Osun State Nigeria Research Articles

A comparative study of exclusive breastfeeding between mothers of formal and informal sector workers in Ede north local government area, Osun State Nigeria

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is helpful in reducing infant morbidity and mortality throughout the first six months of life. However, despite aggressive marketing, just 13-36% of Nigeria infants under 6 months old are exclusively breastfed. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the knowledge, practice and factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among informal and formal sector workers in Ede north local government, Osun State. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with 285 respondents from formal and informal sector workers with child(ren) aged 0-24 months. Results: Results showed a significant difference in knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding between formal and informal sector workers. Factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding include lactation, job hindrances, and crèche availability. The practice of EBF was low among mothers in the formal sector, and the factors impacting its practice reported in this study may have substantial implications for breastfeeding intervention programs. Conclusions: As a result, attempts to promote EBF should target specific populations of informal sector women and areas where it is underutilized. Moreover, mothers must be supported. Furthermore, mothers should be encouraged to attend antenatal care where they will learn about the benefits of exclusive nursing to children under the age of six months, allowing them to make informed decisions on exclusive breastfeeding. The Nigerian government should ensure that the employment act’s maternity leave benefits are implemented in the informal sector, allowing women to practice EBF.

P18-040-23 Perception and Practice of Complementary Feeding Among Mothers in Selected Health Care Centres in Aiyedaade Community, Osun State Nigeria

P18-040-23 Perception and Practice of Complementary Feeding Among Mothers in Selected Health Care Centres in Aiyedaade Community, Osun State Nigeria

Sustainable land use as panacea for efficient households’ trips in Osun State Nigeria

An underlying factor with the problems of trip making in urban areas is related to the land use potentials and the condition of its transport system. The land use pattern of any settlement is the basis for its physical planning, especially in rapidly growing cities. This study examines land use and households’ trip in selected cities of Osun State, Nigeria. Data were obtained for the pattern of land uses. Data were also randomly obtained from 2,134 households to examine their trip pattern. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse land use pattern, while correlation analysis was used to examine relationship between land use and households’ trip pattern. Findings revealed that all the cities studied possessed characteristics of mixed land use. The study shows that 57.15% of the land use is for residential while non-residential accounted for 42.85%. Further, households made an average of 27 trips per week and travelled an average of 10.65kilometres per day in the selected cities. Results from correlation analysis indicated that there is low positive correlation between residential land use and trip frequency (r = 0.302) as well as distance travel (r = 0.222). Further, with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.613 and 0.559, there is strong positive correlation between non-residential land use and trip frequency as well as distance traveled by the household. The study recommends holistic urban planning to reduce future urban land use problems that may lead cities into a chaotic situation.

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat and manage diabetes mellitus in Ede, Osun State Nigeria

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat and manage diabetes mellitus in Ede, Osun State Nigeria

Economic Analysis of Sawnwood Marketing in Isokan Local Government area Osun State, Nigeria

Sawnwood is wood that has been produced either by sawing lengthways or by a profile-chipping process and is greater than 6 millimetres. The study evaluates the economic analysis of sawnwood marketing in Isokan Local Government area of Osun state Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. The results showed that 67.5% of the respondents were males while 28.3% were females. Most of the respondents (50%) are in their active ages, a large percentage (51.2%) of the respondents got into the business of planks marketing by training and started its runs through bank loans. Eight (8) major wood species: Albizia zygia, Blighia sapida, Ccordia milleni, Gmelina arborea, Milicia excelsa, Nuclea diderrichii, Termilania superba, and Triplochiton scleroxylon were sold in the study area. The constraints faced by the plank market business are unavailability means of transportation, government tariffs, price fluctuation in purchase, scarcity of timber and bad roads. There is significant relationship between the socio economic characteristics and the constraints facing sawnwood marketing in the study area. Results showed that for every $0.0022 invested into the sawn wood business, $0.0055 is returned, this implies that timber marketing business is a worthwhile business. It is thus recommended that there is a need for sawn wood marketers to organize themselves into cooperative groups in order to secure loan and credit facilities from funding agency so as to ease the constraints faced by them to boost their returns.

