Outboard Engine Research Articles

From Copra Sequestration to Outboard Engine Trawling: Changes in the Carbon Footprint of Ontong Java Atoll, Solomon Islands

ABSTRACT The colonial economy of Ontong Java Atoll, Solomon Islands, was centred on the sale of sun-dried copra. Atoll livelihoods depended on the ‘solar income’ freely available for growing coconuts and drying copra, and for sailing the outrigger canoes used for transport and fishing. The population retained self-sufficiency through its renewable resources of taro, coconut, and fish, enabling it also to sequester significant amounts of carbon in the form of coconuts. Ontong Java livelihoods were transformed in the 1970s by a boom in selling bêche-de-mer (holothurians, sea cucumbers) to Chinese markets in Southeast Asia. The resulting influx of money allowed more food and fuel to be imported and led to a massive increase in the atoll’s carbon footprint, as quantified in this article. The people’s eagerness to adopt the new ‘energy slaves’ of fibreglass canoes, outboard engines, and petrol reduced their self-sufficiency. These changes caused physical and ecological damage to marine ecosystems and also to the woodlands that provide fuel wood. The atoll’s economy is now more energy intensive and less sustainable, both unintended side effects of its fossil-fuel-based ‘energy slavery’. The very existence of atolls is now under threat because of climate change and sea-level rise, despite their total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions being both recent and miniscule.

Determinants of Catch And Catch Per Unit Effort Of Motorboat And Outboard Motorboat Fishers In Bulukumba Regency

Motor and outboard boats are the main means by which fishersmen exploit the fisheries resources in these waters. The success of the catch and the efficiency of the fishermen's efforts are strongly influenced by various factors related to the characteristics of the boat, the fishing gear and the condition of the aquatic environment. This study aims to analyse the determinants of catch and catch per unit effort of motorboat and outboard motorboat fishers in bulukumba regency. Data collection techniques used were observation, interview and documentation. The number of samples was 81 modern fishermen (juragan fishermen) of motorboats out of 407 population using the Slovin formula method and 81 outboard motorboat fishermen out of 81 population using the area proportional random sampling method. Data analysis techniques used are statistical tests, classical assumptions tests using SPSS 25 and CPUE analysis. The study found that the length of fishing (X1), volume of diesel (X2), age of fishermen (X4), and fishing experience (X6) had a positive impact on the production of motorboat fishermen's catch (Y1) when examined independently. On the other hand, the number of labour (X3) and formal education of fishermen (X5) were negatively correlated with catch production. The duration of sea time (X7) and the power of the outboard engine (X8) have a positive impact, whereas the volume of petrol (X9), age of fishermen (X10), formal education of fishermen (X11), sea experience (X12), and number of fishing gear used (X13) have a negative impact on the catch rate of outboard motorboat fishermen (Y2). Based on the CPUE (Catch per Unit Effort) value, there has been a fluctuation of motorboat and outboard motorboat fishermen from 2017 to 2021. The average value per year, from 2017 to 2021, was 389.9914kg/trip for motorboat fishermen and 46.66028kg/trip for outboard motorboats. It is recommended to increase the number of fishing gear, particularly trawl gear, and transportation facilities in fishing. Fishers should be incentivised to utilise fishing equipment that is appropriate for the specific kind of fish and local aquatic environments in order to enhance catches and reduce negative impacts on fishing resources.

Use Of The Yamaha F100B Outboard Engine As a Populsion On The Rinca and Bawean Survey Boats

The aim of this research is to determine the use of the Yamaha F100B outboard engine as a propulsion for the Rinca and Bawean survey boats. The research was carried out within one month, namely August to September 2023. This research was carried out using practical field work methods. The variables in this research were the specification,work process, fuel efficiency system, superiority, and environmental impact. The method in this research uses the observation method, namely the method of collecting data by recording directly while in the field. The research results show that the use of a Yamaha F100B outboard motor as a propulsion is able to provide adequate thrust for the survey vessel, with efficient fuel consumption. In the context of survey vessels, the reliability and speed of these motors are important factors in supporting successful marine survey operations.

