Outpatient Department Of Otorhinolaryngology Research Articles

An insight into globus pharyngeus: A diagnostic dilemma

Globus pharyngeus is a common disorder encountered in patients in Otorhinolaryngology out-patient department. Patients often express this as a feeling of foreign body stuck in throat or choking sensation in throat. Detailed history and investigations are needed to rule out malignancy. Patient should be thoroughly counselled to relieve anxiety.

Tinnitus in COVID-19 Patients

Background: Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom found in the outpatient department of otolaryngology. Patients with COVID-19 infection have complained of tinnitus. However, in the present COVID-19 epidemic, it has received little attention. Objective: The goal of this study was to see how common tinnitus was among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study that looked at 28 COVID-19 participants who had tinnitus. COVID-19 infection was confirmed in all of them using a nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The detailed history-taking clinical examination of the ear was done for the assessment of tinnitus and its outcome was analyzed. Results: There were 28 COVID-19 patients presented with tinnitus out of 212 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. There were 16 (57.14%) men and 12 (42.85%) women out of 28 COVID-19 patients with tinnitus, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.33:1. Seven (25%) of the 28 patients had hearing loss, whereas 4 (14.28%) had balance issues. Out of 28 patients, 5 (17.85%) had symptoms of migraine. Conclusion: This study shows that COVID-19 patients may be affected by subjective otoneurological symptoms like tinnitus. Tinnitus is more common in male COVID-19 patients than in female. The associated symptoms of hearing impairment and balance issues should be anticipated along with tinnitus. More research is needed to figure out the specific pathophysiological process that causes this subjective ringing sensation in COVID-19 patients.

Diagnosing Malignancy by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Cases of Solitary Thyroid Nodules

Background: A solitary thyroid nodule is a discrete swelling that is palpable in apparently normal thyroid gland. It can be identified clinically as well as radiologically. This study aims to find the prevalence of malignancy in clinically detected solitary thyroid nodule and to compare the findings in pre-operative fine needle aspiration cytology test with post-operative histopathological examination to assess the accuracy of the test.
 Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in patients attending the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient department in our hospital from January to December 2021 with clinically diagnosed solitary thyroid nodules. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee ofNobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (58412021). The collected data were collected in Microsoft Excel 2013and was analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% ConfidenceInterval and descriptive statistics were interpreted as frequency, percentage, or as mean and standarddeviations.
 Results: Among 37 patients with clinically detected solitary thyroid nodules, malignancy was found in 12 (32.43%) (17.35-47.51 at 95% Confidence Interval).The mean age of presentation was 34 ± 13 years with male female ratio of 1:8.Fine needle aspiration cytology had 64.00% sensitivity and 75.68% specificity in detecting benign lesions and 100% both in detecting malignancy.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of malignancy by fine needle aspiration cytology among clinically detected solitary thyroid nodules was high as compared to other similar studies done in similar settings

Efficacy of antifungal drops versus antifungal cream in the treatment of otomycosis prospective study of 30 patients

Otomycosis occurs when an isolated fungal infection is found in the external auditory canal. In the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department, it appears to be a highly common clinical problem.every corner of the globe. Aspergillus is the most common etiological bacterium that forms biofilm in the ear canal.in addition to Candida spp. Unnecessary insertion of earplugs, cleaning supplies, and medication.Otomycosis can begin as a result of a canal infection. Otomycosis is characterised by ear pain, discharge, and itching.a lack of hearing. Right diagnosis must be made at this early stage of infection in order to take an aggressive action.However, suppurative conditions in the mastoid region necessitate specialised medical attention when infection has spread there.notably in people with a compromised immune system The primary goal of this in-depth analysis is to attract readers' attention.in order to live a healthy life, one must pay attention to personal hygiene and receive adequate health education. Methods: A future investigation.Patients with confirmed otomycosis were included in the study. All samples taken from patients were tested for fungi that cause otomycosis using standard microbiological methods. Following that, patients were divided into two groups and given either 1% clotrimazole drop medication or 1% cream treatment at random.

