Output Character Research Articles

A Scheme to Address Routers in MIMO Triangular Wireless Overlay Mesh

A scheme to address router nodes is given for wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) character. Both the wireless transceiver number of a node and geographical topology mesh contribute to wireless overlay model by placing link into different channel planes edge in case of interference. The triangular mesh is an important overlay topology for wireless networks. The router node addressing scheme keeps its instinct symmetric property. Several general cases over the addressing scheme are also discussed for the shortest routing path and the node coordination itself. The interference relation is abstracted into set models. Furthermore, the length of the shortest path is also given by a formula with the source node and destination node addresses. A general conclusion on relation of node address and hop count is also given.

An analysis of the patenting activities and collaboration among industry-university-research institutes in the Chinese ICT sector

Few comprehensive and long time-span studies have examined the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in China and its implications for China's national and regional innovation system. Taking advantage of the patents granted by the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China from 1985 to 2010, this paper examined innovation performance in the Chinese ICT industry with the help of bibliometric techniques. The analysis has been conducted from several perspectives, including the trend and character of patent outputs, the most prolific Chinese regions and their changes, the primary innovators and their type of institutions, and the collaboration among university (U)-industry (I)-research institutes (R). The results show that the great importance that the government and domestic enterprises attach to technology R&D and patent protection has brought significant improvements in the Chinese ICT sector, and enterprises have thus gradually become the main body of technological innovation in recent years. In terms of U-I-R collaborations, I-I collaborations are the most popular pattern, followed by U-I and I-R collaborations. In the last 20 years or so, U-I-R collaborations have improved, but they are still weak. In the future, U-I-R collaborations should be further reinforced, and more universities and research institutes should be encouraged to become involved in U-I-R collaborations to help enterprises enhance their innovative capabilities.

ALAT PENGGERUS OBAT OTOMATIS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER AVR ATMEGA 16 DISERTAI TAMPILAN LCD

Eva Noviana, Saiful Manan, in paper otomatic drug muller based on ATMEGA16 mikrokontroler with LCD monitor explain that in a pharmacy a pharmacist made ​​in accordance with the prescription drugs that have been recommended from the doctor to the patient. The drug is sometimes exist in the form of capsules, so the pharmacist must erode the drug first. Usually the process is still done manually which is less saves time. Because in today's tools - the tools are completely automated. With Automatic Tool muller Drugs Accompanied ATmega16 AVR Microcontroller Based LCD Display is possible to ease the burden on pharmacists, where the application is made up of four series, namely a series of push buttons, ATmega16 AVR microcontroller series, LCD series, muller motor driver circuit. Push button as input in the form of a pushbutton. ATmega16 AVR microcontroller as the central control input and outputan the grinding process medication. LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display ) as output capable of displaying output characters , either letters or numbers. Muller motor driver as government Universal AC to drive the motor. As for writing the program used in this application using C language C language is the software that becomes part of the system which are programs that regulate the working of the microcontroller ATmega16 and overall hardware (hardware ) is connected to the microcontroller ATmega16. Keywords : ATmega16 AVR microcontroller, LCD, muller motor driver.

A Stochastic Control Approach to Optimally Designing Hierarchical Flash Sets in P300 Communication Prostheses

The P300-based speller is a well-established brain-computer interface for communication. It displays a matrix of objects on the computer screen, flashes each object in sequence, and looks for a P300 response induced by flashing the desired object. Most existing P300 spellers uses a fixed set of flash objects. We demonstrate that performance can be significantly improved by sequential selections from a hierarchy of flash sets containing variable number of objects. Theoretically, the optimal hierarchy of flash sets--with respect to a given statistical language model--can be found by solving a stochastic control problem of low computational complexity. Experimentally, statistical analysis demonstrates that the average time per output character at 85% accuracy is reduced by over 50% using our variable-flash-set approach as compared to traditional fixed-flash-set spellers.

Male Fertility in Uganda Banana Germplasm

Identification of fertility levels in banana germplasm collection at Kabanyolo, Uganda, was conducted by dehiscing the anthers using a glass rod. The study involved 151 accessions. The quantity of pollen grains per anther was ranked 0-5; where 0 had no grains and 5 had abundant pollen grains. A correlation between pollen output and inflorescence characters revealed a positive relationship (r = 0.69, P ≤ 0.01) to inflorescence diagnostic characters. A quantitative determination of pollen output per anther and percentage pollen viability based on starch test using the Heamocytometer method revealed that the amount of starch filled grains did not proportionally vary with the total pollen output. Pollen output varied from cultivar to cultivar. Most East African highland banana cultivars were found to have more pollen than the recently introduced banana cultivars. A few highland banana cultivars were non-polleniferous. The results indicate the relative potential of using various cultivars in hybridization and, anther and pollen culture programmes. Keywords: Bananas, Heamocytometer, fertility, pollen

Who takes the hit? Ministerial advisers and the distribution of welfare state cuts

This paper suggests a new way of analysing welfare state cutbacks. Instead of analysing the level of cuts, it analyses the way in which the cuts are distributed between social groups. It argues that we need to better understand the role of key bureaucrats in order to explain welfare state policy output, and thereby the distribution of cuts. In line with this argument, the paper suggests that ministerial advisers are influential in determining the character of policy output and that their actions partly depend on the terms of their employment. It hypothesizes that recommendations made by politically appointed advisers differ systematically from recommendations made by advisers who were not appointed politically, and that this also affects policy output. To test these suggestions, a set of 18 mature welfare states is used, and the results indicate that the ministerial advisers' terms of employment indeed influence the distribution of welfare state cuts.

