Objective – to study the dynamics of changes in the structure of surgical infectious matter and their sensitivity to antibiotics in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), depending on the strategy of the surgical treatment. Materials and methods. The subject of this study were clinical samples (biopsy material of the wounds, tissue-prints from the wounds surface, wound fluid, blood, the contents of the drainage tubes, etc.) of 268 patients treated at the department of wounds and wound infections of the A.V. Vishnevsky Surgery Institute in 2012–2015. with various nosologic forms of acute and persistent purulent surgical infections (diabetic foot syndrome, paraendoprosthetic infection after surgery on the arteries of the lower extremities, chronic postoperative osteomyelitis of the sternum and the ribs, chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis of long bones, chronic ulcers of venous etiology, necrotic wounds of various etiologies). Objective – to study the dynamics of changes in the structure of surgical infectious matter and their sensitivity to antibiotics in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), depending on the strategy of the surgical treatment. Materials and methods. The subject of this study were clinical samples (biopsy material of the wounds, tissue-prints from the wounds surface, wound fluid, blood, the contents of the drainage tubes, etc.) of 268 patients treated at the department of wounds and wound infections of the A.V. Vishnevsky Surgery Institute in 2012–2015. with various nosologic forms of acute and persistent purulent surgical infections (diabetic foot syndrome, paraendoprosthetic infection after surgery on the arteries of the lower extremities, chronic postoperative osteomyelitis of the sternum and the ribs, chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis of long bones, chronic ulcers of venous etiology, necrotic wounds of various etiologies).