Participant Outcome Measures Research Articles

Development and validation of an overuse injury questionnaire for youth athletes: The Youth Overuse Injury Questionnaire

ObjectiveTo develop and validate the Youth Overuse Injury Questionnaire (YOvIQ). DesignA cross-sectional study. SettingOnline platforms. ParticipantsTwo content experts (in sports injury epidemiology and in sports science and medicine) and seven end-users (youth volleyball athletes) provided feedback during development of the YOvIQ. 227 competitive youth athletes across 14 different sports assessed the psychometric properties of the YOvIQ. Main outcome measuresParticipants completed both YOvIQ and the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O2) for anatomical areas of the shoulder, elbow, lower back, knee, and ankle/foot. Validity was assessed via convergent validity. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency estimation and interclass correlation coefficient. ResultsFollowing feedback from content experts, examples and quantitative symbolization were added to the options in YOvIQ, with positive feedback from end-users. Convergent validity between YOvIQ and the OSTRC-O2 was demonstrated with non-significant differences (P ≥ .05) and significant correlations (P < 0.001) for prevalence and severity scores. YOvIQ demonstrated internal consistency for prevalence (Cronbach's alpha coefficient >0.70) and moderate-to-good reliability for severity scores (ICC: 0.51 to 0.88) for shoulder, lower back, and knee. ConclusionsThe YOvIQ is a valid and reliable instrument to identify overuse injuries to the shoulder, lower back, and knee in youth athletes.

Walking performance in individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis—possible outcome measures and assessment of known-group validity

BACKGROUND CONTEXTOne of the primary goals of treatments received by individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication is to improve walking ability. Thus, a thorough and valid assessment of walking ability in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis is needed. Duration of continuous walking and steps per day could be relevant when evaluating walking ability in daily living. PURPOSETo describe and evaluate a method for estimating continuous walking periods in daily living and to evaluate the known-group validity of steps per day in individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis. STUDY DESIGNThis is a cross-sectional observational study. PATIENT SAMPLEThe study contains three study groups: individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis, individuals with low back pain, and a background population from the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS). OUTCOME MEASURESParticipants in all three study groups wore an accelerometer on the thigh for seven days. METHODSAccelerometer data were processed to summarize the continuous walking periods according to their length: the number of short (4–9 seconds), moderate (10–89 seconds), and extended (≥90 seconds) continuous walking periods per day, and the number of steps per day. Results from the three groups were compared using negative binomial regression with lumbar spinal stenosis as the reference level. RESULTSContinuous walking periods of moderate length were observed 1.48 (95% CI 1.27, 1.72) times more often in individuals from the background population than in individuals with LSS. Continuous walking periods of extended length were observed 1.53 (95% CI 1.13, 2.06) times more often by individuals with low back pain and 1.60 (95% CI 1.29, 1.99) times more often by individuals from the background population. The number of steps per day was 1.22 (95% CI 1.03, 1.46) times larger in individuals with LBP and 1.35 (95% CI 1.20, 1.53) times larger in individuals from background population. CONCLUSIONSThe impact of neurogenic claudication on walking ability in daily living seems possible to describe by continuous walking periods along with steps per day. The results support known-group validity of steps per day. This is the next step toward a clinically relevant and comprehensive assessment of walking in daily living in individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis.

A Novel, Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit for Stroke Survivors: Validity, Acceptability, and Usability

ObjectiveTo establish the concurrent validity, acceptability, and sensor optimization of a consumer-grade, wearable, multi-sensor system to capture quantity and quality metrics of mobility and upper limb movements in stroke survivors. DesignSingle-session, cross-sectional. SettingClinical research laboratory. ParticipantsThirty chronic stroke survivors (age 57 (10) years; 33% female) with mild to severe motor impairments participated. InterventionsNot Applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants donned 5 sensors and performed standardized assessments of mobility and upper limb (UL) movement. True/false, positive/negative time in active movement for the UL were calculated and compared to criterion-standards using an accuracy rate. Bland-Altman plots and linear regression models were used to establish concurrent validity of UL movement counts, step counts, and stance time symmetry of MiGo against established criterion-standard measures. Acceptability and sensor optimization were assessed through an end-user survey and decision matrix. ResultsMobility metrics showed excellent association with criterion-standards for step counts (video: r=0.988, P<.001, IMU: r=0.921, P<.001) and stance-time symmetry (r=0.722, P<.001). In the UL, movement counts showed excellent to good agreement (paretic: r=0.849, P<.001, nonparetic: r=0.672, P<.001). Accuracy of active movement time was 85.2% (paretic) and 88.0% (nonparetic) UL. Most participants (63.3%) had difficulty donning/doffing the sensors. Acceptability was high (4.2/5). ConclusionsThe sensors demonstrated excellent concurrent validity for mobility metrics and UL movements of stroke survivors. Acceptability of the system was high, but alternative wristbands should be considered.