A Case of Chondrosarcoma With Maffucci Syndrome Presenting Adult Onset Otitis Media With Effusion

Maffucci syndrome is a non-hereditary disease, in which benign cartilage tumor called enchondroma occurs throughout the body, causing various symptoms. In particular, when chondrosarcoma occurs in the skull base, various neurologic symptoms can appear. Many of these symptoms have been diagnosed and reported by neurosurgeons. This paper presents a rare case of Maffuci syndrome. The patient is a 34-year-old female who first visited the otolaryngology outpatient department for ear fullness without any other neurological symptoms. The initial diagnosis was adult onset otitis media with effusion (OME), but further examination and biopsy revealed skull base chondrosarcoma. Moreover, the mass was extensively invading the skull base, so surgical treatment would have been dangerous; thus, careful follow-up has been conducted for the patient in the outpatient clinic. This report highlights the importance of nasopharyngoscopy as well as other imaging tests to observe nasopharyngeal masses in OME patients with congenital or acquired diseases, which are known to sporadically develop tumor.

Current pharmacological treatment of tinnitus

Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound. The pathophysiology of tinnitus is poorly understood in medicine. It is a highly prevalent disorder and treatment is still elusive. Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom presented by patients in the outpatient department of otolaryngology. In some people, tinnitus is a fairly minor irritation but for many, it intrudes to such a degree that it affects their ability to lead a normal life. Individuals who suffer from disabling tinnitus often need medical treatment from an otologist, neurologist, or psychiatrist with the hope of finding a medication that can completely switch off their tinnitus and bring back silence. The available treatment for tinnitus patients is diverse. These include counseling, cognitive behavioral therapies, tinnitus retraining therapy, and input to the auditory system such as hearing aids and cochlear implants. The pharmacological treatment for tinnitus patients is often less discussed in the literature. The search for effective tinnitus treatment faces considerable challenges. Tinnitus is only a symptom that might be the result of different underlying pathologies. Thus, heterogeneity within tinnitus patients is expected and the drug discovery endeavor faces a “one drug will not fit all” scenario. Tinnitus today is still clinically challenging and most patients want a drug that could reduce or even abolish their phantom sound. The objective of this review article is to discuss the current pharmacological treatment of tinnitus.

Hearing loss and tinnitus among pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection

Background: Hearing impairment and tinnitus are common otological manifestations found in the outpatient Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Hearing loss and tinnitus have been documented among coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, these clinical manifestations were rarely investigated among pediatric patients with COVID-19 infections. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of hearing impairment and tinnitus among children with COVID-19 infection at a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive study where 192 children with COVID-19 infections were evaluated for hearing loss and tinnitus. There were 44 (22.91%) children with COVID-19 infections presenting with hearing loss and tinnitus. All of the children were confirmed as COVID-19 infection with the help of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the nasopharyngeal swab. Detailed history taking and clinical examination of the ear were done for the assessment of hearing loss and tinnitus and its outcome was analyzed. Results: Out of 44 children, 20 (45.45%) were presented with tinnitus, 16 (36.36%) were presented with hearing loss, and 8 (18.18%) were presented with both hearing loss and tinnitus. Out of 44 pediatric patients with hearing loss and/or tinnitus, 26 (59.09%) were males and 18 (40.90%) were females with a male child to female child ratio of 1.44:1. The mean age of the participants was 9.16 years with an age range from 5 to 18 years. The sporadic type of tinnitus is more common than any other type. Conclusion: This study showed that the presence of subjective neurological features like hearing loss and tinnitus can be found in children with COVID-19 infection. More studies are required to confirm the exact pathophysiology mechanism underlying this subjective symptom in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection.