Some warning signs detected in coastal pelagic fisheries of the west coast of Sri Lanka: Declining trend of <em>Amblygaster sirm</em> suggesting the need for immediate management initiatives

Coastal fisheries, mainly characterized by small pelagic species, are significant on the west coast of Sri Lanka in terms of livelihood and food security. However, currently, the fishery has faced numerous challenges, particularly with the stock depletion allied with poor management practices. The present study was carried out using the time series data of 2001–2020 on the west coast of Sri Lanka representing four fisheries districts - Kalutara, Colombo, Negombo, and Chilaw - to explore the present status and the tendency of the fishery towards management considerations. The analysis was based on the outboard engine fiber-reinforced plastic boats (OFRP) with small meshed gillnets, which are the main boat gear combination that exists in the fishery. The recent five-year landings within the study period indicated that the highest average catch rates resulted in the onset of the southwest monsoon and extended until the end of the northeast monsoon. The catch rates of fishery exhibited greater inter-annual fluctuations during a two-decade period, with an average of 66.7 ± 17.3 kg per trip from 2011 to 2020. Over the past two decades, the Mean Trophic Level (MTL) of the coastal fish landings ranged from 3.13 to 3.62 and showed a declining trend with the forecast of 3.38 for 2022-2026. Moreover, the catch rates and the relative contribution of Amblygaster sirm, one of the main target species in the country, showed a declining trend over the past two decades while indicating the need for immediate management initiatives.

Electric boat underwater radiated noise and its potential impact on species of conservation interest

Electric boats are thought to be noiseless, but in-situ measurements are generally rare. The Underwater Radiated Noise (URN) of 8-m Trimaran Pontoon Boat with two outboard electric engines was measured in the Miramare Marine Protected Area (Trieste, Italy), together with the URN of a fibreglass 5-m boat, with a outboard gasoline engine, for comparisons. International standards and guidelines for shallow waters were considered. URN were provided in one-third octave band and in narrow band spectra. The electric boat produced a low input of underwater noise at low frequencies. Given a low-frequency hearing sensitivity, the listening space reduction (LSR) was lower when generated by the electric than by combustion engine boat for the brown meagre, a local Teleost fish. No difference was found for the bottlenose dolphin LSR although continuous, tonal, high frequency components generated by the electric boat are expected to be highly detrimental for the bottlenose dolphin.

Подача воды во впускной коллектор подвесного четырехтактного лодочного мотора

The tangible negative sides of small vessels with outboard outboard motors include high fuel consumption in relation to the generated power, as well as their low environmental characteristics, expressed in harmful emissions, harmful discharges. When assessing the impact of the impact of the entire world fleet on the environment, small-sized small vessels should not be neglected because of their massive prevalence. Experimental data aimed at improving the environmental characteristics of an outboard outboard motor by reducing harmful emissions by injecting water in the fine-dispersion phase into the suction manifold of the engine are considered. The environmental characteristics of water supply to the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard outboard motor are analyzed; regulatory and technical doc-umentation concerning the limitation of harmful emissions on small vessels with outboard outboard motors is investi-gated; the existing methods of water supply to the intake manifold of four-stroke engines are considered and a patent search is conducted. A device generating a fine-dispersed fog-like cloud was installed on the outboard motor engine, an experimental assessment of the content of harmful emissions in exhaust gases was carried out in terms of components such as carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides when water is supplied to the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard motor by laboratory measurements in a small experimental pool and outdoors. The content of harmful emissions in exhaust gases is estimated when water is supplied to the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard motor. The ecological effect of installing a water supply device into the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard outboard motor is analyzed. A four-stroke outboard outboard motor with a capacity of 4 hp and a change in its environmental characteristics when water is injected into the cylinder are investigated.

Features and Effects of Microplastic Collecting System for Outboard Engine

Features and Effects of Microplastic Collecting System for Outboard Engine

Power performance and emissions analysis of outboard diesel engines by use of waste cooking oil biodiesel

Analytically determining the fuel consumption and power output of outboard engines of a higher speed little planned boat is difficult. The goal of this study is to see how waste cooking oil (WCO) affects engine efficiency and emissions when used in varying amounts in an outboard fuel engine. Use of waste cooking oil biofuel culminated in lower CO emissions but increased NOx emissions. In addition, waste cooking oil biodiesel indicates a slight increase in specific fuel consumption which may be tolerable considering the decreasing in exhaust emissions.

