Osteoblastic Cells Research Articles

The Marine Alga Sargassum horneri Is a Functional Food with High Bioactivity

Functional food factors can play a preventive and therapeutic role in several human diseases. The marine alga Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) has restorative effects in several types of metabolic disorders, including osteoporosis, diabetes, inflammatory conditions, and cancer cell growth. Osteoporosis is widely recognized as a major public health problem. Bone loss associated with ageing and diabetic states was prevented through the intake of bioactive compounds from S. horneri water extract in vivo by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The intake of S. horneri water extract was found to have preventive effects on diabetic findings with an increase in serum glucose and lipid components. Furthermore, the S. horneri component has been shown to suppress adipogenesis from rat bone marrow cells and inflammatory conditions in vitro. Notably, the growth of bone metastatic human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, which induce bone loss with osteolytic effects, was suppressed through culturing with the S. horneri water extract component in vitro. The S. horneri component, which has a molecular weight of less than 1000, was found to suppress the activation of NF-κB signaling by tumor necrosis factor-α, a cytokine associated with inflammation, in osteoblastic cells and macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro, suggesting a molecular mechanism. The bioactive component of S. horneri may play a multifunctional role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. This review outlines the advanced knowledge of the biological activity of the aqueous extract components of S. horneri and discusses the development of health supplements using this material.

Development of a Novel Formulation of Bioactive Glass Based Calcium Phosphate Cement for Bone Grafting

AbstractParticulate bone grafting material can travel from the implantation site and diminish the magnitude of required bone formation response and hence its effectiveness. An easily prepared moldable graft that rapidly sets rigid in situ would alleviate this problem and in this study, such an injectable bone graft material is presented. By combining calcium phosphate (CP) salts with a bioactive glass (BG) mixed with a 2.5% Na2HPO4 solution a novel BG‐based calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is produced. Immersion in Tris buffer and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions result in the rapid generation of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) phases – a pre‐requisite for “bioactivity”. Cement‐conditioned media does not result in any cytotoxic potential with respect to MTT activity, DNA content, or alkaline phosphatase activity with an osteoblastic cell line. Application of the cement into standardized surgical defects in the minipig mandible results in short‐term, moderate irritation at 3 and 6 weeks and complete replacement of cement with new bone at 12 weeks.

Biomimetic Mineralized 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffold Induced by Self-Adaptive Nanotopology to Accelerate Bone Regeneration.

Three-dimensional (3D)-printed biodegradable polymer scaffolds are at the forefront of personalized constructs for bone tissue engineering. However, it remains challenging to create a biological microenvironment for bone growth. Herein, we developed a novel yet feasible approach to facilitate biomimetic mineralization via self-adaptive nanotopography, which overcomes difficulties in the surface biofunctionalization of 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. The building blocks of self-adaptive nanotopography were PCL lamellae that formed on the 3D-printed PCL scaffold via surface-directed epitaxial crystallization and acted as a linker to nucleate and generate hydroxyapatite crystals. Accordingly, a uniform and robust mineralized layer was immobilized throughout the scaffolds, which strongly bound to the strands and had no effect on the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. In vitro cell culture experiments revealed that the resulting scaffold was biocompatible and enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryolous osteoblast cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the resulting scaffold showed a strong capability to accelerate in vivo bone regeneration using a rabbit bone defect model. This study provides valuable opportunities to enhance the application of 3D-printed scaffolds in bone repair, paving the way for translation to other orthopedic implants.

Bone Mimetic Polyetheretherketone Implant Coating Facilitates Early Osseointegration

AbstractAging society demands advanced bone implants that can achieve long‐term success through osseointegration at the bone‐implant interface. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a bioinert implant material, often struggles with connecting to existing bone tissue, leading to inflammation and implant replacement. Following nature's lessons, a new strategy is introduced that masks the surface of bio‐ and chemically inert Polyetheretherketone implants with a covalently anchored bone‐mimetic surface. This method transforms PEEK into a bone‐integrative material by grafting a ≈300 nm thick gelatin layer onto its surface, subsequently mineralized with calcium phosphate. Herein, it is showed that this surface modification for implant materials combines excellent bulk implant properties with the characteristic structure and functional properties of natural bone. In vitro biocompatibility assays, employing NIH‐3T3 fibroblast and MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cell lines, confirm the enhanced biocompatibility of the modified material. This strategy offers promising prospects for improving bone implants and exemplifies the adaptation of a non‐osseointegrative material to a bone‐like interface.