Comparison of Hearing Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Type I Tympanoplasty With Temporalis Fascia Vs Tensor Fascia Lata Graft

Background: Mucosal type of chronic otitis media is a condition characterized by a central perforation of the tympanic membrane with or without ossicular chain involvement. The perforation is in the pars tensa, and is mostly sequelae to an earlier attack of acute otitis media. The tympanic membrane perforation may be caused by chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) or following trauma, mostly resulting in hearing loss. Aim: To compare the hearing outcome in patients undergoing type one tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia versus patients undergoing type one tympanoplasty using fascia lata graft. Method: Patients with mucosal chronic suppurative otitis media were chosen from the OPD or outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology at Dr. DY Patil Hospital; between May 2019 and April 2021. This prospective study includes 50 patients out of which 25 patients were operated for myringoplasty with temporalis fascia and other 25 patients were operated for myringoplasty with fascia lata graft. Pre-operative and post-operative hearing assessment was done by audiometry (AB gap) and improvement in PTA findings were compared. Results: There is a significant improvement in AB gap in patients undergoing type one tympanoplasty with tensor fascia lata as compared to those who underwent the same surgery but with temporalis fascia. Conclusion: As observed by our study, significant improvement in AB gap in patients undergoing type 1 tympanoplasty with tensor fascia lata as compared to those who underwent the same surgery but with temporalis fascia was present. Thus, it can be suggested to perform type one tympanoplasty with tensor fascia lata for better improvement in AB gap.

Congenital atresia of external auditory canal with choristoma: A rare case report

Congenital aural atresia (CAA) is the abnormality of the auricle and/or external auditory canal where there is closure of the external auditory canal which may be associated with microtia and anomalies in the middle ear, inner ear, or temporal bone. It can be solid or membranous type of atresia. To identify the type of defect, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) temporal bone is useful. After identifying the defect, the patient can be planned for canaloplasty or atresiaplasty with split skin graft. A 6-year-old boy was brought to the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department with complaints of deformity of the left ear since birth. HRCT temporal bone showed isolated left external auditory canal atresia. Echocardiogram showed dextrocardia with situs solitus and USG abdomen revealed situs inversus of the abdominal organs with no significant abnormality. After proper evaluation of the child, after obtaining preanesthetic fitness, the child had undergone atresiaplasty with split skin graft under general anesthesia. Soft tissue that was excised from the external auditory canal was sent for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of salivary gland tissue with lymph nodes showing reactive changes. These features were suggestive of possibility of choristoma of the left external auditory canal. CAA occurs in the defect during embryological development which may result in deformity of the auricle and external auditory canal. The surgical management of congenital external auditory canal atresia is atresiaplasty, and hearing rehabilitation (bone anchored hearing aid) should be given in case of no improvement in hearing. The surgery will be challenging because of altered anatomy of surgical landmarks. Choristoma is a tumor-like growth of normal tissue in an abnormal place. It is a benign condition, which may be found commonly in the head-and-neck region such as presence of salivary gland tissue in the middle ear, presence of gastric mucosa in the tongue and presence of osseous or cartilaginous masses in the intraoral soft tissues. Total excision can be done for small and pedunculated tumors, and care should be taken not to injure facial nerve. CAA may not necessarily present with deformities in the external ear (pinna), but Congenital aural atresia cases may not always present with deformities of the pinna,but it is crucial not to miss such cases. These patients may be evaluated by doing High Resolution Computed Tomography temporal bone and audiometric assessment such as. Pediatric evaluation is equally important to rule out for any syndromic association. Atresiaplasty or canaloplasty has shown great result for correcting the cosmetic defect. Hearing can be facilitated further using bone anchored hearing aids or cochlear implantation.

