Out Of Contact Research Articles

Risk factors for suicide in the immediate post-discharge period

Suicide risk is highest in the first few months following psychiatric in-patient care. Most data on post-discharge suicides have come from Western countries. Many studies collected cases of suicide over a long post-discharge period and did not focus on this high-risk period. This study aims to describe the characteristics and examine the risk factors of suicides occurring in the immediate post-discharge period in Hong Kong. A case-control study based on discharged patients from all psychiatric hospitals/units in Hong Kong in 1997-1999. Suicides occurring within 60 days of discharge from psychiatric hospitals (N = 97) were ascertained by record linkage with Coroner's court data. Controls were matched for age, gender, diagnoses, discharge hospitals, and dates of discharge. Possible risk factors were extracted from in- and out-patient records, and were identified by conditional logistic regression. The commonest diagnosis and suicide method were schizophrenia and falling from a height, respectively. There were no significant case-control differences in the drug treatment received. Risk factors for suicides were: previous deliberate self-harm (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.07-5.05), admission for deliberate self-harm (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.3-7.8), compulsory admission (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-8.7), living alone (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.4-23), work stresses (OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.5-18) and being out of contact (OR = 7.9, 95% CI = 1.87-33). The overall number of risk factors had greater screening efficacy for suicide than any single factor. Vulnerable (previous suicidality) and uncooperative (compulsory admission and out of contact) patients who live alone and are exposed to work stresses are prone to immediate post-discharge suicide. Thorough treatment of the circumstances leading to the index admissions, management of work stresses, improved engagement in follow-up care and systematic assessment of suicide risk are indicated.

P-11. チタンと非接触状態で共存する異種合金の腐食(ポスター展示発表,第66回九州歯科学会総会講演抄録)

P-11. チタンと非接触状態で共存する異種合金の腐食(ポスター展示発表,第66回九州歯科学会総会講演抄録)

Notes on the History of the Psychoanalytic Review

Notes on the History of the Psychoanalytic ReviewMichael EigenMichael Eigen1. 225 Central Park West, 101A New York, NY 10024Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online::January 2006https://doi.org/10.1521/prev.2005.92.6.805PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations About"Notes on the History of the Psychoanalytic Review." , 92(6), pp. 805–806 Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 92Issue 6Dec 2005 Information© N.P.A.P.PDF download

Effects of group size on ranging patterns in Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus

We collected systematic data on the home range and day ranges of one group of 57–63 muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus) at the Estacao Biologica de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil from September 1998–July 1999, and compared them with similar data collected 15 years ago when the 23–27 individuals in the group traveled together as a cohesive unit. Home range size increased from 168 ha to 309 ha, reflecting an expansion into areas of the forest that were previously unutilized and consistent with the positive relationship predicted between group size and home range size. By contrast, muriquis exhibited remarkable seasonal and interannual stability in their day ranges. Day ranges, which were calculated from 144 days with ≥8 h of observation, averaged 1,313 ± 573 m (median = 1,206 m). Day ranges did not vary with the size of subgroups, defined as independent individuals that traveled with one another out of contact with other group members. Subgroups were significantly larger during the rainy season (mean = 41.8 ± 12.7, median = 46.0 individuals, n = 72) than the dry season (mean = 36.6 ± 13.25, median = 39.5 individuals, n = 72). Subgroups were also larger than the size of the entire group during the previous study, yet their day ranges are indistinguishable. The stability in muriqui day ranges is consistent with predictions for folivorous primates in which other indicators of intragroup feeding competition, such as female dominance relationships, are also absent. We attribute the transition from cohesive to fluid grouping patterns to limits on the number of individuals that can coordinate their movements when they spread out while foraging and suggest that seasonal differences in subgroup sizes without corresponding adjustments in day ranges reflect seasonal differences in the distribution of preferred foods coupled with the effects of reproductive seasonality on muriqui grouping patterns.

Nonlineardetection of ultrasonic vibration of AFM cantilevers in and outof contact with the sample

Ultrasonic vibration can be nonlinearly detected by means of anatomic force microscopy cantilever when the tip isin contact with a sample surface owing to the so-called(sample-induced) ultrasonic force. The procedure has beendeveloped as a novel technique, ultrasonic force microscopy(UFM), that provides information about the nanoscale elasticand adhesive properties of surfaces. Here, we comparedifferences in the UFM signal when ultrasound is excited fromthe back of the sample (sample UFM) and from the cantileverbase (waveguide UFM). UFM relies on the nonlinearultrasound-induced cantilever displacement (due to the aforementioned ultrasonic force), and does not monitor the linearhigh-frequency vibration of the cantilever. In this paper, wediscuss the influence of a linear high-frequency cantileverresponse in the UFM measurements and provide experimentalevidence of the feasibility of nonlinearly detecting the freeultrasonic cantilever vibration when the tip is out of contactwith the sample surface using the typical laser-beam deflectionmethod for monitoring cantilever displacements.