Utilization of Cyber Extension Technologies among Fish Farmers in Osun State Nigeria

The study analyzed the utilization of cyber extension technologies among fish farmers in Osun state Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used to elicit primary data from 160 fish farmers selected through simple random sampling. Findings revealed that the mean number of ponds owned by the respondents was 5ponds. The mean years spent in formal schooling and fish farming experience were 15.5years and 6.8years respectively. There was high utilization of smartphone (Mean = 2.1) and laptop (Mean = 1.2) for cyber extension information on fish production. There was positive and significant relationships between respondents’ age (r= 0.566; p ≤ 0.05); household size (r=0.598; p ≤ 0.05); number of years spent schooling (r= 0.532; p ≤0.05); number of ponds owned (r= 0.268; p ≤ 0.05), annual income (r= 0.525; p ≤ 0.05) and utilization level of cyber extension technologies among fish farmers. The study concludes that high utilization of cyber extension technologies of smartphone and labtop are highly beneficial to obtaining fish production information The study recommended that fish farming information packages on cyber extension should address the identified challenges of poor technical know-how, this will assist farmer to improve their knowledge and use better strategies for fish production.

A comparative study of work-family balance between male and female academic staff of selected universities in Osun State Nigeria

Maintaining a healthy balance between one's professional and family roles is a growing difficulty for both employees and employers. This study is a comparative study of work-family balance between male and female academic staff of selected universities in Osun state. It was aimed at understanding the significant relationship between work-related experiences and work-family balance among male and female academic staff. A systematically random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Statistical methods such as percentages, means, standard deviations and regression analysis were used for the study. The findings indicated that the differences in coping strategies and the ability to maintain a healthy work-family balance between male and female academic staff at both universities were not statistically significant. In other words, male academics employed a smaller number of techniques than their female counterparts. It was recommended that universities implement institutional policies in order to demonstrate their commitment to creating a family- and worker-friendly environment.

Time Series Analysis of Crime Rate in Osun State Nigeria Using Skellam Garch(1,1) Models

The manifestation of urban crime and other social vices causing anti-moral, anti-social behaviours as well as criminal damage to both public and private properties in Nigeria with the consequential effect of spontaneous and uncontrollable urban growth, high-level poverty rate, distortion of city peace and tranquillity has become an issue of national discourse. The paper employed ARCH and Skellam GARCH models to forecast the likely crime rate trend within the next five years. The Skellam-GARCH model performs better as a crime forecasting model than the ARCH model.

Prevalence and co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among women of child-bearing age in Osun state Nigeria

This study assessed the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Human immunodeficiency Virus and their co-infection infection in women of child-bearing age in communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study also determines the factors that facilitate the organisms among the studied groups and possible interaction between the prevalence of infection and the risk factors. These were done with a view to providing baseline information on the mode of T. gondii and HIV transmission. Sera were analyzed for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Demeditec Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) conducted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The optical densities of wells were measured by a photometer at a wavelength of 450 nm and the detection of HIV was done using (Determine) rapid immunochromatographic (IC) test which are in strip form. Determination of the blood groups of the donors was done using commercially prepared Anti sera A, B, AB and anti D that determine the Rhesus blood group. The overall prevalence of T. gondii among the women of child-bearing age in selected six communities in Osun state was 74.2%, while the overall prevalence of HIV among the women was 2.6% and co-infection of T. gondii and HIV was 1.5%. The prevalence of T. gondii was lowest (57.8%) among women from Ile Ife, a peri-urban community and highest (100%) in women residing in Alajue, a rural community. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly higher (p= 0.001) among Islamic women (85.9%) than in Christian women (68.2%) while the prevalence of HIV (2.7%) in Christianity and co-infection of T. gondii and HIV (2.3%) was higher among Islam. The highest prevalence of T. gondii (83.6%) was recorded in women with primary education while the lowest of (58.7%) was recorded in women with tertiary education (p =0.037) while the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 2.9% and co-infection of 1.8% was recorded in secondary school level. The highest prevalence of T. gondii (78.5%) was recorded in women that reside in rural area and the lowest (67.5%) was recorded in women that reside in peri-urban area (p=0.016) and also the prevalence of HIV (4.5%) (p= 0.045) and co-infection of T. gondii and HIV (3.2%) (p=0.025) was higher in peri-urban area. The highest prevalence of 84.0% of T. gondii was recorded in house wives while the lowest value of 59.3% was recorded in civil servant and the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 7.7% in house wives and co-infection of 3.3% was recorded in trading. The highest prevalence of T. gondii infection of 100.0% was recorded in women with blood group AB negative while the lowest prevalence of 30.0% was recorded in women with blood group A negative and the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 6.3% was recorded in women with blood group B negative and O negative each. Co-infection has highest prevalence of 6.3% in blood group B negative. The highest prevalence of 77.1% of T. gondii was recorded in women with one miscarriage while the lowest value of 73.3% was recorded in women with two miscarriages and the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 5.7% was recorded in women with one miscarriage while the lowest prevalence of 2.5% was recorded in women with no miscarriage. The highest prevalence of 100.0% of T. gondii and 2.7% of HIV infection was recorded in women with no pregnancy and the co-infection 1.6% was recorded in women no pregnancy. The study concluded that there was high prevalence of T. gondii infection (74.2%) and also implicates HIV (2.6%) and co-infection of both (1.5%) in the studied population. Hence, there is the need for health education and create awareness of the diseases and its transmission to women of reproductive age group in general and pregnant women in particular to reduce the risk of T. gondii and HIV in pregnant women.