Osteoblast cell behavior on polyetheretherketone dental implant surfaces treated with different grit size aluminum oxide particles: An in vitro analysis

The hydrophobic and bioinert nature of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants needs to be addressed for successful osseointegration. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the osteoblast cell behavior on PEEK implant surfaces treated with airborne-particle abrasion using different grit size aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles. Disk-shaped specimens (n=96) were prepared from medical grade PEEK rods and were distributed into 4 groups (n=24) of untreated PEEK (PEEK 0), airborne-particle abrasion using 50-μm Al2O3 particles (PEEK 50), airborne-particle abrasion using 110-μm Al2O3 particles (PEEK 110), and airborne-particle abrasion using 150-μm Al2O3 particles (PEEK 150). The surface characteristics were assessed using water contact angle (WCA) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MG-63 osteoblast cells were cultured, and the biocompatibility of PEEK was assessed using a CellTiter-blue cell viability assay and florescence staining at day 1, 3, and 7. The specimens were stained with Alizarin red to assess the osteoblast cell differentiation on day 10 and 14. The Levene test was used to test the homogeneity of variances. One-way and Welch ANOVA with post hoc corrections were used to assess the overall statistical significance of differences among the groups (α=.05). The lowest mean WCA was demonstrated in PEEK 150 (49.25 ±5.51) and the highest in PEEK 0 (89.14 ±4.24) (P<.001). SEM images of PEEK 150 illustrated a more complex structure with a large area of globular outcroppings throughout the surface. PEEK 150 showed the highest cell metabolic activity at each time point with florescence staining showing a substantial cell confluence at day 3 and 7. Although PEEK 150 did not show a significant increase in cell proliferation, the number of cells attached was significantly higher than other groups (P<.05). PEEK 110 and 150 also showed a substantial increase in the extent of mineralization. Airborne-particle abrasion using moderate Al2O3 grit size (110- or 150-μm) improved the hydrophilicity and osteoblast cell behavior on PEEK implants.

Enhancing bone tissue engineering using iron nanoparticles and magnetic fields: A focus on cytomechanics and angiogenesis in the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane model.

To evaluate the potential of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) in conjunction with magnetic fields (MFs) to enhance osteoblast cytomechanics, promote cell homing, bone development activity, and antibacterial capabilities, and to assess their in vivo angiogenic viability using the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Experimental study conducted in a laboratory setting to investigate the effects of FeNPs and MFs on osteoblast cells and angiogenesis using a custom titanium (Ti) substrate coated with FeNPs. A custom titanium (Ti) was coated with FeNPs. Evaluations were conducted to analyze the antibacterial properties, cell adhesion, durability, physical characteristics, and nanoparticle absorption associated with FeNPs. Cell physical characteristics were assessed using protein markers, and microscopy, CAM model, was used to quantify blood vessel formation and morphology to assess the FeNP-coated Ti's angiogenic potential. This in vivo study provided critical insights into tissue response and regenerative properties for biomedical applications. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests to compare experimental groups and controls. Significance was determined at P < 0.05. FeNPs and MFs notably improved osteoblast cell mechanical properties facilitated the growth and formation of new blood vessels and bone tissue and promoted cell migration to targeted sites. In the group treated with FeNPs and exposed to MFs, there was a significant increase in vessel percentage area (76.03%) compared to control groups (58.11%), along with enhanced mineralization and robust antibacterial effects (P < 0.05). The study highlights the promising potential of FeNPs in fostering the growth of new blood vessels, promoting the formation of bone tissue, and facilitating targeted cell migration. These findings underscore the importance of further investigating the mechanical traits of FeNPs, as they could significantly advance the development of effective bone tissue engineering techniques, ultimately enhancing clinical outcomes in the field.