Measurement method using coupled transmission lines for voltage transients on the distribution line

AbstractIt is well known that voltage transients are caused by the operation of switchgears in a power system. The voltage transients travel along the power line as a traveling wave, and cause malfunction of electrical devices, communication systems, and the operational error of a control system.The voltage transients at the making operation of switchgear were examined to obtain the fundamental data for considering the immunity of communication systems used on a power system. However, it was difficult to observe the voltage transients using the potential transformer and the capacitance potential device because the transients were very rapid.Therefore, a measurement method using the coupled transmission line system is proposed to measure the high‐speed and high‐voltage transients, and the actual experimental results on the 6.9‐kV power system are presented. This method enables the measurement of high‐speed voltage transients in out of contact with the power system.

送配電線を伝搬する過渡電圧の結合線路を用いた一測定

It is well known that voltage transients are caused by the operation of switchgears in a power system. The voltage transients travel along the power line as a traveling wave, and cause malfunction of electrical devices, communication systems, and the operational error of a control system. The voltage transients at the making operation of switchgear were examined to obtain the fundamental data for considering the immunity of communication systems used on a power system. However, it was difficult to observe the voltage transients using the potential transformer and the capacitance potential device because the transients were very rapid. Therefore, a measurement method using the coupled transmission line system is proposed to measure the high-speed and high-voltage transients, and the actual experimental results on the 6.9-kV power system are presented. This method enables the measurement of high-speed voltage transients in out of contact with the power system.

Certain Environmental Factors Influencing the Acoustic Communication in the Sexual Behaviour of the Leafhopper Amrasca devastans (DISTANT) : Homoptera : Cicadellidae

The role of certain environmental factors in influencing the substrate-borne acoustic communication associated with the sexual behaviour of the leafhopper, Amrasca devastans (DISTANT) was studied under the laboratory conditions. The sound emission as well as the sexual behaviour was high at 28±1°C and was inhibited by a low (18±1°C) or a high temperature (38±1°C). A high humidity (⪀80% r.h.) was found to inhibit the sexual communication and behaviour of this leafhopper whereas a low humidity (30-40% r.h.) had no effect on these responses. Singing by the sexes in complete darkness was as high as in the presence of light. However, the copulatory responses were reduced in the dark. The leafhoppers kept under a short day-length (8L-16D) for 5 days after emergence sang and copulated as high percentages as those kept under a long day-length (13L-11D) for 5 days after emergence. The sexual communication leading to mating was not done by the two sexes being present on different leaves which had been in out of contact with each other; but was done by those being present on the same leaf. This fact imposes a severe limitation in the reproduction of these insects since no air-borne distance stimulus is involved in their communication.

The Interpretation of Individual Differences in Rhesus Monkey Infants

A varimax rotated solution of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to discover how in the rhesus monkey behavioural measures of interactions between mothers and infants and between infants and other members of the group clustered, in the sense that they were more strongly correlated with each other than with other measures. Eight week-old infants, living with their mothers in captive social groups, were the subjects, and the males and females were studied separately. A form of cluster analysis, the construction of Maximum Spanning Trees (MST), was used to display clusters of behaviours, corresponding to the PCA groupings, and to show how separate groups of measures could nevertheless be connected to each other. In both sexes, a group of measures called Mother protects proved to be separate from a group called Infant social, and these groups were both separate from various measures reflecting maternal rejecting behaviour. Also separate was a single measure of the infants' tendency to show distress by squeaking, geckering and screaming, and a measure of the time the infants spent alone while out of contact with their mothers. The separation of these groups of measures means that, in working with the populations of male and female infants as wholes, it is not possible to predict an individual's score on a measure from one of the above-mentioned groups from the score of a measure from another group. The sexes differed in that the mother's act of moving away after her infant approached, possibly a rejecting or leading tactic, was associated with the other kinds of rejecting behaviour in female infants only. In males, mothers who groomed them for shorter times tended to restrain them more often, while in female infants maternal grooming was associated with other monkeys initiating contact with the infants. In females, but not males, the frequency with which others made contact was not associated with the frequency with which the infants played with others. We showed how measures can be interpreted in terms of the groupings of their component measures. Two derived measures, % Rejections and the Proximity Index, could (like a monkey's weight) be correlated with a variety of measures, themselves uncorrelated. We discussed the consequences of this, together with certain other complications that can arise when measures are used. Where we failed to find correlations between measures or groups of measures, we thought it possible that correlations might nevertheless be found in sub-populations of the infants. For example, only those infants whose mothers rejected them at above a certain frequency might show a correlation between the frequency of their distress and the frequency with which others make contact with them.

