Oryol Region Research Articles

Use of microbiological preparations in the cultivation of promising soybean varieties in the Oryol region

We studied the effect of microbiological preparations on increasing the yield of soybeans of different varieties. The work was carried out in the conditions of the Oryol region in 2019–2023. Objects of research: soybean varieties Leader 1, Mezenka, Orleya, Osmon, Zusha, as well as Biostim Start preparations, Rizoform Soya, Organit Р, Organit N, Pseudobacterin 3, Biodux, used in pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding of soybean plants in phases 1…3 of trifoliate leaves and budding. The highest increase in soybean yield (6.0 %) compared to the control is provided by inoculation of seeds of the Zusha variety with Rizoform Soya in combination with Biostim Start. Pre-sowing seed treatment in combination with foliar fertilizing with preparations Organit Р, Organit N, Pseudobacterin 3, Biodux in the presence of native races of rhizobacteria in the soil contributed to the introduction of microorganisms included in their composition into the rhizosphere community of plants with subsequent participation in the activation of nitrogen nutrition processes of the latter. On average, for varieties, the number and weight of nodules in the variant with pre-sowing treatment and 2 foliar applications increased by 57.6 and 65 %, respectively, compared to the control, nitrogenase activity – by 67.3 %. The use of a combination of the preparations Organit Р, Organit N, Pseudobacterin 3 and Biodux by pre-sowing seed treatment and one foliar feeding in the phase 1…3 of trifoliate leaves provided the greatest increase in the yield of the Leader 1 variety 0.29 t/ha, Zusha – 0.35, Mezenka – 0 .40 t/ha. The maximum increase in protein content in grain was observed in the Mezenka variety in the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment and 1 or 2 foliar fertilizers – by 1.1 and 1.0 %, respectively.

Communication and information model of the inclusion of digital participation in the evaluation of social processes

The evolution and wide use of modern technologies, tools and methods of communication are an integral part of the modern information society. In particular, current communication and information technologies provide an opportunity to create and extract a digital footprint for an individual or a certain group. In relation to the public authorities’ activities, the digital footprint can be used to analyse the reaction of society to their actions more effectively. By researching the digital footprint of social media actors in a particular region, it is possible to determine how the population treats various decisions and measures taken by the authorities. Due to digital participation, citizens have the opportunity and a tool to facilitate the management process at the stages of decision-making. The digital participation generates a digital footprint, the analysis of which provides feedback on the actions of the authorities. The purpose of the article is to propose a communicative and information model for the inclusion of the digital participation in the evaluation of social processes, consisting of mechanisms and interfaces for obtaining information alongside with mechanisms and interfaces for receiving feedback for evaluating the activities of public authorities in the region. The efficiency of the model has been practically proved by the example of a socially significant event in the Oryol region. Using the example of regional management centres, the expediency of introducing the model for evaluating the activities of public authorities in the region through receiving feedback is shown. This will increase the involvement of citizens in the regulation of social processes in the region and improve the quality of management.

The regional features of digitalization in public administration: experience of the Orel region

Relevance. Russian regions are characterized by varying degrees of readiness for the introduction of digital technologies into the management system, this process often takes place formally and does not imply a significant change in the format of interaction between the population and business, on the one hand, and regional executive authorities, on the other. The study of the specifics of digitalization of public administration will allow to identify "bottlenecks" for improving measures to support digital transformation at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation, to identify and replicate successful experience.The purpose of the article is predetermined by its topic and is to determine the regional features of the digitalization of public administration in the Orel region.Objectives. To achieve this goal, the theoretical, methodological, organizational and regulatory foundations of digitalization of public administration are considered, a comparative analysis of key indicators of digitalization in this area is carried out, the opportunities and threats of digitalization are determined, taking into account the specifics of the socio-economic development of the region under study.Methodology. The materials for the study were official statistics presented on the official websites of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, compiled by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the “Information Society” section. The main research methods are statistical analysis of data series, comparative analysis, SWOT analysis.Results. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the basic conditions for the digital transformation of management in the Oryol region have been formed: relevant regional strategies and programs have been developed and are being implemented, benchmarks for their implementation have been established, the system of authorities is functioning and the infrastructure necessary for successful digitalization is being developed. At the same time, there is no list of specific measures necessary for the integration of state regional information systems into federal super services, measures for personnel and financial support for digitalization processes, increasing the level of digital literacy of the population, and intensifying outreach work among the population. Solving these problems will improve the efficiency of the digital transformation of public administration in the Orel region.Conclusions. Regional specifics determine the effectiveness of the digital transformation of public administration in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and therefore regional programs should not only repeat federal initiatives, but also adapt them taking into account the territorial characteristics of socio-economic development.

