses of overhead contact line in the earth short circuit are studied, including metallic earth short circuit and non-metallic earth short circuit (high resistance ground). In the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation environment, the effects on the system and the recovery process are studied which the fault occurred in the output interface of traction substation and occurred in overhead contact line.

Light extraction in planar light-emitting diode with nonuniform current injection: model and simulation.

We develop an analytical and numerical model for performing simulation of light extraction through the planar output interface of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with nonuniform current injection. Spatial nonuniformity of injected current is a peculiar feature of the LEDs in which top metal electrode is patterned as a mesh in order to enhance the output power of light extracted through the top surface. Basic features of the model are the bi-plane computation domain, related to other areas of numerical grid (NG) cells in these two planes, representation of light-generating layer by an ensemble of point light sources, numerical "collection" of light photons from the area limited by acceptance circle and adjustment of NG-cell areas in the computation procedure by the angle-tuned aperture function. The developed model and procedure are used to simulate spatial distributions of the output optical power as well as the total output power at different mesh pitches. The proposed model and simulation strategy can be very efficient in evaluation of the output optical performance of LEDs with periodical or symmetrical configuration of the electrodes.

Detection and Control of I/O Interface by Calling DLL in VB

This paper details the realization of the detection and control of the equipment interface using visual basic (VB) and C++ mixed programming. It discusses the attention problems and programming method of making dynamic link library and the VB called dynamic link library, and an example is presented to detect and control the device interface, using VB to call the dynamic link library can realize the detection and control of the bottom interface, it solved the problem that VB language cannot realize the detection and control of input and output interface. This method has universal significance for the design of control system.

Analytical model of quality of service scheduling for optical aggregation in data centers

Optical switching technologies represent a promising solution for data center interconnection networks to support the increasing bandwidth requirements of current cloud-based applications, while reducing interconnection complexity and energy consumption. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of intra- and inter-data center traffic characteristics requires some form of quality of service management. This paper describes modeling and design aspects of data center optical interconnections with particular emphasis on the aggregation level, where hybrid switching and packet scheduling are jointly applied to effectively implement service differentiation. Priority scheduling of three different service profiles is applied to maximize intra- and inter-data center traffic throughput, while guaranteeing time transparency for delay-sensitive services and zero loss/fixed delay for guaranteed connections. An analytical model is defined and validated to assess loss of real time and throughput of best effort traffic, in asynchronous packet context, when considering best effort traffic saturating the channels of the optical link. The model can also be used to dimension the optical output interface of the aggregation level switch.

FeynRules 2.0 — A complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology

FeynRules is a Mathematica-based package which addresses the implementation of particle physics models, which are given in the form of a list of fields, parameters and a Lagrangian, into high-energy physics tools. It calculates the underlying Feynman rules and outputs them to a form appropriate for various programs such as CalcHep, FeynArts, MadGraph, Sherpa and Whizard. Since the original version, many new features have been added: support for two-component fermions, spin-3/2 and spin-2 fields, superspace notation and calculations, automatic mass diagonalization, completely general FeynArts output, a new universal FeynRules output interface, a new Whizard interface, automatic 1→2 decay width calculation, improved speed and efficiency, new guidelines for validation and a new web-based validation package. With this feature set, FeynRules enables models to go from theory to simulation and comparison with experiment quickly, efficiently and accurately. Program summaryProgram title: FeynRules 2.0Catalogue identifier: AEDI_v2_0Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEDI_v2_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 51324No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 455219Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Mathematica.Computer: Platforms on which Mathematica is available.Operating system: Operating systems on which Mathematica is available.Classification: 11.1, 11.6.Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesCatalogue identifier of previous version: AEDI_v1_1Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 182 (2011) 2404Nature of problem:The program computes the Feynman rules of any quantum field theory, expressed in four-dimensional space–time, directly from the Lagrangian of the model. Various interfaces to Feynman diagram calculators are included that allow the exportation of the interaction vertices in a format readable by different Monte Carlo event generators or symbolic calculation tools.Solution method:FeynRules works in three steps: 1.If necessary, the model Lagrangian is written in terms of four-component fermions and the usual fields of particle physics, instead of Weyl fermions or superfields.2.Derivation of the Feynman rules directly form the Lagrangian using canonical commutation relations among fields and creation operators.3.Implementation of the new physics model into FeynArts as well as into various Monte Carlo programs via dedicated interfaces.Reasons for new version:Bug fixes.Summary of revisions:•cleaning of unnecessary files•bug related to epsilon tensors•bug with multiple interaction order fixed•bug when we have one mass parameter for several•particles in the UFORestrictions:Mathematica version 7.0 or higher. The Lagrangian must fulfill basic quantum field theory requirements, such as locality and Lorentz and gauge invariance. Fields with spin 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2 and 2 are supported.Unusual features:Translation interfaces to various Feynman diagram generators exist. Superfields are also supported and can be expanded in terms of their component fields, which allows the performance of various sets of superspace computations.Running time:The computation of the Feynman rules from a Lagrangian varies with the complexity of the model, and runs from a few seconds to several minutes. See Section 7 of the present manuscript for more information.