Assessment of Short-term Outcomes of 10 mg Daily Amitriptyline Therapy in Globus Pharyngeus Patients

Background: Globus pharyngeus or feeling of a lump in the throat is a very common complaint in patients visiting the otolaryngology outpatient department. Pharmacotherapy with low dose amitriptyline has a significant effect in relieving the symptoms, although success rate varies among patients. Objectives: Aim for this study was to find out the benefits of low dose amitriptyline therapy in the management of Globus pharyngeus on a short term basis. Materials & Methods: This is an observational study conducted from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. Total 50 patients were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were – subjective feeling of a lump in the throat persisting for more than 2 months, Clinical oral examination and Upper GI endoscopy revealed normal findings, age between 18–60 years of both sexes. All the patients were prescribed with 10mg Amitriptyline per oral at night for 2 months, and patients were followed during the course of treatment to assess relief of symptoms and to evaluate any side effects. Results: In this study male to female ratio was 1:4. Mean age of study group was 42.66 (_ 4.78) years. Symptomatic relief occurred in 37 (74%) patients. Increased somnolence was found in 21 patients (42%) during first 2 weeks of treatment, No improvement occurred in 8 patients (16%), and worsening of symptom occurred in 5 patients (10%). Conclusion: Low dose Amitriptyline is effective in alleviating symptoms of globus pharyngeus in most patients on a short-term basis. Although some minor side effects can occur, these are manageable. KYAMC Journal.2021;12(02): 75-77

Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation: an overview in a tertiary care centre-Khammam

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Aim of the study was to distinguish traumatic tympanic membrane perforation (TTMP) by distribution, etiology and clinical presentation and to assess the prognosis and outcome of treatment and establish masterly inactivity as main treatment modality.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: A prospective observational study was performed on 60 cases of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology, Mamatha medical college and general hospital, Khammam from October 2019 to March 2021. All the patients came to ENT OPD with the history of trauma to the ear and hearing loss were examined and after obtaining proper history, all the patients underwent ENT clinical examination, oto-endoscopic and audiological evaluation by pure tone audiometry. All the patients diagnosed with traumatic tympanic membrane perforation after obtaining informed written consent were included in the study. All the patients were followed at regular intervals and observations were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: All patients were evaluated based on oto-endoscopic examination. Age ranges from 20-50 years, mean age of 33.6 years and with a male to female ratio of 1:1.4. Commonest etiology was physical assault (61.66%) followed by self-inflicted injury accounting 20%. Tinnitus (90%) was the common presenting complaint and the perforation spontaneously healing is about 90% patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane is under-reported otologic defect which has a good prognosis if treated at right time with a need to educate people on the consequences and about unskilled removal of wax/foreign body, early identification and apt diagnosis and management.</p>

Modified technique of extracorporeal septoplasty in severe septal deviation

ObjectivesSeptal deviation represent a major cause of aesthetic disorders and respiratory obstruction. The traditional septoplasty techniques may often be inadequate to treat severe deviations. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified technique of extracorporeal septoplasty in terms of subjective improvement in validated NOSE score post-operatively and complications in short term (3months). MethodsA total of 20 patients with severe septal deviation were evaluated in the Otolaryngology Outpatient Department in Al-Immamain Al-Khadimain Medical City, from March 2017 to February 2018. All were undergoing extracorporeal septoplasty (ECS) and assessed pre and post-operatively clinically and endoscopically and subjective evaluation of the respiratory function was obtained by mean of Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale which compared with the results obtained preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months post-intervention. ResultsNOSE scores at 1 and 3 months follow-up demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.0001) compared to preoperative values. There were no complications recorded. ConclusionsThe modified extracorporeal septoplasty technique proved to be functionally effective at 3-month follow-up in cases of severe septal deviation.

A study of aerobic bacteriological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Introduction: In the Otolaryngology Out Patient Department (OPD), Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is the most common encountered otological disease. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas species are the most commonly encountered etiological agents. Untreated CSOM leads to complications such as facial nerve paralysis, lateral sinus thrombosis, labyrinthitis, meningitis and brain abscess. Materials and Methods: Patients with CSOM having unilateral or bilateral ear discharge for more than 3 months, attending Otolaryngology OPD or admitted in the wards were included in the study. Two swabs were collected from each patient with sterile precautions and submitted to the Microbiology Department. The samples were subjected to Gram’s stain and culture according to standard operative procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 520 samples were collected, out of which 474 samples showed growth. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate followed by Pseudomonas species. Staphylococcus isolates were highly sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: Several studies have showed the predominance of different etiological agents in different geographical regions with different antibiotic sensitivity pattern. So, the knowledge of local etiological agent and its susceptibility pattern helps clinicians in treating the patients and to prevent its complications and drug resistance. Keywords: CSOM, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern, Aerobic bacteria.