Knowledge and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Residents of Ifelodun Local Government Area, Osun-State Nigeria

Knowledge and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Residents of Ifelodun Local Government Area, Osun-State Nigeria

Stakeholders prioritization of key performance indicators on public and private tertiary educational projects in Osun State, Nigeria

PurposeThe study assessed the stakeholders prioritization of key performance indicators (KPIs) on public and private tertiary educational projects in Osun State, Nigeria intending to enhance their performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a total enumeration survey to purposively select built environment professionals working in the Physical Planning and Development Unit (PPDU) and procurement units of 17 tertiary educational institutions (7public and 10 private) in Osun State Nigeria for data collection. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the study using a questionnaire. A total of 102 questionnaires were retrieved from the respondents and used for analysis. Analysis of data was done using frequency, percentile, mean score (MS), Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, t-test, and Analysis of variance (ANOVA).FindingsThe study found that in the overall opinion of the respondents the most prioritized KPIs for tertiary educational projects are for the project to meet specifications (MS = 4.17), the project must be on time (MS = 4.01), and efficient use of resources (MS = 3.96). The important KPIs for the public tertiary educational projects is that the project should meet specifications (MS = 4.08), deliver the projects on time (MS = 3.96), and be under cost (MS = 3.84). While, the most prioritized KPIs for private tertiary educational projects are for the project to meet specifications (MS = 4.25), efficient use of resources (MS = 4.14), on time, and doing the right thing (effectiveness) (MS = 4.06) each. More findings indicated that there is no significant difference in the manner built environment professionals prioritized KPIs. However, there is only a 7% significant difference in the manner professionals working in the public and private tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria ranked KPIs.Practical implicationsThere is a significant difference in the ways and manner built environment professionals working with the public and private tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria view resource utilization on their projects. As such, working environment either as public or private has a significant impact on resource utilization for tertiary educational construction projects.Originality/valueThe study compared opinions of professionals working with public and private tertiary educational institutions on KPIs to enhance project performance.

Postpartum sexual activity and contraceptive use among women in a southwest health facility Osun State Nigeria

Background: The post-partum period presents a risk in unwanted/unplanned conception and often frustrating desire for contraceptive. This study aimed to determine the factors enhancing resumption of sexual intercourse, contraceptive usage and barriers to timely uptake of family planning methods.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 women within 3 to 16 weeks postpartum. Structured questionnaires adopted from similar studies were administered within three months. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: 62.6% (213) of women resumed sexual activity with a mean time of 11.37 weeks±8.85 postpartum. More than one-third 37.6% (80) did so within puerperium and husbands in 78.4% (167) initiated sex. About 50% (107) were on modern contraceptives, whereas only 39.3% (42) were on contraception before their first postpartum sexual experience.Conclusions: There was high rate of resumption of sexual intercourse early in postpartum with less attention on contraceptive usage mostly due to misconceptions surrounding fertility return. Sexual and contraceptive education after delivery is necessary for both mothers and their husbands.