Результаты экспериментальных измерений эрозионных потерь почвы в свально-развальных бороздах и в ручьях, сформировавшихся на сельскохозяйственном поле с выпаханными почвами (бассейн Сухой Орлицы Орловского района Орловской области)

Erosion losses of soil in agricultural fields are difficult to account for due to the need for a differentiated approach to assessing soil losses due to the complex structure of the field surface, and, consequently, due to the need to model the process in each of the areas that differ in the conditions of erosion processes. The article discusses the technology of accounting for erosion losses of soil in dump-collapse furrows and in streams formed by rainfall, in areas of agricultural fields, the soils of which differ in the degree of ploughing. The results of an experiment conducted on a site with gray forest soils ploughed to varying degrees are presented. The plot is located in the Oryol district of the Oryol region. The soil-morphological method using the cesium-137 isotope of Chernobyl origin as a marker was used to determine the volume of washed-off soil delivered to the receiving ravine (3-4 tons/ha per year) from a 50,000 m2 hollow, the territory of which is occupied by weakly plowed and very weakly plowed soils. Layer-by-layer sampling of soil by depth in the thalweg of a stream formed in two plots (with strongly plowed and weakly plowed soils) made it possible to determine the degree of soil erosion in the thalweg of this stream in each of the plots. It was found that both in strongly plowed and weakly plowed plots the intensity of soil loss in the stream formed by rainfall is equally high. Heavily plowed soils lose soil in a stream in a volume 2.3 times greater than the amount of soil washed away in the dump-collapse furrows on the same site and 5.4 times greater than the amount of soil washed away in the dump-collapse furrows on a site with very weakly plowed soils (on the watershed space). It is proposed to take into account the erosive soil losses in streams in the calculation scheme by introducing an increasing coefficient to the data obtained from the soil loss intensity map published earlier. The locations for introducing the coefficient can be determined by overlaying (in a GIS environment) the map on a high-resolution satellite image with dump-collapse furrows. The coordinates of the thalwegs of streams should be determined using GPS or data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Keywords: SPACE IMAGE, CESIUM-137, HOLLOW COMPLEX, PLOWED SOILS, DUMP-RUIN FURROWS, STREAMS, RAINFALL, SOIL WASH-OFF

A comparative analysis of anti-seizure drugs consumption released for free or with a discount

Aim – to conduct a comparative analysis of the structure of consumption of anti-seizure drugs dispensed free of charge or at a discount for the period of 2017-2021 at the regional level. Material and methods. The data was collected from the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of preferential drug provision, as well as regulatory and organizational documentation on pharmaceutical activities. Preferential prescriptions issued for the period from 2017 to 2021 in the Orel region were analyzed. The ATC/DDD methodology was used to estimate the consumption. Results. It was revealed that preferential anti-seizure drugs were mainly taken by people aged 40-64 years. In 2017-2018, the consumption of anticonvulsants was higher in women. In 2019-2021, the consumption level was higher in men. Most of the anti-seizure drugs consumers were federal beneficiaries, usually disabled people of group II. The highest value of consumption among the top 5 INNs of antiepileptic drugs during the study period was observed for phenobarbital. The drugs containing valproic acid, topiramate and carbamazepine were characterized by increasing consumption throughout the study period. For benzobarbital, a pattern of consumption stability was revealed. Conclusion. The ATC/DDD analysis of the consumption structure for anti-seizure drugs within the program of subsidized drug provision for the population made it possible to identify the objective data on the dynamics of consumption for various generations. In order to reduce the consumption of drugs with an unfavorable safety profile, it is necessary to conduct training seminars for doctors of the relevant profile.