Relationship between enuresis and obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome in children

ObjectiveWe explored the relationship between enuresis and obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children and influencing factors of enuresis with OSAHS.MethodsWe recruited 196 children ≥5 years old from the otolaryngology outpatient department, who experienced snoring and underwent nasopharynx lateral radiography and in-laboratory polysomnography. We analyzed correlations between the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (L-SaO2) with age, body mass index (BMI), tonsil size, and adenoidal–nasopharyngeal (A/N) ratio using the Pearson correlation test. Differences in severe OSAHS prevalence, age, AHI, L-SaO2, tonsil size, and A/N ratio between children with and without enuresis were assessed using the chi-square test and t-test. Risk factors of enuresis were analyzed using logistic regression. Follow-up was conducted to assess remission in children with enuresis after adenotonsillectomy.ResultsBMI, tonsil size, and A/N ratio were correlated with AHI and L-SaO2. Severe OSAHS prevalence, AHI, tonsil size, and A/N ratio were higher and L-SaO2 were lower in children with enuresis. Logistic regression showed that BMI, AHI, tonsil size, and sleep apnea were risk factors for enuresis.ConclusionsOur study findings showed that enuresis was associated with OSAHS in children. Adenotonsillectomy may improve the symptoms of enuresis.

Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in ENT outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Antibiotics are the most commonly used and misused of all drugs. Patterns of antibiotic resistance widely follows local patterns of antibiotic prescribing and usage. Periodic data collection and analysis of antibiotic prescriptions at regional level are essential to understand and combat antibiotic resistance. Objective of the study was to study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study of prescribing pattern of antibiotics was conducted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology. Data of antibiotic utilization in outpatient department was collected through duplicate copies of the prescriptions. The data obtained was analyzed and the conclusions were drawn using descriptive analysis.Results: A total of 606 prescriptions were collected and analyzed during the study. Average number of antibiotics prescribed per prescription was 1.24 most of the antibiotics were prescribed for a duration of 1 to 5 days. Commonly prescribed antibiotic class was penicillin (48.1%) followed by quinolone (18.3%). Most of the antibiotics were prescribed by their brand names (98.8%).Conclusions: The present study highlights the wide use of extended spectrum antibiotics, along with brand names for prescribing. Interventions for prescribing of generic drugs from the essential drug list needs to be encouraged among physicians.

A study of phonosurgeries in vocal dysfunction in Salem district

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Phonosurgery essentially is surgery defined to improve or restore the voice. The objective of the study was to analyze and categorize the various benign lesions of the vocal cord causing vocal dysfunction requiring phonosurgeries, to analyze the incidence and distribution of cases according to age, sex, and etiology among the patients who require intense medical and voice therapy with surgical intervention.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective study was conducted in fifty patients with vocal dysfunction from the ear, neck and throat (ENT) outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mohan Kumaramangalam Government General Hospital, Salem in the year September 2018 to October 2019 who failed conservative medical and voice therapy requiring phonological procedure were included in this study. Phonomicrosurgery was done for the patients with benign vocal fold mucosal disorders and medialization laryngoplasty using Gore-Tex was done for the patients with unilateral vocal cord palsy causing vocal dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study on phono surgery concludes vocal polyp is the commonest benign lesion of the vocal cord that constitutes 40% in our study population. Males are affected more than females. Proper investigation of voice and larynx provides the exact pathological nature of the lesion and determines the timing of surgical intervention.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Most of the patients who underwent medialization laryngoplasty using Gore-Tex also had a good outcome at the end of the voice therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