Yunnan Baiyao Might Mitigate Periodontitis Bone Destruction by Inhibiting Autophagy and Promoting Osteoblast Differentiation in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that eventually destroys tooth-supporting tissue. Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY), a traditional Chinese medicine compound with haemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties has shown therapeutic potential in several diseases. Our previous study revealed that YNBY suppressed osteoclast differentiation in periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of YNBY on osteoblasts and explore its potential mechanisms. A rat periodontitis model was established by ligation of maxillary second molars. After the end of modelling, histopathological observation by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining, detection of bone resorption by Micro-CT scanning, detection of osteoclasts by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) by immunohistochemistry. Lipopolysaccharides was used to irritate MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and ex vivo calvarial organ as an in vitro model of inflammation. CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the toxicity of YNBY to MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Osteogenesis was assessed with alizarin red staining, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Transmission electron microscopy, fluorescent double staining, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect autophagy. Histological and micro-CT analyses revealed that YNBY gavage reduced bone loss caused by experimental periodontitis and upregulated osteogenic proteins in vivo. YNBY attenuated the production of autophagy-related proteins in periodontitis rats. Additionally, YNBY promoted osteogenesis by inhibiting inflammation-induced autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, YNBY suppressed LPS-mediated bone resorption and promoted the production of osteoblast-related proteins in inflamed calvarial tissues ex vivo. This study demonstrated, through in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experiments, that YNBY promoted osteoblast differentiation by suppressing autophagy, which markedly alleviated bone destruction caused by periodontitis.

Surface modification of Ti40Cu40Zr11Fe3Sn3Ag3 amorphous alloy for enhanced biocompatibility in implant applications

This study focuses on the design of a new Ti based multicomponent amorphous alloy for the development of biocompatible implant materials with enhanced hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. While this class of amorphous alloys has shown its potential for biomedical implant applications, there are major concerns due to the presence of elements such as copper which can lead to cytotoxicity in the human body during long term implantation. Nevertheless, copper is indispensable in the development of an amorphous alloy. Thus, the objective of this work is to selectively remove copper from the surface of the Ti40Cu40Zr11Fe3Sn3Ag3 (at%) amorphous alloy using the dealloying technique and produce a patterned protective passivated surface rich in Ti and Zr oxides. Nitric acid (HNO3) has been found to be effective in depleting copper from the sample surface. Optimization of treatment parameters such as temperature (70 °C and room temperature) yielded drastic differences in the morphology of the samples studied using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The treated sample surface demonstrated good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility with primary human osteoblast cells (HOb) and human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Additionally, the treated samples showed higher ability to produce reactive oxygen species with respect to pristine samples, which could be convenient for preserving the implant from bacterial contamination. These findings contribute to the advancement of producing copper-depleted nanostructured Ti based amorphous alloys for biomedical implant applications.

Negative Regulation of LINC01013 by METTL3 and YTHDF2 Enhances the Osteogenic Differentiation of Senescent Pre-Osteoblast Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide.

Senescent pre-osteoblasts have a reduced ability to differentiate, which leads to a reduction in bone formation. It is critical to identify the keys that regulate the differentiation fate of senescent pre-osteoblasts. LINC01013 has an essential role in cell stemness, differentiation, and senescence regulation. This study aims to examine the role and mechanism of LINC01013 in regulating osteogenic differentiation in senescent human embryonic osteoblast cell line (hFOB1.19) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results show that LINC01013 decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization of hFOB1.19 cells in vitro, and the expression of collagen II, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein. LINC01013 knockdown enhances the osteogenesis of hFOB1.19 cells and rescues osteogenic differentiation impaired by H2O2. METTL3 negatively regulates LINC01013 expression, enhancing hFOB1.19 cells' osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. METTL3 overexpression can enhance hFOB1.19 cells' osteogenic differentiation impaired by H2O2. YTHDF2 promotes LINC01013 decay, facilitating osteogenic differentiation. YTHDF2 overexpression rescues hFOB1.19 cells osteogenic differentiation impaired by H2O2. Taken together, METTL3 upregulates osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting LINC01013, and YTHDF2 accelerates LINC01013 degradation, reducing its inhibitory effect. This study highlights LINC01013 as a key regulator in the fate switching process of senescent hFOB1.19 cells, impacting osteogenic differentiation.

Biological Activities of Deer Antler-Derived Peptides on Human Chondrocyte and Bone Metabolism.