СКЕЛЕТ МУЖЧИНЫ С ТЕРРИТОРИИ ДРЕВНЕРУССКОГО ГОРОДА-КРЕПОСТИ КРОМЫ

During the development of the scientific topic «Verkhovskie Principalities» of the XIV - early XV centuries (by A.V. Erokhin and D.S. Vukolov) a burial was found on the territory of the medieval fortress city of Kroma (modern Oryol region), which can date from both ancient Russian and modern times (before the XVIII century). The article presents an individual paleoanthropological description according to classical craniological, odontological and osteological methods. To sum up, in the burial there was an adult man of 40-45 years old, Caucasian appearance, below medium height, with massive tibia. The distinctive features of the man’s appearance were the protruding right upper canine, the congenital absence of the left second upper incisor and the lifetime loss of the right upper incisors. Moreover, the individual belongs to the Western odontological trunk, groups with strongly differentiated first lower premolars. The man suffered from osteochondrosis, had carious lesion9s of the teeth. There is hypoplasia on the tooth enamel, lifetime chips and strong deposits of tartar. The role of the city of Kroma in the development of Russian history is extremely important, so additional research is required to identify bone remains in the near future.

Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Issues of Concern

In the Russian Federation, cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of both morbidity and mortality and high economic costs of healthcare. Early identification of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their primary prevention underlie the ongoing process to reduce these indicators. The purpose of this work was to conduct a clinical and epidemiological study to analyze the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in young and middle-aged people living in the Oryol region. Materials and methods: The prospective study included 353 young and middle-aged patients with acute forms of coronary artery disease (unstable angina and myocardial infarction) and 112 apparently healthy individuals. All respondents were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors and patient adherence to treatment, for a total of 21 parameters. Results: according to the study, it was found that among young and middle-aged patients living in the Oryol region, IHD develops against the background of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the prevailing ones being arterial hypertension (88.6 %), sedentary lifestyle (68 %), poor nutrition (53.0 %) and alcohol consumption (52 %), their gender differences were established. Conclusion. The analysis of the frequency of occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors showed their widespread prevalence among the population, low awareness of the population and insufficient adherence of patients to treatment.

Organic carbon as a factor of iodine differentiation of the soil cover in the Bryansk and Oryol regions by iodine availability

The distribution of stable iodine and humus in the upper horizon (0–20 cm) of various types of soils of the Bryansk and Oryol regions used as pastures has been studied. Soil sampling was carried out with a hand stick drill in layers in the depth interval: 0–5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10–20 cm. Iodine content was determined by kinetic rhodanide-nitrite method. Corg content was determined by the bichromate method of Tyurin. The work includes data from both long-term studies of the iodine content in the soil cover of the Bryansk region (2008–2020) and new data from expeditionary studies in the Oryol region (2022). It is shown that the soils of the Bryansk pastures are depleted of iodine and organic carbon (OC) in comparison with the Oryol region, which corresponds to the change of soil cover composition from west to east. The humus content in soils was determined and statistically significant correlation between iodine and C org. content in pasture soils were obtained (from r = 0.28 in Chernozems to r = 0.49 in Haplic Albeluvisols; in addition, for the whole sample (n = 48) the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.31 in the 0–5 cm layer to 0.43 in the 10–20 cm layer). The dependence of iodine accumulation on the OC content in different types of soils (Chernozems, Grey-Luvic Phaeozems, Umbric Albeluvisols, Haplic Albeluvisols) and their hydromorphism has been established. The identified differences in soil iodine fixation should be considered as they may influence iodine intake levels in pasture animal milk and local rations.