Predictive Spelling With a P300-Based Brain–Computer Interface: Increasing the Rate of Communication

This study compared a conventional P300 speller brain–computer interface (BCI) to one used in conjunction with a predictive spelling program. Performance differences in accuracy, bit rate, selections per minute, and output characters per minute (OCM) were examined. An 8 × 9 matrix of letters, numbers, and other keyboard commands was used. Participants (N = 24) were required to correctly complete the same 58 character sentence (i.e., correcting for errors) using the predictive speller (PS) and the nonpredictive speller (NS), counterbalanced. The PS produced significantly higher OCMs than the NS. Time to complete the task in the PS condition was 12 min 43 s as compared to 20 min 20 sec in the NS condition. Despite the marked improvement in overall output, accuracy was significantly higher in the NS paradigm. P300 amplitudes were significantly larger in the NS than in the PS paradigm, which is attributed to increased workload and task demands. These results demonstrate the potential efficacy of predictive spelling in the context of BCI.

Research on Printing Color Stability Control Method

This paper proposes an ceaseless compensation method for dot gain based on output characters in printing process, solving the problem of color variation in press controlling, and on the other hand, avoiding wastes made by plate-making and press equipment correction. This control method has a positive function for the working efficiency and technology improvement.

Characterization of bipartite Gaussian states from OPO

In a recent paper by D'Auria et al (2009 Phys. Rev. Lett.102 020502) we reported the full experimental reconstruction of Gaussian entangled states generated by a type-II optical parametric oscillator (OPO) below threshold using a single homodyne detector. Here we investigate more deeply the Gaussian character of the OPO output addressing the homodyne traces. More precisely, we apply a suitable normality test to check the actual Gaussian distribution of the homodyne data and then we perform the full reconstruction of the signal.

Understanding Students' Learning Experiences Through Journal Writing

This paper will make attempts to understand students learning experiences through journal writing. How students feel about the subject including materials, lecturers, learning activities, how they experience the learning processes, and identify their difficulties are several issues that will be discussed. Various significant issues found in students' journals will also be used to analyze and evaluate classroom activities.This study is conducted in a particular context of class room first semester undergraduate students of Accounting Department at the Faculty of Economics Universitas Islam Indonesia. The students are obliged to take Output Character Building Program (CCD) which is aimed to prepare new students to readily involve in academic environment and tasks. Data were collected from eight students' journals from two different classes and teacher's journal. They were required to write daily-basis reflective journal at the end of every meeting which is then analyzed to reveal significant issues addressed by students.The result of the class observation shows that regular journal writing function as a tool of effective communication between students-teachers, a media for students to express their feeling towards learning, promote better teacher-student rapport, and good feedback from students for the betterment of teaching and learning process. At further stages, the findings could be used to evaluate and develop better program.

LD侧面抽运双棒串接NdYAG激光腔的基模输出特性研究

LD侧面抽运双棒串接NdYAG激光腔的基模输出特性研究

热效应对固体激光器偏振特性和基模输出特性的影响

热效应对固体激光器偏振特性和基模输出特性的影响

The Magnitude of Thymic Output Is Genetically Determined through Controlled Intrathymic Precursor T Cell Proliferation

The thymus plays a crucial role in providing the immune system with naive T cells showing a diverse TCR repertoire. Whereas the diversity of thymic production is mainly ensured by TCR rearrangement at both the TRA and TRB loci, the number of cells reaching the double-positive differentiation stage defines the extent of thymic output. A quantitative analysis of TCR excision circles (TREC; signal-joint TRECs and DJbetaTRECs) produced at different stages of thymopoiesis was performed in nine laboratory mouse strains. The results clearly demonstrate that the magnitude of thymic output is directly proportional to the extent of proliferation in the double-negative 4 thymocyte subset. Strikingly, intrathymic precursor T cell proliferation was found to be strain dependent, thus suggesting a genetic regulation of thymic output. The inherited character of thymic output was further confirmed by the transmission of the phenotype in a recessive fashion in F(1) progeny of the different parental strains. Our results provide the first demonstration of the genetic regulation of thymic output.

Bibliometric analysis on global Parkinson's disease research trends during 1991–2006

In 10 years, we will mark the 200th anniversary of the James Parkinson's original description of the disease that now bears his name. This study was to explore an alternative statistical approach to quantitatively and qualitatively assessing current research trends on global Parkinson's disease, using the related literatures from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science databases during the period of 1991-2006. Articles were concentrated on the analysis by scientific output characters, world collaboration, and the frequency of author keywords used. An exponential regression was applied to model the high correlation between cumulative number of articles and the year. International collaborative articles were more prevalent in recent years than earlier years, and increasing international collaboration would lead to more powerful articles due to the sharing of ideas and workloads, while China, Italy, Spain, and Austria are benefit a lot from the international cooperation. Finally, author keywords were analyzed contrastively, with research trends and recent hotspots provided.