Tribological, Oxidation and Thermal Analysis of Advanced Microwave–Hydrothermal Synthesised Ti3C2Tx MXene as Additives in Outboard Engine Oil

In today’s fast, globalised world, lubrication has become essential in enhancing engine efficiency, including in the marine sector. While the number of fishing vessels increased, so did the environmental pollution issues, due to inefficient engines. An outboard engine oil’s tribological, oxidation and thermal conductivity behaviour play a crucial role in improving the quality of an outboard engine’s life. In this research, Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoparticles with different interlayer spacing were synthesised via an advanced microwave–hydrothermal approach. Later, the nanoparticles were dispersed in TC-W outboard engine oil to formulate the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanolubricant with different concentrations. The results show that nanolubricant with a 0.01 wt.% Ti3C2Tx MXene concentration with higher interlayer spacing reduced the coefficient of friction, and the average wear scar diameter by 14.5% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to the base oil. Furthermore, the nanolubricant with a 0.01 wt.% concentration of the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoparticle showed an improvement of 54.8% in oxidation induction time compared to the base oil. In addition, MXene nanolubricant established a more than 50% improvement in thermal conductivity compared to the base oil.

Potential impact of offshore human activities on gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus)

Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) reactions to offshore human activities have been relatively well studied compared to those of other mysticetes. Studies of short-term behavioural responses to underwater noise associated with aircraft, ships and seismic explorations indicate a 0.5 probability that whales will respond to continuous broadband noise when sound levels exceed ca 120dB2 and to intermittent noise when levels exceed ca 170dB, usually by changing their swimming course to avoid the source. Gray whales were ‘startled’ at the sudden onset of noise during playback studies, but demonstrated a flexibility in swimming and calling behaviour that may allow them to circumvent increased noise levels. Whales may be ‘harassed’ by noise from large commercial vessels, especially in shipping lanes or near busy ports. Gray whales sometimes change course and alter their swimming speed and respiratory patterns when followed by whalewatching boats. Conversely, some whales swim toward small skiffs deployed from whalewatching boats in breeding lagoons, seemingly attracted by the noise of idling outboard engines. Reported gray whale reactions to aircraft are varied and seem related to ongoing whale behaviour and aircraft altitude. Whale response to research involving tagging and biopsy sampling appears to be short term. Gray whales were seen swimming through surface oil from the Exxon Valdez oil spill along the Alaskan coast and showed only partial avoidance to natural oil seeps off the California coast. Laboratory tests suggest that gray whale baleen, and possibly skin, may be resistant to damage by oil, but spilled oil or oil dispersant in a primary feeding area could negatively affect gray whales by contaminating benthic prey. Gray whales are sometimes injured or killed in collisions with vessels or entanglement in fishing gear. Concern about the cumulative long-term impact of offshore human activities is particularly acute in the Southern California Bight, where many activities are often concurrent.

The noise profile and hearing impact of commercial fiberglass reinforced plastic speed boats in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Background: Hearing impairment may result from tourism-related vehicle engine noise in Port Blair, Andaman, and Nicobar Islands. Aims and Objectives: Measure noise levels and test commercial fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) speedboat operators for hearing loss. Materials and Methods: Hearing loss and noise impacts were checked in a total of 145 male crew members and workers exposed to commercial FRP-speedboat outboard engine noise. 18–50-year-olds with 1–20 years of experience participated. To detect hearing loss, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) risk indicators that could appear as a 4 kHz noise notch and the existence of high-frequency sloping hearing loss were detected using pure tone audiometry. The level of noise exposure was measured in conjunction with a questionnaire to assess an individual’s general knowledge of the effects of noise and hearing loss. Results: A 4 kHz noise notch, some high-frequency slope hearing loss, and an overall hearing loss rate of 42.1% were found in 145 participants. Out of these, 15.9% had the most common bilateral notch. Bilateral high-frequency sloping was 10.3%, Unilateral high-frequency sloping was 4.9%, and unilateral 4 kHz notch was 11.0%. According to the questionnaire, research participants are shockingly unaware of noise-induced hearing loss. The FRP Speedboat outboard engine’s measured noise level ranged from 79.7 to 89.4 dB (A). Conclusion: The FRP Speedboat crews were at risk of hearing loss, specifically NIHL with continuous noise exposure. High frequency sloping hearing loss, mild to moderate hearing loss, and a substantial 4 kHz noise notch are found in noise-exposed employees. Awareness is needed to prevent irreversible hearing loss.