The role of microbiological monitoring in the prevention and control of antibiotic resistance

The article deals with the problem of antibiotic resistance of opportunistic microorganisms. The aim of the study is to determine the predominant microflora of a medical organization and to develop protocols for empirical antibacterial therapy in infectious and inflammatory processes. The main groups of infectious agents in the departments for the treatment of patients with new coronavirus infection of the Oryol region «Botkin City Hospital» for 2020–2022 are analyzed. Isolation, identification and determination of antibiotic sensitivity were carried out using standard methods. The results of the study made it possible to identify priority microorganisms and assess their antibiotic resistance. The growth of resistance to carbapenems of microorganisms isolated from patients in 2020–2021 was revealed. The effect obtained from the correction of antibiotic therapy has been shown, which has significantly reduced the resistance of isolated strains to carbapenems. To ensure effective epidemiological surveillance of clinically significant microorganisms and curb the growth of antimicrobial resistance in medical organizations of the Orel region, it is important to consider the possibility of maintaining a regional medical information system in order to monitor the prevalence of potential pathogens of infectious diseases, including those related to the provision of medical care resistant to antimicrobial drugs.

Analysis of benzimidazole anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> using nested isothermal amplification (PCR)

The purpose of the research is to monitor farms located in the European part of the Russian Federation to identify resistance to effects of benzimidazole anthelmintics in populations of nematodes Haemonchus contortus dwelling in the gastrointestinal tract of small cattle.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in slaughterhouses located in the Moscow Region in 2023–2024. At the first stage, taxonomic identification of parasitic nematodes and larvae (L3) was made, and Strongylata species was determined from sheep. The study material was the abomasum with duodenum fragments and a distal rectum fragment with feces. For molecular studies, we used mature nematodes and H. contortus L3 larvae isolated from the abomasum and feces of small cattle brought to slaughterhouses in the Moscow Region from 8 regions of the European part of the Russian Federation: Moscow, Astrakhan, Oryol, Lipetsk, Tula, Bryansk regions, Stavropol and Dagestan. The studies were conducted at the premises of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the VNIIP – FSC VIEV. Statistical processing of the obtained data was made, and mean infection rates of parasitic nematodes (infection intensity and prevalence) were determined. Fifty-six DNA samples of nematodes H. contortus were examined using nested isothermal amplification (PCR) to identify gene alleles that determine resistance to benzimidazole drugs.Results and discussion. Molecular genetic studies of H. contortus DNA sampled from sheep brought from different Regions only detected homozygous individuals (100%) resistant to benzimidazole in the parasitic nematode population from the Oryol Region. Other regions identified only homozygous and heterozygous individuals susceptible to benzimidazole.

The problem of iodine deficiency in the environment and prevention of iodine deficiency diseases in the Orel region

Iodine deficiency diseases continue to be a problem in various regions of the world, especially in areas with low iodine content in soils and waters. Among other regions of Russia, the Orel region belongs to territories with a low iodine content in the environment. The aim of the work was to analyze the state of the problem of iodine deficiency in the environment and the prevention of iodine deficiency diseases in the Orel region based on scientific literature data. To achieve this goal, scientific publications, accounting and reporting statistics related to the problem of iodine deficiency were studied. The analysis showed a low iodine content in water, soil and food products produced in the territory of the Oryol region. An assessment of citizens’ preferences for certain foods revealed the priority of bakery and dairy products. Measures are being taken in the region to enrich these food products with iodine, but low awareness of the population reduces the effectiveness of preventive measures. As priority areas for the prevention of iodine deficiency conditions in the Orel region, it is necessary to continue work on the inclusion of food additives and products enriched with this trace element in the diet of residents of the region. At the same time, it will be important to intensify awareness-raising work with the population.

