Ottoman Balkans Research Articles

Cities and the Rise of States in Europe, A.D. 1000 to 1800

Entanglements of European Cities and States (Charles Tilly. ) Cities, City-States, and Regional States in North-Central Italy (Giorgio Chittolini. ) Towns and States at the Juncture of the Alps, the Adriatic, and Pannonia (Sergij Vilfan. ) Cities, Capital Accumulation, and the Ottoman Balkan Command Economy, 15001800 (Traian Stoianovich. ) Cities and Citizenry as Factors of State Formation in the Roman-German Empire of the Late Middle Ages (Peter Moraw. ) State and Towns in the Middle Ages: The Scandinavian Experience (Anders Andrn. ) Power and Towns in the Polish Gentry Commonwealth: The Polish-Lithuanian State in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Andrzej Wyrobisz. ) Cities and the State in Spain (Pablo Fernndez Albaladejo. ) Cities and the State in Portugal (Antonio Manuel Hespanha. ) Intercity Rivalries and the Making of the Dutch State (Marjolein t Hart. ) Voracious States and Obstructing Cities: An Aspect of State Formation in Preindustrial Europe (Wim P. Blockmans.)

Venture and Faith in the Commercial Life of the Ottoman Balkans, 1500–1650

(1985). Venture and Faith in the Commercial Life of the Ottoman Balkans, 1500–1650. The International History Review: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 519-542.

Rumeli Ayanlari: The Eighteenth Century

Tradition excludes the Ottoman Empire from the dynamic movements of the eighteenth century.' The government was bankrupt, imcompetant, and corrupt; and the governed, confronted with the virtual collapse of civil authority, became increasingly isolated and withdrawn. The relatively open Ottoman social structure of earlier centuries seemed to solidify. Roles became increasingly hereditary on all levels and in all professions; Muslims and Christians began to be differentiated into rigidly defined and separated millets. Yet, internal developments in the Balkan provinces of the Empire during the eighteenth century indicate that this traditional view must be modified. The commercial revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries created severe socioeconomic disequilibrium, and efforts to assimilate and adapt to the external world induced a crisis in values throughout Ottoman Balkan society. By the end of the century, new patterns of social organization had evolved, patterns very similar to those developing elsewhere in eastern Europe. Among the most significant innovations of the late eighteenth century was the emergence of a seigneurial regime in the Balkans, a phenomenon largely associated with the rise to power of a group of