Multi-Platform Institutional Repository

This paper introduces an alternative approach of how to build the institutional repository, the multi-platform IR, for research institutes whose internal research units have existing IRs. Firstly, it describes the strategy of IR that harvests data from existing various-platform local repositories, allows researchers to manually input their publication data, provides administrative tool to manipulate the IR database, and includes output interface and search tool for end user. Then the program based on Drupal framework using real data from libraries of Khon Kaen University is provided to demonstrate the investigated strategy. The program perfectly performs all required tasks and could potentially be an example for future IRs of research institutes who would like to consolidate and aggregate existing local IRs.

Pulsed Driver Control System for High-Power LED

Pulsed current source is used to drive high-power LED in thermal analysis and testing. A new scheme to design the high-power LED pulsed current source, which integrates FPGA device, with highly quality single-chip microcomputer C8051F as the control center, is introduced. In order to obtain the LED automatic current control, the negative feedback is used in the LED pulsed driver. The pulsed current source consists of constant-current source and couple output interface controlled by square pulse signal, which ensures the stability of pulsed current, rise time and fall time. It is convenient to adjust the pulse current amplitude, pulse width, pulse cycle and sampling gate independently. Results show that the current stability of the driver control system can obtain 0.01%.

Transmit Diversity in the Downlink for the TETRA-TEDS System

In the paper a proposal for the improvement of performance for the TETRA Enhanced Data System (TEDS) employing transmit diversity based on two antennas in the downlink is described. The key idea of the considerations relies on using the space-frequency coding algorithm. The proposal described required some relatively simple changes to the existing TEDS’s Single Input Single Output (SISO) interface but the original number of payload and signaling symbols in the normal downlink burst is preserved. The simulation results obtained indicate a significant improvement in performance. The Eb/No parameter could be reduced from 5 to 8 dB with respect to Frame Error Rate (FER), compared to a single antenna transmission for the same FER = 10−3.

The Controller Development of Multi-layer Parking Equipment Based on STM32

To meet the needs of the general parking equipment with high integration, fully functional control system, we design a controller based on STM32F103 series microprocessor used in Multi-layer parking equipment, with SD card, NRF and other module interface. To ensure the stability of the controller, all of the input interface, relay output interface and the power supply part are isolated, smoothed and other necessary processing; The controller can be performed RS485, CAN bus communication, also with voice alarm, LCD display. After the necessary tests, combined with practical work of the three layers and six places parking equipment, then verified the reliability and practicability of the controller.

Absolute Value Encoder Communication Interface Design Based on SSI Protocol

In terms of absolute value encoder applications, SSI communication protocol, as an earlier implementation of communication protocol, has been widely used recently. Many companies, including both domestic and overseas, have introduced encoder communication interfaces with the SSI absolute value. In this paper, based on the features of SSI protocol communication, we propose a low cost of SSI protocol communication interface design scheme for the absolute value encoder whose output is asynchronous or parallel. The experiment shows that this kind of communication interface is stable, reliable and makes the absolute value encoder with asynchronous serial or parallel output interface meet the SSI protocol specification of communication function.

Parametric Design of Suspension Rig Based on VB and ANSYS

With self-developed designs the large load temporarily installed suspended access equipment (gondola) ZLP3000 as the prototype, based on the interface file formed by APDL and VB, the suspension rig parametric design program which regarded parameterized virtual design and finite element analysis as the core was designed. Parametric modeling of the overall structure, the optimization of the analysis and the result output were achieved. Multiple sets of schemes results data were extracted in the VB output interface, the optimal scheme of suspension rig structure layout was obtained based on comparative analysis of those data.