Кречетов Петр Иванович: жизнь и творчество

The article discusses the life and work of Petr Ivanovich Krechetov, a native of the city of Oryol, a graduate of a theological seminary, who studied law at the Yuriev University, an official in the Livonian and Amur provinces, and an emigrant in Manchuria. P.I. Krechetov was a literary figure who contributed to Russian literature and journalism at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. His works are referred to by modern literary critics as small im-pressionist prose. His critical articles are devoted to outstanding figures of Russian culture of the early XX cen-tury. P.I. Krechetov was one of the pioneers of local history of the Oryol region. To write the article, sources are involved in scientific circulation, including those extracted from the funds of the State Archives of the Khaba-rovsk Territory, previously unknown to researchers of the work of P.I. Krechetov. Thanks to this it became possi-ble to trace his creative path in the Russian Far East and in emigration.

The importance of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in solving official tasks in the event of emergency situations (on the example of the Oryol Region)

The importance of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in solving official tasks in the event of emergency situations (on the example of the Oryol Region)

The influence of biological products and growth regulators on the yield and quality indicators of pea seeds of various varieties.

Peas are an important agricultural crop of great importance in human and animal nutrition. Peas, being a legume crop, help replenish nitrogen reserves in the soil. In field studies of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Goat Crops (Oryol region), the influence of various growth regulators and biological products on the yield and quality indicators of pea seeds of the Nord and Multik varieties was studied. Pea plants are grown on dark gray forest, medium loamy soil of average cultivation. Before sowing, pea seeds were treated with solutions of Kornevin, Albit and Epin-extra by soaking for 5 hours. Solutions of the drugs were used at a concentration of 10-6 M, then dried and treated with Rizotorfin before sowing. Growth rates during the growing season and the yield of pea plants were determined. The content of protein, starch and amylose in starch was determined in the seeds. Research results have shown that the yield of pea plants depends on weather conditions. Under favorable weather conditions, the highest yield was obtained from the pea variety Nord (42.2 c/ha) in the variant with seed treatment with Kornevin, and in the Multik variety (43.0 c/ha) when treated with Rizotorfin. In arid conditions, the highest yield of peas of the Nord variety was obtained using the preparations Epin-extra and Kornevin. The highest yield of peas of the Multik variety was obtained using the preparations Rizotorfin, Kornevin and Epin-Extra. The research results, confirmed by statistical evaluation, showed that bioregulators and growth regulators help stimulate the amount of nitrogen supplied to plants, as well as the synthetic processes of protein synthesis. This contributed to improving the quality of seeds and green mass.

HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS IN POPULATION OVER WORKING AGE