Clinimetric Properties of the Working Alliance Inventory and Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire: Screening Options for Musculoskeletal Pain

ObjectiveTo investigate clinimetric properties of 2 surveys used to evaluate common factors in the patient-provider relation and present screener options for the assessment of common factors and report their correlation with pain and functional outcomes. DesignObservational cohort. SettingOutpatient physical therapy. Participants100 individuals (58% women, mean age=34, SD=15; N=100) presenting to physical therapy with musculoskeletal pain in the following regions: 44% lower extremity, 36% spine, 19% upper extremity, 1% undetermined. InterventionNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants completed the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) explored factor structure of the WAI and CEQ. Internal consistency was evaluated for scales derived from items retained based on factor loadings. Finally, options for screener tools were proposed and assessed based on their correlation to original surveys as well as pain and functional outcomes. ResultsThe data supported a 4-factor structure for the surveys. Some WAI items were excluded due to cross-loading. The derived four-factor scales demonstrated strong correlations with the original surveys (r=.89-.99) and exhibited good internal consistency (α=.824-.875). Two screening options were suggested: 1 retaining 11 of the original 18 items and the other comprising just 3 items. Both screening tools correlated with the original surveys and showed associations with improvements in pain and functional outcomes (r=-.21-.34). ConclusionThe proposed screeners provide concise measurement options to facilitate use in clinical practice. These tools can aid in facilitating patient communication specifically addressing patient expectation and understanding the tasks required to enact behavior change.

Dual-Task Assessments for Predicting Future Falls in Neurologic Conditions: A Systematic Review.

This review investigated the ability of dual-task tests to predict falls in people with neurological disorders. Databases were searched to identify prospective cohort studies that analyzed dual-task testing and falls in people with neurological disorders. Reviewers screened studies for eligibility and extracted key information like participant characteristics, intervention details, outcome measures, and significant outcomes. Reviewers assessed methodological quality of eligible studies using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria. Eighteen studies of strong methodological qualified with 1750 participants were included in the review. Dual-task performances were predictive of future falls in people with Huntington's disease, spinal cord injury, and moderate cognitive impairment, although only one independent study was included for each disability type. In people with stroke, 37% of eligible studies showed dual-task assessments to be predictive of future falls. No dual-task tests predicted prospective falling in people with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Complex dual tasks seemed to be more predictive of fall risk than simpler dual tasks. Results suggest that disability type, severity of disability, and task complexity play a role in the predictive ability of dual-task assessments and future falling in neurological disorders. Future studies may benefit from using this review to guide the design of effective dual-task assessments and fall interventions.

A comparison of energy expenditure and perceived exertion between standard axillary crutches, knee scooters, and a hands-free crutch.

Ambulation using standard axillary crutches (SACs) is associated with increased energy expenditure (EE) and decreased ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Using a hands-free crutch (HFC) displays potential for easier completion of ADLs and reduction in energy requirements. To determine if a HFC elicits lower EE and heart rate (HR), improvement in performance of ADLs, and decreased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to common ambulatory devices. A randomized crossover-controlled trial. University community. Twenty healthy college students. Participants completed a 6-minute walk test at 50 m/min, an ADLs course, and a two-flight stair climb with SACs, HFC, knee scooter (KS), and unassisted ambulation (UA). The order of trial conditions was randomized. EE, HR, time to complete ADLs course and stair climb, and RPE during each condition were obtained. One-way analyses of variance were performed to compare EE, HR response, and RPE between the assistive devices and UA. In all outcomes UA resulted in lower EE, HR, and RPE compared to all the assistive devices (p < .05). For the ADLs course, EE was the same for the three assistive devices, whereas HR was significantly lower for HFC compared to SACs and KS (p < .05). RPE for HFC and KS was lower than SACs (p < .05). For the 6MWT, each device significantly differed from the other devices for EE, HR, and RPE, with KS eliciting the lowest values, followed by HFC. For the stair climbing task, HFC elicited lower EE, HR, and RPE than SACs. Fourteen participants indicated their overall preference for HFCs. In individuals prescribed weight-bearing restrictions, using a HFC may offer an easier and more preferred alternative to more commonly used SACs during ambulation, stair climbing, and other ADLs.