Economics of Artisanal Fish Production in Gokana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

The study economically analyzed artisanal fish production in Gokana Local Government Area (LGA) of Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the artisanal fishers; determined the profitability of artisanal fishing; examined the technical, allocative and economic efficiency of artisanal fishers; and identified the constraints militating against artisanal fish production. Multistage sampling technique was employed in selecting cross-sectional data from a total of 140 fishers in the area. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analysing the data for the study. Gross margin analysis indicated that the fishers earned N2, 060,277.50 (5,679.84 USD), per year and net returns of N1, 891,110.83 (5,213.47 USD) per annum with an average of N157, 592.65 (434.46 USD), per month. The benefit-cost ratio was 2.71 with rate of returns as 71%. The maximum likelihood estimated for the technical efficiency of the fishers indicates that gears, kerosene, bait, outboard engine were significant in the fish catch function (P<0.01). Age, gender, household size and mode of operations were significant factors defining the level of efficiency as revealed by the inefficiency functions of the fishers. The mean technical efficiency, average allocative efficiency and average economic efficiency recorded 0.77, 0.91 and 0.82, respectively. The study concludes that artisanal fish production is profitable and lucrative. The study recommends that in order to raise the level of efficiency amongst fishers, government and financial institutions should grant more credit facility to practicing fishers as lack of funds and inadequate capital are constraining factors facing the fishers.

Os efeitos do represamento fluvial sobre pescadores artesanais no Médio Rio Tocantins, Brasil

Abstract: Aim The present study investigated the social impacts caused by the construction of a large hydropower dam (Lajeado Dam) on artisanal fishers in the Middle Tocantins River, evaluating how the impoundment affected fishing techniques (locations, transport and gears), operation (income, effort and costs), and fisher’s well-being. Methods The study interviewed 30 artisanal fishers (Colony Z-04, Porto Nacional, TO) between August and October 2018 with the application of a structured questionnaire. Results Results indicated that fishing is socially important as a source of income and occupation, carried out essentially by men with low levels of formal education. Fishers reported, however, significant changes in the fishery system after the impoundment of the Tocantins River. The main fishing area was maintained, but fishers abandoned some sites. There were significant changes in fishing equipment, with an increase in the use of aluminum boats and outboard engines, and a reduction in the use of various gears, replaced by the use of gillnets. Almost all fishers (96.6%) declared that fishing effort and the financial costs increased after damming. Many also reported an increase in financial income (70%), but part reported a decrease, no change or could not say. The majority reported that the impoundment damaged the fishing activity (80%) and their well-being (individual and their families; 83.3%); dissatisfaction with the profession also increased. Conclusions Results indicated that the impoundment created by Lajeado Dam impacted several aspects of artisanal fisheries in the Middle Tocantins, with a wide perception of damage, which indicates that working conditions of fishers have declined. This information is relevant and can support fisheries management in the Tocantins River Basin, in order to balance societal demands with sustainability goals and fisher’s needs.

PERAWATAN MESIN TEMPEL PENANGKAP IKAN GUNA MENUNJANG KELANCARAN PENGOPERASIAN PERAHU NELAYAN DI KARIMUNJAWA

Community Service is an obligation for lecturers to carry out the Tridharma of Higher Education. The activity was carried out on June 18, 2022 in Jelamung RT 05 RW 02, Kemujan Karimujawa which was attended by 12 participants. The purpose of this service is to know how to maintain fishing boat outboard engines in general, which is used to change the engine oil, cleaning the air filter and fuel filter, testing the injectors and adjusting the valves, in addition it is to know the reason why the engine cannot start. Therefore, someone should check the fuel flow, opening the fuel filter and cleaning it. The implementation of this program is for fishermen’s beneficial, hance they can maintain and overcome engine damage for the sake of progress and increase the income.