Evaluation and Distribution of Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners and Triclosan in Soil, Sediment and Surface Water System: A Case Study of Ojutu River, Osun State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the presence of seven-selected polychlorinated biphenyls and triclosan in the Ojutu River, Osun State Nigeria. The soil, sediment and surface water at five different sampling sites were investigated following the standard analytical procedure. The maximum concentration of targeted PCBs in soil, sediment and water are; 1.02 µg/g, 0.6490 µg/g and 0.02981 µg/mL respectively. While triclosan has 0.0562 ng/g, 0.0457 ng/g and 0.001070 ng/mL in sediment, soil and water samples respectively. The concentrations of some of the selected PCB congeners and triclosan were significant in sediment and soil samples across the sites while the majority analytes showed no significant differences in water samples across the sites. The parameters investigated were found within the WHO maximum permissible limit therefore the water could be considered less susceptible to these pollutants. Other contaminants such as personal care products, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and micro-pollutants as well as pollution levels associated with microbial load are worthy of investigation to know the actual state of the river for the safety of aquatic lives and the health of humans who depends on this river.

Preference for mass media usage among farmers in Egbedore Local Government Area of Osun State Nigeria

Preference for mass media usage among farmers in Egbedore Local Government Area of Osun State Nigeria

Lipid Profile and the Severity of Periodontitis among Tertiary Hospital Patients in a Semi-Urban Population in Southwestern Nigeria

The prevalence of hyperlipidemia among Nigerians is established, while the relationship between it and periodontitis has been studied globally. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lipid profile and severity of periodontitis among Nigerians. 195 patients were drawn from the family medicine clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife Osun state Nigeria. Sociodemographic data was obtained using a closed-ended questionnaire, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI), periodontal disease index (PDI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) were also estimated. A full mouth mean CAL ≥0.6mm was considered as periodontitis. Lipid profile was carried out at the chemical pathology department of the same institution by spectrophotometry. Appropriate parameters were determined for descriptive variables. A two-way t-test was done for the mean values of the intraoral and the lipid parameters. Data was exposed to logistic regression to eliminate confounders. Male to female ratio was 1:1.6 with a mean age of 37.42±12.95. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides have a statistically significant relationship with CAL and PPD (p<0.05). Logistic regression showed statistical significance for total cholesterol (p<0.05) in females only. Following the trend with other associated chronic diseases, HDL was higher in the periodontally healthy subjects and those with mild chronic periodontitis, while it was lower in those with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis. This relationship was inverse for low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Increase in LDL/HDL had a linear relationship with the severity of chronic periodontitis from mild to severe. This emphasises the need for oral health education in the community and regular lipid investigations.

Validation of Burnout Questionnaire among Automobile Apprentice Artisans in Osun State Nigeria

A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to validate the Burnout Questionnaire (BQ) on Nigerian automobile apprentice artisan. A multistage sampling technique was used to purposively select 150 (mean age ± SD 21.4±3.6). A total of 150 male participants were drawn from selected communities in Ede metropolis Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. The participants responded to the Burnout Questionnaire, and the Mashlash Burnout Inventory (MBI). Internal consistency of Burnout Questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .83, a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .87 and a Guttman Split-Half coefficient of .74. A significant positive correlation was observed between Burnout Questionnaire and MBI, revealing a correlation coefficient validity score of (r = .690, p= .001). The Burnout Question has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population. The observed group based norm was ≥ 48.16. Based on the findings, the 17-item of Burnout Questionnaire showed good internal reliability and a valid measure of symptoms of burnout. The authors concluded that Burnout Questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties for the Nigerian population as it fits well to the Nigerian socio-cultural setting as a measure of burnout symptoms.

