Osteosarcoma In Dogs Research Articles

Host related risk factors for canine osteosarcoma

A case-control study using the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing height and increasing weight are important risk factors for osteosarcoma in dogs. The role of other host factors was also explored. The cases comprised 3062 purebred dogs with histologically or radiographically confirmed osteosarcoma admitted to 24 veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States and Canada between 1980 and 1994. The controls were 3959 purebred dogs with other diagnoses obtained randomly by frequency matching to cases for institution and year of diagnosis. The risk of osteosarcoma rose with increasing age, increasing body weight, increasing standard weight and increasing standard height. Compared with the German Shepherd breed, the highest risk of osteosarcomas was found for large and giant breeds, while small breeds had reduced risks. A twofold excess risk was observed among neutered dogs. Adjustment of risk estimates for standard height adjusted for standard weight, and vice versa, showed a stronger and more consistent association of osteosarcoma with increasing height than increasing weight.

Hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion with cisplatin in the local treatment of spontaneous canine osteosarcoma: assessment of short-term effects.

To increase the effect of cisplatin on locoregional osteosarcoma, the short-term effect of hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion (HIRP) with cisplatin (30 mg/L extremity volume) was studied in 28 dogs with spontaneous osteogenic sarcoma, using clinical, radiological, and histological parameters. Thirty days postoperatively, mortality was 14.3%. Total platinum levels at the start of perfusion were 28.2 +/- 14.3 mg/L. A significant improvement (P < 0.001) in clinical score was observed in the overall group at 6 and 12 weeks after perfusion. The radiological parameter showed a stationary X-ray 2 weeks after perfusion and an improved X-ray 6 weeks after perfusion. Overall histological scores showed a moderate effect according to the Huvos classification. No additional therapeutic effect, according to the three parameters, could be demonstrated by increasing the perfusate temperature by 1 degrees C. HIRP with cisplatin is feasible in the local treatment of spontaneous osteosarcoma in dogs with acceptable locoregional toxicity. However, the histological results were modest, with none of the dogs showing a complete response 6 weeks after perfusion. Therefore, the search for the ideal perfusion agent with substantial contribution to the limb-sparing treatment in human osteosarcoma continues.

Evaluation of survival times after limb amputation, with and without subsequent administration of cisplatin, for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 30 cases (1979-1990)

Summary Appendicular osteosarcoma was diagnosed in 30 dogs. Fifteen dogs were treated by limb amputation alone, and 15 dogs were treated by limb amputation followed by 2 doses of cisplatin given iv approximately 2 and 7 weeks after limb removal. Mean survival time after limb amputation alone ± sd was 190 ± 138 days (median, 168 days); 7 dogs survived longer than 6 months, and 3 dogs survived more than 1 year. Fourteen of 15 dogs treated by amputation and administration of cisplatin survived a mean of 315 ± 158 days (median, 290 days) after amputation, and 1 dog was still alive at 1,095 days; 13 dogs survived longer than 6 months and 5 dogs survived more than 1 year. Survival time was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) greater in dogs given cisplatin.

Therapy for osteosarcoma in dogs with intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide.

Canine osteosarcoma is a spontaneous malignancy in dogs, characterized by micrometastasis to pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues at the time of diagnosis. Standard treatment involves amputation of the affected leg, but median survival time is 3-4 months with death due to metastasis. A randomized double-blind trial was conducted to evaluate liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (liposome/MTP-PE) as a treatment for metastasis in dogs undergoing amputation for osteosarcoma. Fourteen dogs were treated with liposome/MTP-PE, and 13 were treated with empty liposomes. Median survival time was 222 days for dogs treated with liposome/MTP-PE, compared to 77 days for dogs treated with empty liposomes (P less than .002). In the liposome/MTP-PE-treated group there were still four dogs alive and free of metastasis at greater than 1 year post surgery. Treatment was well tolerated; no significant toxic effects were noted except for mild elevations in body temperature (1-2 degrees C) for 2-6 hours post injection.

Neutral peptidase activities in matrix vesicles from bovine fetal alveolar bone and dog osteosarcoma

Extracellular matrix vesicles from bovine fetal alveolar bone and from a dog osteosarcoma were isolated by differential centrifugation and then fractionated on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The fractions were examined by electron microscopy and were analyzed for protein, alkaline phosphatase, aminotripeptidase, and four different beta-naphthylamidase activities. The low-density peak of enzyme activities was shown by electron microscopy to be much more homogeneous than the crude matrix vesicle fraction. Two major peaks of protein and enzyme activities were present, one in the high and one in the low density layers. There was good correlation between the activities of alkaline phosphatase and the various peptidases in the fractions from the sucrose density gradient. These results indicate a coexistence of peptidase and alkaline phosphatase in matrix vesicles. On the other hand, there was generally no correlation between the peptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in vesicular specimens from bovine liver obtained in the same way. Most of the peptidase activity and about half of the alkaline phosphatase activity were solubilized from bone matrix vesicles by detergents. The extracted alkaline phosphatase and alanyl beta-naphthylamidase activities were separated from each other on a DEAE-cellulose column.

Studies on Therapy of Osteosarcoma in Dogs Using BCG Vaccine1

Studies on Therapy of Osteosarcoma in Dogs Using BCG Vaccine¹

Virus-Like Particles in Geometric Tubuloreticular Structures2

Tubuloreticular structures of the geometric type were observed in dog osteosarcoma cells (D17a) before and after cocultivation with human placenta cells and before and after passage of the cocultivated cells through NIH nude mice. After passage through NIH nude mice, the reestablished cultures regularly produced conventional murine type-C particles and displayed budding virus-like particles (VLP) within the tubuloreticular structures. VLP, tentatively considered an aberrant form of type-C particles, were presumably of murine origin since they were not observed in the osteosarcoma cells before passage through NIH nude mice.

The Microcirculation of Irradiated Spontaneous Osteosarcoma in Dogs

The Microcirculation of Irradiated Spontaneous Osteosarcoma in Dogs

The Microcirculation of Irradiated Spontaneous Osteosarcoma in Dogs

The Microcirculation of Irradiated Spontaneous Osteosarcoma in Dogs

The Microcirculation of Irradiated Spontaneous Osteosarcoma in Dogs

From proceedings of the 2nd international conference of veterinary radiologists; Stockholm, Meden (1970). Of 13 dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma, six were irradiated with a Caesatron. Three dogs received 1000, 2000, and 3000 rad respectively in a weekly dose of 1000 rad. Three dogs received the corresponding weekly dose in daily fractions. Microangiographic examination showed that the large doses caused obstructions of small blood vessels and obstructions and constrictions of the larger vessel. One thousand rad given in flve daily fractions caused no noticeable vascular changes. Two thousand and 3000 rad given as daily fractions caused slight changes in the minor blood vessels while the larger vessels remained open. (auth)