REVIEW RAGAM JENIS KAPAL PERIKANAN INDONESIA

Indonesia as a maritime country with 2.23 million people working in the marine sector, one of which is a fisherman. Fishermen are one part of the fishing unit that plays a very important role for the success of a fishing operation. This paper reviews the fleet of vessels used by fishermen in Indonesia. The research method is a literature study taken from books, papers, the internet, and other sources that can support. The results of the review show that in carrying out fishing activities, fishermen in Indonesia use traditional and modern boats or boats. Types of boats or ships are divided into several categories. Depending on the type of fishing gear such as purse seine, trawls, dredge net, lift net, gill net, pole and line, long line, tonda ship, jungkung, and based on the propulsion system and ship size divided into powered boat and non-powered boat. In the operation of the ship, electricity is supplied by generators or batteries or batteries. To drive the sailing ship, a motorized engine is used, which is divided into inboard and outboard engines based on the layout, and is categorized into marine diesel engines and marineized engines based on their design and designation. On the other hand, to optimize the production of potential fisheries resources owned by Indonesia, it is necessary to increase the number of ships. The fluctuating growth in the number of vessels from 2002 to 2016, with the largest number of vessels amounting to 815,544 units in 2014 has not been able to maximize production from this potential. The Indonesian shipbuilding industry has also not developed in line with the challenges it faces. Development is still lagging behind the capacity, potential, demands and demands of the market. As well as social organizations also have an important role to increase capture fisheries production by providing guidanceThe information presented is expected to help the interests of the community such as the central government, local governments, researchers, students, and anyone who is interested in supporting the field of fishing vessels in Indonesia, especially the application of solar power plants on fishing boats.

Interactions between small-scale fisheries and marine mammals from the perspective of fishers in the Mexican tropical pacific coast

The increase in fishing effort and the expansion of the fishing grounds of small-scale fisheries increase the interactions with marine mammals globally. Such interactions are poorly understood since data is difficult to obtain. The aim of this study is to infer the interactions between small-scale fisheries and marine mammals, based on the fisher’s perspective. We used the southern coast of Chiapas, Mexico as the location for the model. A total of 56 interviews and eight fishery trips were conducted in three fishing communities. Fishing vessels are 7 m long with an outboard engine with 58.9% of fishers using gillnets and 21.4% using longlines. Fishers were able to identify three marine mammal species in their fishing grounds: Tursiops truncatus, Stenella longirostris, and Stenella attenuata graffmani. However, based on photographs, fishers identified seven additional species. Tursiops truncatus interacts negatively with their fishing activities by stealing fish, ripping nets, interfering during sets, and stealing bait from longlines, which fosters a negative perception among fishers. Despite this, fishers implement low-impact mitigation measures. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed the adverse impact of the common bottlenose dolphin on Scomberomorus sierra fishing with gillnets at the coastal zone. The presence of S. longirostris centroamericana and S. attenuata graffmani has a positive impact on the fishery because are indicators of fish schools. The perception of fishers is key to understanding the complex relationship between fisheries and marine mammals, and can help set the basis for management and conservation programs in areas where such interactions are intense.

Engine propeller matching analysis on Fishing Vessel using inboard engine

Fishing vessels which are used for one day operations usually use outboard engines as their driving motor. However, to improve the performance of propulsion systems, and consequently the performance of ships, inboard engines are now being used. In this study, the propulsion system of a ship was modified by upgrading from an outboard to an inboard motor. Meanwhile, the study aims to obtain an optimal interaction between the propulsion system and the hull shape of the ship. It was conducted by calculating the ship's resistance using the van Oortmerssen method, and validating the result using the CFD method. Furthermore, thrust and torque calculations were performed to obtain the characteristics of the ship's propellers, and the results were validated using the CFD method. The result obtained from the calculation of the ship's resistance was a New Fishing Vessel engine power of 11 HP. 4 types of B-Series propellers characterized based on the size of their pitch, including 14.00 inch, 14.25 inch, 14.50 inch, and 14.75 inch were, analyzed using the engine propeller matching analysis. The results show that the propeller with the pitch size of 14.75 inches was the best, as it had a power of 100%, speed of 25.35%, and efficiency of 32%. Therefore, it was chosen as the new propeller for New Fishing Vessels.