A Multifaceted Approach to Interpreting Reaction Time Deficits After Adolescent Concussion.

Reaction time (RT) is a critical element of return to participation (RTP), and impairments have been linked to subsequent injury after a concussion. Current RT assessments have limitations in clinical feasibility and in the identification of subtle deficits after concussion symptom resolution. To examine the utility of RT measurements (clinical drop stick, simple stimulus-response, single-task Stroop, and dual-task Stroop) to differentiate between adolescents with concussion and uninjured control individuals at initial assessment and RTP. Prospective cohort study. A pediatric sports medicine center associated with a regional tertiary care hospital. Twenty-seven adolescents with a concussion (mean age = 14.8 ± 2.1 years; 52% female; tested 7.0 ± 3.3 days postconcussion) and 21 uninjured control individuals (mean age = 15.5 ± 1.6 years; 48% female). Participants completed the Post-Concussion Symptoms Inventory (PCSI) and a battery of RT tests: clinical drop stick, simple stimulus-response, single-task Stroop, and dual-task Stroop. The concussion group demonstrated slower clinical drop stick (β = 58.8; 95% CI = 29.2, 88.3; P < .001) and dual-task Stroop (β = 464.2; 95% CI = 318.4, 610.0; P < .001) RT measures at the initial assessment than the uninjured control group. At 1-month follow up, the concussion group displayed slower clinical drop stick (238.9 ± 25.9 versus 188.1 ± 21.7 milliseconds; P < .001; d = 2.10), single-task Stroop (1527.8 ± 204.5 versus 1319.8 ± 133.5 milliseconds; P = .001; d = 1.20), and dual-task Stroop (1549.9 ± 264.7 versus 1341.5 ± 114.7 milliseconds; P = .002; d = 1.04) RT than the control group, respectively, while symptom severity was similar between groups (7.4 ± 11.2 versus 5.3 ± 6.5; P = .44; d = 0.24). Classification accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) values were highest for the clinical drop stick (85.1% accuracy, AUC = 0.86, P < .001) and dual-task Stroop (87.2% accuracy, AUC = 0.92, P < .002) RT variables at initial evaluation. Adolescents recovering from concussion may have initial RT deficits that persist despite symptom recovery. The clinical drop stick and dual-task Stroop RT measures demonstrated high clinical utility given high classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to detect postconcussion RT deficits and may be considered for initial and RTP assessment.

Utilisation of community healthcare services among older adults with disabilities in Luohu district, Shenzhen: a community-based survey

ObjectiveChina faces the challenge of an ageing population with disabilities. Community healthcare centres (CHCs) serve as frontline community healthcare providers for older adults with and without disabilities. Despite their significance,...

Are retired persons fitter in their psychological capacities than unemployed? A cross-sectional representative study in Germany

ObjectivesBeyond specific aspects of numerical or verbal intelligence or cognitive speed, a broad range of psychological capacities are generally important in school, job and social life for all age groups....

“Light through Life”– an inter-disciplinary long-term integrated health promotion programme for overweight and obese people

Introduction/Background: In 2019, around half of the Austrian adult population was overweight or obese, and this has only worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. While research is clear that sustainable weight loss needs a long-term and holistic approach to support lifestyle changes and address the underlying causes of overweight and obesity, most weight loss programmes offer only short-term and single intervention solutions, with a focus on either raising physical activity or changing nutritional habits. To raise the potential for success and translate research into practice, the Austrian Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries developed “Light through Life”, a long-term integrated health promotion programme, which started in January 2022.&#x0D; Who is it for? The programme was developed by an interdisciplinary team of the social insurance fund and is offered to their adult insurees, who are overweight or obese. They can register themselves, be transferred by their GP or continue after other health promotion and rehabilitation programmes offered by the social insurance fund. The programme itself consists of three phases, which are designed to progressively enable participants to not only manage their weight, but self-sufficiently design their own healthy lifestyle. Regular monitoring, participant feedback and an independent evaluation ensure that a continuous improvement process takes into account the needs of the participants and adjust the programme accordingly.&#x0D; What did you do? “Light through Life” aims to strengthen health literacy and self-management skills of the participants by focussing on four themes: clinical aspects, physical activity, nutrition, and mental health. In addition they receive ongoing support through prevention coordinators. The first phase is a 6-months intensive basic programme, which combines face to face lectures with practical classes covering the four topics. The focus is on creating an understanding of what influences their health and thus their weight and how to manage it differently. The participants learn in groups to create a community of practice. The programme encourages participants to set their own goals and monitor them. In the second phase, the year- long “Pro” programme the support offered changes to coaching and more person-focussed training. In this phase, participants should be able to manage themselves, with thematic workshops and trainings reinforcing the learned content or addressing specific needs. Participation throughout the programme is voluntary.&#x0D; What results did you get? What impact did you have? The programme was introduced with an independent evaluation in place. The evaluation uses a mixed methods approach, analysing both process and outcome measures for participants and professionals. The comprehensive quantitative data collected through regular clinical examinations and an extensive lifestyle questionnaire will enable a better understanding of which elements work and which need improvement. A first, preliminary analysis of the baseline data and after 6 months shows weight and waist circumference reductions in all groups safe obese men (above BMI of 36). More detailed analyses also including mental health and e.g. the urban-rural divide will be available for the conference.&#x0D; With a comprehensive analysis of the first year of the programme, recommendations will be formulated.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Tōku Oranga: the subjective wellbeing and psychological functioning of postgraduate and medical students in Ōtautahi Christchurch.