Highlights An analysis of the medical and demographic situation in the Russian Federation during the covid years (2020–2021) showed that the mortality rate in the studied population increased by 39.1%, the primary morbidity rate – by 26.3%, the incidence of COVID-19 increased by 135.6% and amounted to 10,304.1. The results of the study should be taken into account in the development of management decisions on the health of the elderly population at the federal, regional and municipal levels, as well as for planning dispensary work and preventive care for this population. Aim. To conduct an analysis of medical and demographic indicators and mortality rate in the population older than working age to develop management solutions regarding the health of older adults in the context of pension reforms.Methods. The study analyzed statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Central Scientific Research Institute of Public Health of the Russian Ministry of Health for period from 2012 to 2021.Results. The mortality rate in the population older than working age in the Russian Federation in 2021 amounted to 5 102.3‰oo. In the federal districts, the fluctuations in indicators were 1.3-fold: from 4 091.6‰oo in the North Caucasian Federal District to 5 374.6 in the Siberian Federal District. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the difference between indicators was significant (2.9-fold): from 2 066.6‰oo in the Republic of Ingushetia to 5 974.6 in the Novgorod region. In 2021, the primary morbidity rate in the population older than working age in the Russian Federation was 66 183.5, in the Federal District the difference between indicators was 1.25-fold, the highest values ​​were noted in the Siberian Federal District – 73 257.0‰oo, the lowest in the Central Federal District – 58 462.2. In other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the difference was significant as well (2.3-fold): the Oryol region showed 91 162.7‰oo, in the Kursk region - 39 282.9. In 2021, the following diseases had high morbidity rate in the Russian Federation: respiratory diseases – 21 391.3‰oo (32.3%), COVID-19 – 10 304.1 (15.6%), injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes – 6 528.1‰oo (9.9%), and diseases of the circulatory system amounted to 6 191.7‰oo (9.4%). Regarding this class of diseases, the highest morbidity rates were associated with high blood pressure – 29.9%, cerebrovascular diseases – 28.4%, and hypertension– 25.4%. In federal subjects of the Russian Federation, the difference in the incidence of COVID-19 in the studied population was almost 6-fold in 2021: from 3463.4‰oo in the Chechen Republic to 20 481.6‰oo in the Altai Republic, indicating the ambiguity of COVID-19. During the year of the analysis (2020–2021), the mortality rates in the studied population increased from 4 408.1 to 5 102.9‰oo (by 39.1%), the primary incidence increased from 57 041.4 to 60 183.5‰oo (by 26. 3%), the incidence of COVID-19 increased from 4 373.9 to 10 304.1 COVID-19 (by 135.6%).Conclusion. The results of the study should be taken into account at the federal, regional and municipal levels during planning dispensary and preventive work for the health protection of the older generation.

Magnetic Laser Radiation Use for the Technological Characteristics Optimization of Raw Milk

The high-quality raw materials availability in Russia today is the main determining factor in the dairy market development. High bacterial contamination leads to a deterioration in taste, a decrease in the nutritional value of raw milk and products made from it, and also contributes to a significant reduction in its shelf life. The research aims at the magnetic laser exposure use to raw milk to optimize its technological characteristics. Depending on the power, radiation frequency and exposure time, a man run the experiment with raw milk selected from one batch of cows in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Streletskoe” of the Russian Agricultural Academy of the Oryol district of the Oryol region, in comparison with raw milk pasteurized at a temperature of (76 ± 2) °C for 20 sec. The researchers used the device “Mustang 1” (model 017) with and without a magnetic laser nozzle MLO-1 as a magnetic laser emitter. They studied the laser exposure impact on the organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of raw milk in order to create conditions for the high-quality, competitive fermented milk products manufacture. The magnetic laser radiation reduces the titratable acidity of raw milk by 1–2 °T, enabling an increase in the milk grade from the second to the first one and an extension of the bactericidal phase in compliance with organoleptic parameters. The authors adjusted the optimal mode of processing raw milk using magnetic laser radiation: power – 80 W, radiation frequency – 3000 Hz, exposure – 256 sec.

Iodine in soils, pasture vegetation cuttings, and local food products of certain regions of Russia affected by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident

Natural iodine deficiency, which in some regions of Russia provokes thyroid diseases, increases the consequences of the entry of short-lived radioactive isotopes of this element into the food chain as a result of the Chernobyl accident (1986). The aim of the work is to assess the risk of morbidity of the population of the Kaluga, Bryansk and Oryol regions with thyroid cancer at the level of individual settlements based on experimental data. The iodine content in soils and vegetation cuttings of pastures in geochemically contrasting landscapes, as well as in cows' milk and potatoes of private household farms in the regions affected by the Chernobyl accident in 1986: Bryansk (2021), Oryol (2022) and Kaluga (2023) regions was studied. Joint expeditions of the Laboratory of Environmental Biogeochemistry of GEOKHI RAS and the Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology of the Institute of Ecology of RUDN, carried out on the initiative and with the participation of the authors, revealed a significant variation of iodine concentration in soils and food products, which may be crucial for assessing the risk of thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer, among the local rural population. The iodine content was found to be highly variable in both topsoil (0.31-3.04 mg/kg) and grass cuttings (0.14-0.29 mg/kg) of the study area. The maximum natural and technogenic risk of thyroid cancer morbidity in the rural population as a result of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident of 1986 is specific for the studied settlements of Zhizdrinsky district of Kaluga region, Bolkhovsky, Dmitrovsky and Sverdlovsky districts of Oryol region, Rognedinsky district of Bryansk region.