Defining Ship Principal Dimensions Using Comparison Method

<p align="center">Abstract</p><p>In the process of finding the principal dimension of the ship there are various methods that can be used. In this study, the Comparison method will be used to obtain the main size of the ship and the main dimensions of the ship are obtained, namely, length (L) = 20,152 meters, beam (B) = 5.5 meters, depth (H) = 2,939 meters, draft (T) = 1.5129 meters, service speed (Vs) = 20 knots. The ship's resistance is 152.6 kN at service speed (Vs) = 20 knots. And can be overcome with a power of 2426.31 HP. The power taken to meet these needs is 2500 HP supplied by 2 outboard engines with a power of 1300 HP each.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : Comparison Method.</p>

Small-scale fisheries of the Tana Estuary in Kenya

The role of small-scale fisheries in maintaining socio-ecological systems (SES) in the Western Indian Ocean is well-documented, yet few studies have addressed estuarine fisheries in the region. Small-scale fisheries in the Tana Estuary in Kenya are described in this paper, accounting for location along a salinity gradient, seasonality, gear types used, species composition and relative abundance of landings. Monthly shore-based sampling was undertaken at four locations in 2017 – Ungwana Bay near the estuary mouth, lower and mid-estuary, and upper estuary at Ozi village, ⁓10 km upstream. Fishing gear comprised of seine nets, gillnets, hook-and-line and traditional gear such as self-made traps, sticks and spears operated from the shore (foot fishers), dugout canoes, dhows and fibreglass boats with outboard engines. A total of 12,840 fish and crustacean specimens belonging to 89 species in 45 families were sampled. Landings were dominated by catfishes Arius africanus (31 %) and Clarias gariepinus (21 %), small pelagic fishes Pellona ditchela (10 %) and several sardine species (⁓5 %), croaker Otolithes ruber (10 %), eel catfish Plotosus limbatus (6 %), mullet Mugil cephalus (4 %) and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (4 %). Multivariate analyses (nMDS and ANOSIM) found that fishing gear (p < 0.05) and location (p = 0.001) significantly influenced catch composition, but season (p = 0.146) was not significant. Traps were used in the upper and mid estuary only and were selective for three catfish species. Seine nets (54 species) and gillnets (40 species) were least selective and used at all four locations. Rarefaction curves indicated that species diversity was higher at the bay and lower estuary than the mid and upper estuary, and that diversity was highest for canoe-gillnet and canoe-encircling net combinations. Catch rates (avg. of 2.3 to 8.4kg.fisher-1.day-1) depended on gear type and was highest for monofilament gillnets. Catches comprised a broad size range of multiple species, but on average, seine nets selected smaller individuals than traps, gillnets and long lines. The high complexity and organization of the fishery at an estuary-scale makes it a good example of a relatively intact SES suitable for regional comparative analyses.

Profitability analysis of small-scale fishing along Coastal Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria

This study evaluated the profitability analysis of small-scale fishing along coastal areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 400 small-scale fishermen which were selected via multi-stage sampling procedure. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and profitability indicators. Results revealed that mean age of respondents was 39 years, among the fixed assets for fishing, outboard engine has the largest percentage cost (88.32%) while among variable assets, fuel has the largest percentage cost (67.16%). Profitability indicators such as Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 1.29, Gross margin ₦1,261,476.60k/fisherman/year, Return on Investment (ROI) 0.29, Net Profit Margin (NPM) 0.23 and Gross Revenue Ratio (GRR) 0.77 were used to estimate the profitability of small-scale fishing. The findings further revealed that fishing boat (1.284), outboard engine (0.352), fishing nets (1.342) and fuel (0.193) were positively and statistically significant at p<0.05 level with fish output level while accessories (floats, sinks and hooks) (0.142) was positively and statistically significant at p<0.1 with fish output level. The R2 value was 72.1% showing that the independent variable was well explained by the exogenous variables. Problems encountered by small-scale fishermen include inadequate infrastructural facilities, poor road networking system and inadequate credit facilities. Based on the findings, it was recommended that small-scale fishermen should organize themselves into cooperatives in order to increase their credit accessibility. Likewise, government should embark on construction of good road network in order to ease transportation of fish harvested to the neighboring towns.