Orally administered "tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin" is a common traditional medicine for patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. From the pepsin-digested gelatin, we previously isolated and identified the osteoblast-stimulating pentapeptide, TSKYR. Its trypsin digestion products include the dipeptide YR, enhancing calcium ion uptake, and tripeptide TSK, resulting in remarkable 30- and 50-fold increases in mineralized nodule area and density in human osteoblast cells. These peptides were chemically synthesized in this study. The composition of deer antler preparations comprises not only proteins and peptides but also a significant quantity of metal ion salts. By analyzing osteoblast growth in the presence of peptide YR and various metal ions, we observed a synergistic effect of calcium and strontium on the effects of YR. Those peptides could also stimulate the growth of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and human chondrocytes, increasing collagen and glycosaminoglycan content in a three-dimensional environment. The maintenance of bone homeostasis relies on a balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Deer antler peptides were observed to inhibit osteoclast differentiation, as evidenced by ROS generation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) activity assays, and gene expression in RAW264.7 cells. In summary, our findings provide a deep understanding of the efficacy of this folk medicine.

Immunomodulation of Cancer Cells Using Autologous Blood Concentrates as a Patient-Specific Cell Culture System: A Comparative Study on Osteosarcoma and Fibrosarcoma Cell Lines.

The understanding that tumor cells might evade immunity through various mutations and the potential of an augmented immune system to eliminate abnormal cells led to the idea of utilizing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a blood concentrate containing the body's immune elements as an adjunctive therapy for localized tumors. This study is the first that evaluated the effect of PRF generated with different relative centrifugal forces (RCFs) on osteoblastic and fibroblastic tumor cell lines MG63 and HT1080 with regard to cell viability, cytokine and growth factor release, and the gene expression of factors related to the cell cycle and apoptosis. Our findings could demonstrate decreased cell proliferation of MG63 and HT1080 when treated indirectly with PRF compared to cell cultures without PRF. This effect was more distinct when the cells were treated with low-RCF PRF, where higher concentrations of growth factors and cytokines with reduced RCFs can be found. Similar patterns were observed when assessing the regulation of gene expression related to the cell cycle and apoptosis in both MG63 and HT1080 cells treated with PRF. Despite variations, there was a consistent trend of an up-regulation of tumor-suppressive genes and a down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes in both cell types following treatment with high- and, particularly, low-RCF PRF formulations.

Abstract 2032: Osteoblasts alter their protein expression profile in the presence of prostate cancer cells to facilitate their invasion

Abstract Bone metastasis is the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Since the bone microenvironment plays an important role in this process, attention has been directed to the interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, including osteoblasts. Here, we investigated the mechanism of interactions between prostate cancer cells (DU-145 and PC-3) and osteoblast cell line hFOB.1.19. We are investigating the broader effects of four different nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) analogs 5-fluoro-1-((1R,4R)-4-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (KBMD-E), 3-benzoyl-5-fluoro-1-((1S,4S)-4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (KBMD-G), 1-((1R,4R)-4-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-yl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (KBMD-H) and 1-(5-hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (KBMD-S) along with aPKC specific inhibitors ICA-1S and ζ-Stat to develop as potential anti-cancer drugs. Our previous publications suggested that aPKC-ι and ζ are involved in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Current data suggested that aPKC specific inhibitors along with KBMD compounds induced apoptosis and pyroptosis of DU-145 and PC-3 while having lesser effects on hFOB.1.19 cell line. Our data demonstrate that osteoblasts assist prostate cells to establish in the bone microenvironment by producing metastatic stimulating chemokines while upregulating responsible transcription factors such as c-Jun. In addition, our preliminary data suggested that PKC-ι and ζ are crucial for driving critical steps of the metastatic cascades of prostate cancer cells. Preliminary data suggested that all 6 compounds upregulated interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β while downregulating IL-8, IL-6 and CXCL-1. Upregulation of Caspase 8 with cleaved gasdermin D in prostate cells indicates an increase in pyroptosis. Our preliminary results suggest that all 6 compounds can be used to disrupt the main steps of prostate cancer bone metastasis which can be targeted to develop customized, tailored therapies for bone metastatic prostate cancer which merit further research. Citation Format: Aaron J. Todman, Wishrawana S. Ratnayake, Luke Lajmi, Sloan Breedy, Abiral H. Shourav, Kirpal Bisht, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. Osteoblasts alter their protein expression profile in the presence of prostate cancer cells to facilitate their invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2032.