Reducing Electricity Losses at 10/0.4 kV Transformer Substations by Replacing one Transformer With two and Using Photovoltaic Arrays

Using the example of rural electrical networks in the Oryol region, it was revealed that transformers are loaded at 20-25%. The use of photovoltaic arrays (PV) in the grid structure leads to an additional seasonal reduction in load. A method has been proposed to reduce electricity losses in transformer substations by replacing one transformer with two of lower power. An assessment was made of the reduction in losses and their cost when using the proposed method, including the use of photovoltaic arrays.

Inheritance of productivity elements in hybrid populations of lentils in the conditions of Omsk region

The paper presents the results of studying the heritability coefficients of key productivity elements (number of pods per plant, number and mass of seeds per plant) in second-generation hybrid populations of lentils. The authors conducted the study from 2020 to 2022 on an experimental plot at the educational and experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk SAU in the southern foreststeppe of the Omsk Region. The hydrotechnical coefficient values indicated arid conditions in 2020 (HTC = 0.62) and 2021 (HTC = 0.68) and slightly dry conditions in 2022 (HTC = 1.02). The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-chernozem, moderately thick (45 cm), with low humus content (3.95% humus), and rather clayey (35% physical clay) with a soil solution reaction close to neutral (pH – 6.5). The predecessor crop was spring soft wheat. Four collection samples of lentils with a set of economically valuable traits of different eco-geographical origins were studied: k-2888 (Moldova), k-2849 (Russia, Altai Krai), Rauza (Russia, Oryol Region), Vekhovskaya (Russia, Saratov Region), and four hybrids F2 obtained as a result of hybridisation: k-2888 x Rauza, k-2888 x Vekhovskaya, k-2849 x Rauza, k-2849 x Vekhovskaya. The analysis of the received data showed that the number of pods and seeds per plant is characterised by high heritability (H2 = 54.8% and H2 = 56.1%, respectively). In comparison, the seed mass per plant has low heritability (H2 = 21.7%). It means that genetic indicators determine the phenotypic variability of the number of pods and seeds per plant. In contrast, environmental conditions influence the seed mass per plant during the growing season. Promising in practical lentil breeding for increasing productivity, considering three leading indicators, are the hybrid combinations k-2888 x Rauza and k-2888 x Vekhovskaya.

Global Crystallographic Texture of Pyrite in Fossil Wood (Jurassic, Oryol Region, Russia)

Many works are devoted to the study of the crystallographic texture of primary skeletal minerals of animals. But how the directions of mineral crystals that replace the organic matter in the fossil state are oriented is unknown. Here we investigated the crystallographic texture of pyrite grown on an organic matrix and without it. Jurassic pyritized wood (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) was studied by the neutron diffraction method. The global crystallographic texture of pyrite in nodules and fossil wood is compared. It was found that in both cases, the isoline patterns of pole figures and texture sharpness are similar to the same characteristics of abiogenic calcite. But the orientations of pyrite crystals in wood are more ordered, the isolines are closer, and the regions of maximum pole density are wider. That is, the pyrite crystals that replaced the petrified wood are more ordered. This was influenced by the organic matrix on which the crystals grew. Repetition of a fossil mollusk shell shape without using its shell as a matrix for crystal growth does not lead to an increase in the crystallographic texture sharpness. This is illustrated by an example of the inner core calcite shell of the gastropod mollusk Bellerophon sp.