Postgraduate and medical students are at risk of psychological distress and burnout, which can cause significant functional and occupational impairment. We aimed to report subjective wellbeing, psychological distress and burnout in postgraduate and medical students in Ōtautahi Christchurch, Aotearoa (New Zealand), and identify any associations between participant and course information and outcome measures including exposure to major earthquakes in 2010/2011 and the 2019 terrorist attack. A self-report online survey was completed by 140 students between November 2019 and March 2020. Life satisfaction, psychological distress and burnout were primary outcomes. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariable analysis. High levels of psychological distress were present in both student groups. Burnout was reported by 78% of respondents. There were no significant associations found between exposure to the Christchurch earthquakes or terrorist attack with primary outcomes. Personality factors, resilience and perceived support and success were weakly associated with wellbeing, distress and burnout. Postgraduates and medical students reported high levels of psychological distress and burnout. The earthquakes and terrorist attack do not appear to be associated with negative effects in these cohorts. Personality and resilience characteristics may assist in predicting students at risk of morbidity and evaluating potentially relevant interventions.

Examination of Risk Factors Associated With Falls and Injurious Falls in People With Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Nationwide Study

ObjectiveTo provide an update on risk factors associated with falls and injurious falls among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in the United States. DesignNationwide cross-sectional web-based survey. SettingCommunity setting. ParticipantsAdult PwMS (n=965). InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants completed self-report surveys of demographics, clinical data, concerns about falling, occurrence of falls, factors associated with falls, and injurious falls in the past 6 months. Participants also completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures of depression, pain interference, and physical function, and the Fatigue Severity Scale. ResultsThe most common self-reported factors associated with falls included personal factors such as poor balance (75%), muscle weakness (54%), and/or fatigue (35%), environmental factors such as general surface conditions (37%) and/or distraction (15%), and activities-related factors such as urgency to complete a task (35%) and/or multitasking (27%). Logistic regression analyses indicated that higher fatigue severity (OR=1.19, P<.01) and higher pain interference (OR=1.02, P<.01) were associated with higher odds of experiencing at least 1 fall. Any level of concern, even minimal concern about falling was also significantly associated with a higher odd of experiencing at least 1 fall (ORs range 2.78 - 3.95, all P<.01). Fair to very high concerns about falling compared with no concern about falling (ORs range=5.17 – 10.26, all P<.05) was significantly associated with higher odds of sustaining an injurious fall. ConclusionsFindings suggest falls prevention approaches in PwMS should be multifactorial and include personal, environmental, and activities-related factors. Particular attention on fatigue, pain, and concern about falling may be needed to reduce incidence of falls and injurious falls in this population.