Retracted: The Anatase Phase of Nanotopography Titania with Higher Roughness Has Better Biocompatibility in Osteoblast Cell Morphology and Proliferation.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/8032718.].

Caspase-9 Is a Positive Regulator of Osteoblastic Cell Migration Identified by diaPASEF Proteomics.

Caspase-9 is traditionally considered the initiator caspase of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In the past decade, however, other functions beyond initiation/execution of cell death have been described including cell type-dependent regulation of proliferation, differentiation/maturation, mitochondrial, and endosomal/lysosomal homeostasis. As previous studies revealed nonapoptotic functions of caspases in osteogenesis and bone homeostasis, this study was performed to identify proteins and pathways deregulated by knockout of caspase-9 in mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation serial fragmentation (diaPASEF) proteomics was used to compare protein profiles of control and caspase-9 knockout cells. A total of 7669 protein groups were quantified, and 283 upregulated/141 downregulated protein groups were associated with the caspase-9 knockout phenotype. The deregulated proteins were mainly enriched for those associated with cell migration and motility and DNA replication/repair. Altered migration was confirmed in MC3T3-E1 cells with the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of caspase-9. ABHD2, an established regulator of cell migration, was identified as a possible substrate of caspase-9. We conclude that caspase-9 acts as a modulator of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell migration and, therefore, may be involved in bone remodeling and fracture repair.

Optimization and analysis of sustainable magnesium-based alloy (Mg-Zn-Ca-Y) for biomedical applications

Due to strength and biodegradability, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are potential biodegradable implant materials. However, pure Mg corrodes more rapidly in the physiological environment, causing rapid deterioration before bone repair. The discrepancy between bone healing and Mg implant deterioration encourages the development of new Mg alloys with other acceptable alloying elements to achieve the desired high corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this work, different concentrations of yttrium (Y), that is, Mg-4zn-0.2ca-xY, (x= 3,6,9,12% wt), are added to Mg-based alloys. The microstructure, mechanical characteristics, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of the alloys were carefully investigated. When Y concentrations are high, Mg alloys with Y change significantly. High Y concentrations in Mg alloys containing yttrium (Y) suppress intermetallic phases along grain boundaries and form chemically stable Y oxide layers on the surfaces, changing their microstructures and improving their corrosion resistance. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that human osteoblast cells were not significantly affected by the Y-containing Mg alloys. The benefits of using Y as an alloying element to simultaneously adjust Mg alloys with higher strength and slower deterioration are presented.

Scratch resistance and in-vitro biocompatibility of plasma-sprayed baghdadite coatings reinforced with carbon nanotubes

Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) coatings, commonly used for metallic implants, have limitations such as excessive brittleness, low fracture toughness, inadequate wear resistance, and slow osseointegration properties. In contrast, baghdadite (BAG, Ca3ZrSi2O9), a calcium zirconium silicate-based bioceramic, exhibits outstanding biological properties, to promote cell proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts along with adequate mechanical strength. In this study, plasma-sprayed HA, BAG, and carbon nanotubes (CNT, 1 wt%, and 2 wt%) reinforced BAG coatings are deposited on titanium (Ti) substrate to enhance its mechanical as well as biological properties. The microhardness values of CNT-reinforced BAG coatings increase due to a decrease in porosity and the retention of CNT inside the BAG matrix. Progressive loading scratch tests are performed, revealing a reduction in wear volume loss from 15.051 mm3 to 12.574 mm3 and scratch rate from 43.262 mm3N−1 m−1 to 36.172 mm3N−1 m−1 with the addition of 2 wt% CNT in BAG coatings. The scratch hardness test results demonstrated that introducing CNT into BAG coating significantly enhances its performance, showing a remarkable 38.7 % improvement. In-vitro cell culture studies indicate excellent cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells on the surfaces of the CNT-reinforced BAG coatings.