The character of power output from utility‐scale photovoltaic systems

AbstractPower produced by utility‐scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has fluctuations on both short and long time scales. Power spectral density (PSD) analysis provides information on the character of these power fluctuations. Examination of the correlation and step size of the power output between several PV sites within a multi‐site system allows assessment of geographic diversification for addressing intermittency. Both techniques provide insight into the characteristics of firm power and/or demand response required to accommodate large‐scale PV deployment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Design of a Smart Gas Sensor System for Room Air-Cleaner of Automobile (Thick-Film Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensor)

It is almost impossible to secure the reproductibility and stability of a commercial Thick-Film Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensor since it is very difficult to keep the consistency of the manufacturing environment. Thus it is widely known that the general Semiconductor-Oxide Gas Sensors are not appropriate for precise measurement systems. In this paper, the output characteristic analyzer of the various Thick-Film Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors that are used to recognize the air quality within an automobile are proposed and examined. The analyzed output characters in a normal air chamber are grouped by sensor ranks and used to fill out the characteristic table of the Thick-Film Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors. The characteristic table is used to determine the rank of the sensor that is equipped in the current air cleaner system of an automobile. The proposed air control system can also adapt the on-demand operation that recognizes the history of the passenger's manual-control.

自動自差修正이 가능한 電子컴퍼스의 개발에 관한 연구

The Electronic compass made as a pilot model in this research is comprised of a three axis magnetic sensor, an accustar clinometer, and a fiber optic gyro sensor. The results confirming the output character, performance, and the accuracy of the deviation corrects of each sensor are as follows: 1) As for the output character of the three axis magnetic sensor, the magnetic field showed a cosine curve on the X axis, a - sine curve on the Y axis, and constant figures on the Z sensor. The horizontal component H and the vertical component V of the terrestrial magnetism calculated from the output voltage were 33.2T and 23.95T respectively. 2) When the fiber optic gyro sensor is fixed on the electromotive rotation transformation and has made a clockwise rotation with the speed of 10/sec, 20/sec, and 30/sec, the relationship between the output and the rotation angle of the fiber optic gyro sensor showed proportionally constant values. 3) When the magnetic field was induced with a magnet, the deviation before the correction was significant at a high of 25. However, the deviation after the correction using Poisson correction was in the 2 range, significantly lower than before the correction. It was confirmed that automatic deviation corrects are possible with the electronic compass made as a pilot model in this research.

Information Transmission Concept Based Model of Wave Propagation in Discrete Excitable Media

A new information transmission concept based model of excitable media with continuous outputs of the model’s cells and variable excitation time is proposed. Continuous character of the outputs instigates infinitesimal inaccuracies in calculations. It generates countless number of the cells’ excitation variants that occur in front of the wave even in the homogenous and isotropic grid. New approach allows obtain many wave propagation patterns observed in real world experiments and known simulation studies. The model suggests a new spiral breakup mechanism based on tensions and gradually deepening clefts that appear in front of the wave caused by uneven propagation speed of curved and planar segments of the wave. The analysis hints that the wave breakdown and daughter wavelet bursting behavior possibly is inherent peculiarity of excitable media with weak ties between the cells, short refractory period and granular structure. The model suggested is located between cellular automaton with discrete outputs and differential equation based models and gives a new tool to simulate wave propagation patterns in applied disciplines. It is also a new line of attack aimed to understand wave bursting, propagation and annihilation processes in isotropic homogenous media.

Theory for Topology Synthesis of Parallel Manipulators and Its Application to Three-Dimension-Translation Parallel Manipulators

A systematic theory for topology synthesis of parallel manipulators considering basic requirements such as kinematics, dynamics, control, and actuation is built. The kernel part of the theory is its proper application of a new mobility formula, output character equation of parallel manipulators, and units for single-opened-chains that have topological features. A feasible methodology for synthesizing parallel manipulators is also given, by which a detailed application is focused on the synthesis of three-dimension-translation parallel manipulators. The result synthesized encompasses not only most known mechanisms, but also some novel mechanisms with fine performances, such as simple forward/inverse kinematics and decoupling of input-output parameters that especially benefit control of theses structures.

The Canon Debate (review)

The word "debate" well summarizes the character of the vast scholarly output of the past half-century dealing with the Jewish and Christian biblical canons. It is probably not accidental that the burgeoning interest in canonical issues coincided with the discovery (beginning in 1947) and publication of the Dead Sea Scrolls, in which "canonical" and "non-canonical" writings appear in great quantity in the same location. Indeed, of the 511 items in the bibliography of this book, 471 were published after 1950. This collection of 32 essays traces the contours of the contemporary debate in admirable detail.