A pilot RCT of an online mindfulness‐based cognitive intervention for chemsex

AbstractObjectivesChemsex is a term used to describe sex acts using psychoactive substances to enhance the sexual experience/arousal and predominates among men who have sex with men (MSM). Chemsex drugs predominantly include γ‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and analogues, methamphetamine, mephedrone and erectile dysfunction agents (e.g., Sildenafil). Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combines cognitive therapy and mindfulness and has been shown to help support both sexual functioning and methamphetamine use. However, limited clinical trials have evaluated the use of cognitive mindfulness for chemsex in MSM. The present study assessed the effectiveness of an online mindfulness‐based cognitive intervention (MBCI) among 29 MSM aged 18–30 years engaged in chemsex.Design and SettingA mixed methods approach consisted of a randomised waitlist‐controlled trial and a content analysis reviewing participants' feedback on MBCI. The design of the intervention was based on a behavioural taxonomy mapped to selected behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to support the reliability of MBCI in its delivery.Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants completed assessments measuring levels of chemsex, mindfulness, sexual self‐efficacy and well‐being, taken at Weeks 0, 8 and 12 (follow‐up).ResultsParticipants reported lower levels of chemsex and higher levels of cognitive mindfulness, sexual self‐efficacy and well‐being postintervention and at the 12‐week follow‐up. The content analysis feedback responses yielded favourable outcomes, suggesting that participants developed a sense of self‐compassion, confidence and positive identity.ConclusionsThe MBCI effectively reduced chemsex; however, this study warrants replication with a larger, more diverse group of participants.

Pain, Balance-Confidence, Functional Mobility, and Reach Are Associated With Risk of Recurrent Falls Among Adults With Lower-Limb Amputation

ObjectiveThe study evaluated whether pain intensity and extent, balance-confidence, functional mobility, and balance (eg, functional reach) are potential risk factors for recurrent falls among adults with a lower-limb amputation. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingResearch laboratory. ParticipantsEighty-three adults with unilateral lower-limb amputation that occurred >1 year prior (26 transfemoral- and 57 transtibial-level amputation; 44.6% women; 51.8% traumatic cause of amputation; N=83). InterventionNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants reported on the number of falls in the past year, as well as pain intensity in the low back, residual, and sound limbs. Balance-confidence (per the Activities-Specific Balance-Confidence Scale [ABC]), functional mobility (per the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility ([PLUS-M]), and balance (per the Functional Reach and modified Four Square Step Tests) were obtained. ResultsAfter considering non-modifiable covariates, greater extent of pain, less balance-confidence, worse self-reported mobility, and reduced prosthetic-side reach were factors associated with recurrent fall risk. Adults reporting pain in the low back and both lower-limbs had 6.5 times the odds of reporting recurrent falls as compared with peers without pain. A 1-point increase in ABC score or PLUS-M T score, or 1-cm increase in prosthetic-side reaching distance, was associated with a 7.3%, 9.4%, and 7.1% decrease in odds of reporting recurrent falls in the past year, respectively. ConclusionsOf the 83 adults, 36% reported recurrent falls in the past year. Presence of pain in the low back and both lower-limbs, less balance-confidence, worse PLUS-M score, and less prosthetic-side reaching distance were identified as modifiable factors associated with an increased odd of recurrent falls.

Implementing paediatric patient-reported outcome measures in outpatient asthma clinics: a feasibility assessment study

ObjectiveImplementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is limited in paediatric routine clinical care. The KidsPRO programme has been codesigned to facilitate the implementation of PROMs in paediatric healthcare settings. Therefore,...

Calf muscle abilities are related to sprint performance in male Rugby Union players

ObjectivesTo examine the strength of the relationship between plantarflexor power and strength-endurance metrics and 10-m sprint times in male Rugby Union players. A secondary aim was to examine the strength of the relationship within calf muscle metrics. DesignObservational cross-sectional correlational. SettingField-based. ParticipantsSixteen male Rugby Union players in the National Provincial Championship. Main outcome measuresParticipants completed three single-leg calf muscle tests: bodyweight power, weighted power, and strength-endurance. Data were recorded using the Calf Raise application. Three-to-four days later, average and best 10-m sprint performances were collected using timing lights. ResultsThere were large significant correlations between 10-m sprint performances (average and best times) and calf muscle power (weighted) and strength-endurance (total displacement and work) metrics (r = −0.503 to −0.628). There were large significant correlations between bodyweight and weighted power, weighted power and strength-endurance (total displacement and work), and most strength-endurance metrics (r = 0.520 to 0.943). ConclusionsOur findings emphasise the importance of triceps surae muscle power and strength-endurance for maximal-effort accelerations and sprint performances in Rugby Union. Our data indicate that weighted power and total work from strength-endurance tests are the most useful metrics for further investigation in the context of short sprints and acceleration.