Combination of stem cell-derived secretome from human exfoliated deciduous teeth with Yemeni Sidr honey on cell viability and migration: an in vitro study

IntroductionBone diseases have a profound global impact, especially when the body’s innate regenerative capacity falls short in the face of extensive damage. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), discovered in 2003, offer a promising solution for tissue repair, as they self-renew naturally and are easily obtainable. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including SHEDs, are believed to promote tissue regeneration by releasing growth factors, collectively known as the secretome.AimsThis study explored the potential of combining SHED-derived secretome with Yemeni Sidr honey to improve osteoblast and fibroblast cell viability and migration.Materials and methodsThe experiment involved treating cell cultures of two types of rat cell lines - 7F2 osteoblast and BHK-21 fibroblast immortalized cells - with SHED-derived secretome and Yemeni Sidr honey. After the treatment, cell viability was measured using the MTT assay, which calculates OD at 590 nm. Additionally, the scratch assay was conducted to evaluate cell migration, and ImageJ software was used for data processing.ResultsThe findings indicated that combining SHED-derived secretome and Yemeni Sidr honey enhanced osteoblast and fibroblast cell viability and migration. Furthermore, the study highlighted the difference in the stimulative potential of SHED-derived secretome, Yemeni Sidr honey, and their combination, on the viability and migration of the cultured cells.ConclusionThe research concludes that combining SHED-derived secretome with Yemeni Sidr honey has the potential to promote cell viability and migration in in-vitro settings. The synergistic application of these substances has been found to be more effective -when combined in a dose-dependent manner- than their counterparts. Overall, the current study serves as a foundation for further investigations to establish if the explored substance has any useful clinical applications.

Identification of the murine osteoblastic cell MC3T3-E1 as a permissive cell line in response to lumpy skin disease virus

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a rapidly emerging pathogen in China. Screening suitable cells for LSDV replication is vital for future research on pathogenic mechanisms and vaccine development. Previous comparative studies have identified that the rodent-derived BHK21 is a highly susceptible cell model to LSDV infection. Using western blot, indirect immune-fluorescence assay, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy methods, this study is the first to identify the murine osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 as a novel permissive cell model for LSDV infection. The establishment of MC3T3-E1 as a suitable infectious cell model enhances our understanding of the species range and cell types of the permissive cells and nonpermissive that support LSDV replication. It is helpful to accelerate future research on the pathogenesis, clinical application, and vaccine development of LSDV.

Sol-gel derived bioactive glasses containing boron and strontium: Bioactivity, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties

This study was aimed at the biological characterization of bioactive glasses in the systems of (60-x) SiO2–36CaO–4P2O5–xB2O3, and (60-x) SiO2–31CaO–4P2O5–5SrO-xB2O3 (x = 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 mol%) synthesized through sol-gel technique. The influence of boron and strontium addition on in vivo bioactivity, antibacterial efficiency, and cell viability was studied. The morphological and structural assessments indicated that the bioactive glasses with chemical compositions of 50SiO2–31CaO–4P2O5–5SrO-10B2O3 (BG-5S10B), and 45SiO2–31CaO–4P2O5–5SrO-15B2O3 (BG-5S15B) possessed the highest bioactivity, owing to faster ion release and superior ability to induce apatite precipitation. The findings of the cell viability assay highlighted significant improvements in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells through the incorporation of strontium and boron (up to 10 %). Notably, the BG-5S10B sample exhibited exceptional biocompatibility and substantial antibacterial effectiveness on both E. coli and S. aureus. A combination of favorable biological properties makes BG-5S10B a highly promising option for use in bone tissue engineering applications.

Modulation of calcium-influx by carboxymethyl tamarind‑gold nanoparticles promotes biomineralization for tissue regeneration

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been reported to modulate bone tissue regeneration and are being extensively utilized in biomedical implementations attributable to their low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and simplicity of functionalization. Lately, biologically synthesized nanoparticles have acquired popularity because of their environmentally acceptable alternatives for diverse applications. Here we report the green synthesis of AuNPs by taking the biopolymer Carboxymethyl Tamarind (CMT) as a unique reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The synthesized CMT-AuNPs were analyzed by UV–vis spectrophotometer, DLS, FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM. These results suggest that CMT-AuNPs possess an average size of 19.93 ± 8.52 nm and have long-term stability. Further, these CMT-AuNPs promote the proliferation together with the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells in a “dose-dependent” manner. Additionally, CMT-AuNPs are non-toxic to SD rats when applied externally. We suggest that the CMT-AuNPs have the potential to be a suitable and non-toxic agent for differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast cells in vitro and this can be tested in vivo as well.