The Sustainability Solution of Earth as Buildings material: Case of Gbongan Rural communities in Osun State south west Nigeria

The sustainability of earth as building material cannot be overemphasised with proven superior performance at the specified criteria. This research addresses the analysis of the sustainability criteria present in a sample of 120 cases of traditional earth building at Gbongan rural area in Osun state Nigeria, as locally produced and sourced material, reduced transport cost and environmental impact among others. The focus group of professional especially architect and builders were organized to coordinate the study process, ensuring adequate evaluations of issues that can facilitate sustainability of earth as a building material. Their recommendations are evaluated and classified according to physical attributes of earth as sustainable building material: twelve prevailing factors facilitating sustainability of earth as building material were identified. The sustainability solution of earth as building material were discussed which include local employment opportunity for socio economic development. The paper then concludes on some sustainability strategies known with the earth over the year as productive and effective building material.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Self-Reported Ill-Health among the Elderly in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Study.

Information on the determinants of ill-health among elderly, if available, would certainly provide a useful guide to policy makers in their plan for appropriate interventions for this subgroup of the population. This study therefore assessed ill-health status and its associated factors among the elderly in Osun State Nigeria. The study design was a descriptive cross-section involving 491 elderly drawn from a simple random sample of five local government areas LGAs in Osun State Nigeria, in 2017. Self-reported illness (es) two weeks before the survey was taken as measure of ill-health among the elderly. Bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used for data analysis, p< 0.05 was reckoned statistically significant. Overall, 228 (46.4%) reported one health issue or the other two weeks before the survey. Regular source of income [OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.43, 0.95], ever smoked [OR=2.35, 95% CI=1.31, 4.21] and having any source of worry [OR=2.52, 95% CI=1.68, 3.79] were significantly associated with self-reported ill-health among elderly. Whereas, having regular source of income, engaging in physical exercise, and being satisfied with residential status were all found to be protective against illnesses by crude statistical analysis, only having a source of regular income had independent protective association against illness. Prevalence of ill-health among elderly was considerably high. Factors significantly associated with ill-health include not having a regular source of income, ever smoked, and having any source of worry. Financial empowerment schemes and health education for elderly on harmful effect of smoking and excessive worrying on their health are hereby recommended.

Open spaces and wellbeing: the impact of outdoor environments in promoting health

ABSTRACT Although open spaces are known to improve the health and well-being of residents, little contextual evidence is reported in developing countries. This study examined the relationships among socio-economic characteristics of residents, the attributes and uses of neighbourhood open spaces and self-rated health of residents. The study utilised a cross-sectional survey with 1659 participants in Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria. Primary data were collected through pretested questionnaires, while direct observation was used to obtain information on attributes of open spaces. Secondary data, such as maps were obtained from Osun State Ministry of Lands and Physical Planning. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Structural equation model (mediation analysis) was used to examine the relationships among the variables by estimating their direct and indirect paths of relationships as well as their mediating effects on self-rated health. The mediation analysis results showed that age, household size, income and education level significantly influenced residents’ assessment of open space quality. Also, physical, stress reduction and social cohesion activities influenced the relationship between open spaces and health indirectly (CFI = 0.802, RMSEA = 0.015, p < 0. 005). The study concluded that open spaces influenced residents’ health indirectly through activities performed.

The sustainable Impact of Alternative Construction Process on shelter provision: The Case of low-income group in Osogbo Osun state amidst post covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria

This paper examined the impacts of alternative construction process on building provision in Osogbo Osun state Nigeria, it is to assess various alternative construction process in comparison with the conventional methods whether which of the two has led to increased housing provision for low income groups. The study addresses the economic effectiveness attained, during the alternative construction process this was compared and reviewed in detail. The focus group of professional especially architect and builders were organized to coordinate the study process. This research addresses the sustainability impact of earth as building material at Osogbo in Osun state Nigeria, the impacts were analyzed, presented, interpreted and discussed mainly on the comparison of various conventional materials such as, cement and steel due to high manufacturing cost. The paper reveals the prevailing factors that facilitate sustainability impact of earth as building material, which include Low Energy required in the manufacturing process among others. The paper then concludes on locally produced, sourced and unprocessed material as a means of sustainable impact within the reach of low-income group.