Assessment of drugs in schizophrenia. Assessment of psychiatric and social state. 20V

British Journal of Clinical PharmacologyVolume 3, Issue S2 p. 385-390 Free Access Assessment of drugs in schizophrenia. Assessment of psychiatric and social state. 20V DB Scott, DB ScottSearch for more papers by this authorFP Buckley, FP BuckleySearch for more papers by this authorGB Drummond, GB DrummondSearch for more papers by this authorDG Littlewoods, DG LittlewoodsSearch for more papers by this authorWR Macrae, WR MacraeSearch for more papers by this author DB Scott, DB ScottSearch for more papers by this authorFP Buckley, FP BuckleySearch for more papers by this authorGB Drummond, GB DrummondSearch for more papers by this authorDG Littlewoods, DG LittlewoodsSearch for more papers by this authorWR Macrae, WR MacraeSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb03730.xCitations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Birley, J.L.T. & Brown, G.W. (1970). Crises and life changes preceding the onset or relapse of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiat., 116, 327– 333. Brown, G.W. & Birley, J.L.T. (1968). Crises and life changes and the onset of schizophrenia. Hlth. soc. Behav., 9, 203– 214. Brown, G.W., Birley, J.L.T. & Wing, J.K. (1972). Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication. Br. J. Psychiat., 121, 241– 258. Brown, G.W. & Rutter, M.L. (1966). The measurement of family activities and relationships. Hum. Relat., 19, 241– 263. Cooper, J.E. et al. (1972). Psychiatric Diagnosis in New York and London. Maudsley Monograph No. 20. London: Oxford University. Dencker, S.J., Frankenberg, K., Malm, U. & Zell, B. (1973). A controlled one-year study of pipothiazine palmitate and fluphenazine decanoate in chronic schizophrenic syndromes. Acta psychiat. scand., suppl., 241, 101– 118. Hirsch, S.R., Gaind, R., Rohde, P.D., Stevens, B.C. & Wing, J.K. (1973). Out-patient maintenance of chronic schizophrenic patients with long-acting fluphenazine: a double-blind placebo trial. Br. med. J., 1, 633– 637. Leff, J.P., Hirsch, S.R., Gaind, R., Rohde, P.D. & Stevens, B.C. (1973). Life-events and maintenance therapy in schizophrenic relapse. Br. J. Psychiat., 123, 659– 660. Leff, J.P. & Vaughn, C. (1972). Psychiatric patients in contact and out of contact with services. In Evaluating a Community Psychiatric Service, ed. J.K. Wing & A. Hailey London: Oxford University. Leff, J.P. & Wing, J.K. (1971). Trial of maintenance therapy in schizophrenia. Br. med. J., 3, 599– 604. Maxwell, A.E. (1972). Difficulties in a dimensional description of symptomatology. Br. J. Psychiat., 121, 19– 26. Sillitoe, K.K. (1969). Planning for Leisure. Government Social Survey. London: HMSO. Vaughn, C. & Leff, J.P. (in press). The measurement of expressed emotion in families of psychiatric patients. Br. J. soc. clin. Psychol.. Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E. & Sartorius, N. (1974). The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. London: Cambridge University. World Health Organization (1973). The International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, 1. Geneva: WHO. Citing Literature Volume3, IssueS2June 1976Pages 385-390 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Strongyloidosis in captive white-tailed deer.

From 1963 to 1972 39% of 251 fawns born in a captive herd of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) died with signs attributable to strongyloidosis. At necropsy one typically affected fawn contained 50,000 female Strongyloides in its small intestine. These nematodes and free-living adult females cultured from feces compared morphologically and metrically to S. papillosus. Egg counts on infected fawns varied from 200 to 286,000 eggs per gram of feces. Evidence was obtained that intrauterine transmission of this parasite occurred. The disease was controlled by removing fawns from their mothers shortly after birth and raising them on bottled milk and out of contact with the ground. Fawns were treated with thiabendazole at 6 and at 30-40 days of age and maintained in pens with elevated wooden floors until 8-10 months of age. The original source of the Strongyloides infection in this captive herd and the possible significance of this disease in wild populations of deer are discussed.