Symptoms, symptom severity, and contact with primary health care among nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients: a Norwegian web-based survey

Objective Dependent on clinical setting, geography and timing during the pandemic, variable symptoms of COVID-19 have been reported. Our aim was to describe self-reported symptom intensity and contact with primary health care among nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients. Design Web-based survey. Setting Norway between March 2020 and July 2021. Subjects Adults in home isolation. Main outcome measures Participants reported possible COVID-19 symptoms, duration of symptoms, score of symptom severity (Likert scale 0–3), risk factors, comorbidity, and questions regarding follow-up and information from primary health care. Results Of 477 participants, 379 (79%) had PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 324 (68%) were females, and 90% were younger than 60 years. Most common symptoms were “fatigue and/or muscle ache” (80%), nasal symptoms (79%), and headache (73%). The mean severity of symptoms was generally low. Symptoms with the highest mean scores were “fatigue and/or muscle ache” (1.51, SD 1.02) and headache (1.27 (SD 1.00). Mean scores for severity ranged from 0.28 (nausea) to 1.51 (fatigue and/or muscle ache). Women reported higher symptom scores than men. For “affected sense of smell and/or taste”, patients either reported a high symptom score (24%) or no affliction at all (49%). A third of the participants (32%) were followed-up by primary care health personnel, and almost 40% had sought or received information about COVID-19 from general practitioners. Conclusion The mean severity of symptoms among nonhospitalized adult COVID-19 patients was generally low. We found large variations in the occurrence and severity of symptoms between patients.

Emergency Skills in Athletic Training: Perceived Knowledge and Continuing Education

Context Continuing education (CE) in health care, particularly in athletic training, often fails to meet the needs of its participants. Rapid increases in available information make it necessary for CE to be delivered as efficiently as possible. Objective To explore whether an interactive teaching strategy and various characteristics of athletic trainers affected the perceived knowledge of emergency skills among certified athletic trainers. Design Quasiexperimental study with a single-group pretest-posttest design. Patients or Other Participants Certified athletic trainers (N = 81) at the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers' Association Annual Meeting and Symposium. Intervention(s) Emergency skills practice session for anaphylaxis, opioid overdose, diabetes, and asthma. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed a preintervention perceived knowledge questionnaire (PKQ) that included background information questions and completed a postintervention PKQ. Results A statistically significant difference (P &amp;lt; .001) in PKQ scores from pretest to posttest was found with pretest scores being lower than posttest scores (89.59 and 103.02, respectively). Age and years of experience had a weak correlation with PKQ pretest scores (rs = .32 and rs = .33, respectively). Participant characteristics including additional certification (P = .012), anaphylaxis experience (P = .036), opioid overdose experience (P &amp;lt; .001), diabetes experience (P = .025), and combined emergency experience (P = .029) had significantly different pretest PKQ scores. Conclusions The use of an interactive teaching strategy in CE and certain athletic trainer characteristics significantly affected athletic trainers' perceived knowledge of emergency skills.

Physical activity and self-rated health during retirement transition: a multitrajectory analysis of concurrent changes among public sector employees

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate concurrent changes in physical activity and self-rated health during retirement transition over 4 years by multivariate trajectory analysis and to examine whether...

Experiential Aspects of Participation in Employment and Mobility for Adults With Physical Disabilities: Testing Cross-Sectional Models of Contextual Influences and Well-Being Outcomes

ObjectiveTo use structural equation modeling to test research- and theory-informed models of potential predictors and outcomes of subjective experiences of employment and mobility participation in a national sample of people with physical disabilities. DesignCross-sectional survey. SettingCanada. ParticipantsEnglish or French-speaking adults with a physical impairment affecting mobility and restricting activities or participation, and who participated in employment (n=457) or mobility (n=711) life domains. InterventionsN/A. Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants completed standardized measures of perceived health, and employment-specific and/or mobility-specific measures of perceived abilities, social support, accessibility and policies (predictor variables); the Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation (MeEAP) in employment and/or mobility; and standardized measures of emotional well-being, social well-being and life satisfaction (outcome variables). ResultsAnalyses using structural equation modeling showed that in both employment and mobility domains, perceived health, abilities, social support, and accessibility were positively related to experiential aspects of participation. Participation experiences were positively related to social well-being, emotional well-being, and life satisfaction. ConclusionsResults support and extend current theorizing on participation experiences among adults with physical disabilities. Intrapersonal and environmental factors may play a role in optimizing participation experiences in employment and mobility which, in turn, may lead to better well-being and life satisfaction. These results emphasize the importance of conceptualizing participation from an experiential perspective and provide a basis for advancing theory and practice to understand and improve the participation experiences and well-being of adults living with physical disabilities.