A Case of Pulsatile Tinnitus Related to Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder that commonly occurs in obese young women of childbearing age and is characterized by symptoms such as pulsatile tinnitus, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual loss without any structural or vascular abnormalities in the intracranial cavity. We recently experienced a case of a 33-year-old obese woman who presented with right-sided pulsatile tinnitus, which is an early symptom for IIH. The patient was successfully treated with weight reduction and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide). Pulsatile tinnitus requires thorough diagnosis and examination because it can be cured if the anatomical or functional cause is identified and treated. When obese women of childbearing age present with pulsatile tinnitus at the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department, treatment for IIH should be initiated after appropriate examination and diagnosis as pulsatile tinnitus may be the only symptom for IIH.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a tertiary care centre: one-year prospective study

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Lesions of the oral cavity are very common among the general population and account for a significant number of patients in the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology. The lesions of oral cavity can cause varied symptoms like pain, dysphagia, and difficulty in speaking. The lesions can range from simple benign conditions to life threatening malignancies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre from January 2019 till December 2019. All the 256 patients who presented to the outpatient department with lesions in the oral cavity during the given time period were included in the study after getting informed and written consent. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Aphthous ulcers were the most common lesion (18.7%) found in this study. Buccal mucosa (50%) and anterior 2/3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; of tongue (34.3%) were the most common sites involved. Total of 204/256 (79.6%) patient had some form of addiction which included both smoked and smokeless form of tobacco as the most common type of addiction. Among the tobacco smokers, 24/80 (30%) had pre malignant and malignant lesions while among tobacco chewers 37/76 (48.6%) had pre malignant and malignant lesions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Lesions of the oral cavity are common among Indian population due to high prevalence of tobacco addiction. A thorough history taking and examination can detect premalignant and malignant lesions at an early stage, so that timely treatment can reduce the mortality rates in such patients.&lt;/p&gt;

Acute otitis media with facial nerve palsy: Our experiences at a tertiary care teaching hospital of western U.P

To assess acute otitis media with facial nerve paralysis, its prognosis, and treatment. It is a retrospective study. Thirteen patients of acute otitis media associated with facial nerve paralysis attended the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology between May 2017 and April 2019. All patients were clinically assessed with appropriate investigations, prognosis, and treatment. Out of 13 patients, 2 were identified with complete facial paralysis and the remaining 11 patients presented with incomplete paralysis. Medical treatment including antibiotics and corticosteroids failed, while myringotomy and facial nerve decompression were done with a favourable outcome. Eleven patients recovered to grade-I (House-Brackmann) and 2 cases to grade-II (House-Brackmann). Peripheral facial nerve paralysis in acute otitis media is rare. Antibiotics and steroids yield good outcome as conservative management. In case of failure by conservative treatment, facial nerve decompression yields a favourable outcome.

Chronic rhinosinusitis and its correlation with endoscopic anatomy of nose and paranasal sinuses: a cross-sectional study

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common condition characterized by inflammation of nose and paranasal sinuses and is associated with significant morbidity and healthcare expenditure. The study was undertaken to evaluate the endoscopic findings in different cases of CRS and correlating those findings with the clinical features and severity of symptoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A cross-sectional study was carried out at the outpatient Department of Otorhinolaryngology, R. G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata in a span of 18 months. A total of 56 patients who attended the outpatient department during the study period and met the inclusion criteria as well gave consent for participating in the study were taken as the sample size. The data was collected using history taking proforma. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Out of 56 patients, 51.8% were female, the most commonly affected age group was 31-40 years with 28.57% of patients. Majority of the patients 30.40% presented within one year of onset of symptoms, all the variables of clinical symptoms shows positive correlation statistically with the endoscopic findings, the most common anatomical variation was deviated nasal septum (DNS) present in 51.78% patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; A more extensive and detailed study needs to be done to determine conclusively whether the severity of symptoms can be used to predict the severity of disease in patients diagnosed as having chronic rhinosinusitis&lt;/p&gt;