The Problem of Scientific Order Versus Alphabetical Order in the Encyclopédie

~Ihe Problem of Scientific Order Versus Alphabetical Order in the Encyclopedic Hugh M. Davidson "L’empire des sciences et des arts est un monde eloigne du vulgaire. . . !’ This SENTENCE from the "Discours preliminaire” states the problem in the shortest possible way. As they look about them, d’Alembert and Diderot, the editors of the Encyclopedia-to-be, see on the one hand many bodies of technical knowledge, as yet un­ systematized in a satisfactory way and out of contact with com­ mon understanding, and on the other hand a public—or as they say, with a satirical touch, the reading, not the talking, public. The general aim and the first rule of the encyclopedic enterprise must be to close this gap, to bring knowledge and people together; all other and consequent rules have to do with devising a suitable means to this end. The means they choose, of course, is a dictio­ nary, i.e., a work composed according to the purely conventional order of the alphabet but called upon to reveal the purely logi­ cal order of thought in science and in art. This paradox and the ef­ fort to surmount it form the subject of most of my remarks, but, as I hope to show, the solution to the problem involves a second par­ adox, something like the near-death and renewal of an ancient ver­ bal discipline. I should add that my interest here lies in the design and spirit of the project: in what d’Alembert and Diderot sought to do rather than in what actually happened as the volumes of the Ency­ clopedic were constituted and published. I have decided to concen­ 33 Irrationalism in the Eighteenth Century trate on what the two editors said in a small number of documents where intentions and rationale appear in a more or less pure state: the Prospectus (Diderot, 1750), the article "Art” (Diderot, 1751), the "Discours preliminaire” (d’Alembert, 1751), and the article "Encyclopedic” (Diderot, 1755).1 In order to see exactly what Diderot and d’Alembert wanted to do, we must remind ourselves of some things they take to be common to every discipline. Each one of them arises out of a con­ tact between man and nature, a contact that turns, under the stim­ ulus of human needs, into an activity designed to accomplish some end. To be more specific: (l) each one bears on a single object; (2) it involves the collection of data—either facts or rules—con­ cerning that object; and (3) it seeks the order in which the data may be most properly disposed. For example, grammar concerns (l) speech which has (2) been reduced to rules that (3) form a system. Diderot asserts that what is true of grammar is true of the other arts and sciences. No matter how diverse the objects in ques­ tion may be, no matter how widely his attention may range, he re­ turns finally to this single notion or model of technical discipline. Even the most important distinction of all, that between science and art, does not obliterate the common features; in fact, it ac­ centuates them. Si l’objet s’execute, la collection et la disposition technique des regies selon lesquelles il s’execute s’appellent art. Si l’objet est contemple seulement sous differentes faces, la collection et la disposition technique des observations relatives a cet objet s’appellent science’ , ainsi metaphysique est une science, et la morale est un art. Il en est de meme de la theologie et de la pyrotechnie.2 Collection, disposition*, we must understand these words in an ac­ tive sense which allows for the evolving state of any art or sci­ ence at any particular time. In some instances, what the Encyclope­ dists are talking about is not an existing science but a problem area, a distinct field in which someone is collecting and disposing data, or should be doing so. One of the factors, the data, varies, obvious­ ly, as to number, whereas the second, the order or arrangement, remains always essentially the same. 34 The Problem of Order in the Encyclopedic La seule ressource qui nous reste done dans une recherche si penible, quoique...

Turning with an oscillating tool

By means of a hydraulic vibrator, a lathe tool is made to oscillate in a controlled manner while cutting. This oscillation can be made to act either in the direction of feed or tangential to the workpiece surface at a frequency within the range 0–125 c/s. Facilities are provided for the synchronization of the vibration in the feed direction with the rotation of the lathe spindle. Cutting force components are measured under various conditions of vibration and these are compared with values obtained with a static tool. Considerable force reductions are found and it is shown that only those for the tangential direction of vibration can be explained using established dynamic metal cutting theory. Several other possible explanations of the phenomenon are investigated and a hypothesis is put forward that atmospheric oxidation of the tool face while out of contact with the workpiece is responsible for the reductions found with vibration in the feed direction. The paper must be regarded as a preliminary one and further experiments on the basic oxidation mechanism will be necessary, also further turning tests using a wider range of workpiece and cutting tool materials.

Thin film circuits—Part I. The uses of photomechanical processes in the manufacture of micro-miniature circuits

This article describes methods of making the master patterns required for microminiature circuits, including a novel way of making very accurate patterns without drafting. Photographic and photo-mechanical processes are described together with full details of making in contact and out of contact masks for subsequent vacuum deposition of resistive, capacitive and conductive films. Details of etching processes for molybdenum masks are given, these masks are suitable for use in the deposition of thin films on to hot substrates without deformation.