Orthotic Devices Research Articles

A systematic review and narrative synthesis of footwear and orthotic devices used in the management of ankle haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy in haemophilia.

IntroductionHaemarthrosis is a clinical feature of haemophilia leading to haemarthropathy. The ankle joint is most commonly affected, resulting in significant pain, disability and a reduction in health‐related quality of life. Footwear and orthotic devices are effective in other diseases that affect the foot and ankle, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but little is known about their effect in haemophilia.AimsTo review the efficacy and effectiveness of footwear and orthotic devices in the management of ankle joint haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy in haemophilia.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted. Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion and appraised methodological quality using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklists. A narrative analysis was undertaken.ResultsTen studies involving 271 male participants were eligible for inclusion. All studies were quasi‐experimental; three employed a within‐subject design. Two studies included an independent comparison or control group. A range of footwear and orthotic devices were investigated. Limited evidence from non‐randomised studies suggested that footwear and orthotic devices improve the number of ankle joint bleeding episodes, gait parameters and patient‐reported pain.ConclusionThis review demonstrates a lack of robust evidence regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of footwear and orthotic devices in the management of ankle joint haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy in haemophilia. Methodological heterogeneities and limitations with the study designs, small sample sizes and limited follow‐up of participants exist. Future studies utilising randomised designs, larger sample sizes, long‐term follow‐up and validated patient‐reported outcome measures are needed to inform the clinical management of ankle joint haemarthrosis and haemarthropathy.

Current Concepts Review: Orthotics In Post-operative Foot And Ankle Surgery

Minimally invasive image guided surgery and regenerative technologies have rapidly developed requiring changes in post-operative management protocols. With such a variety of options available for patients and varying ideas on which product is best suited for each procedure, practitioners play in important role in optimizing patient care when prescribing solutions. Function, aesthetics, and ease of mobility play key roles in patient acceptance of orthotic devices and determine the success of a product and recovery journey. This paper aims to investigate commonly utilized options for various foot and ankle conditions and compare their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. By analyzing available options, knowledge can be gained to create an optimized modular product that takes advantage of the best features of existing devices and offers a complete solution for every patient.

Locomotion Modes and Environmental Features Recognition Using Laser Distance Sensors

Recognition of locomotion mode (LM) has been used to control the lower limb powered prosthetic and orthotic devices for navigating autonomously on a variety of terrains. In addition, the knowledge of environmental features (EFs) can be utilized to modulate the joint kinetics of prosthetic devices in a precise manner. In this article, a novel LM recognition strategy has been proposed along with EFs estimation utilizing a combination of laser distance sensors (LDSs) and inertial measurement units (IMUs). LM was classified from outputs of eight sensors, i.e., six LDSs and two IMUs, utilizing support vector machine (SVM) followed by a majority voting scheme. A cloud of points was generated in the sagittal plane, which was further used to determine the EFs leveraging curve fitting techniques. The efficiency of the proposed method was tested with six healthy subjects and for a variety of LMs, such as walking on the level-ground, ramp, and stairs. The overall accuracy of LM classification and EF estimation was found to be equal to 97.85% and 95.36%, respectively. The proposed study is an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and cost-effective solution and can be used efficiently to control lower limb prosthetic devices. The novelty of this study is the simplification of the LM classification and EF estimation methods compared to a camera-based technique to facilitate real-time control of powered prostheses.

Experts' Perceived Patient Burden and Outcomes of Knee-ankle-foot-orthoses (Kafos) Vs. Microprocessor-stance-and-swing-phase-controlled-knee-ankle-foot Orthoses (Mp-sscos).

Patients with neuromuscular knee-instability assisted with orthotic devices experience problems including pain, falls, mobility issues and limited engagement in daily activities. The aim of this study was to analyse current real-life burden, needs and orthotic device outcomes in patients in need for advanced orthotic knee-ankle-foot-orthoses (KAFOs). An observer-based semi-structured telephone interview with orthotic care experts in Germany was applied. Interviews were transcribed and content-analysed. Quantitative questions were analysed descriptively. Clinical experts from eight centres which delivered an average of 49.9 KAFOs per year and 13.3 microprocessor-stance-and-swing-phase-controlled-knee-ankle-foot orthoses (MP-SSCOs) since product availability participated. Reported underlying conditions comprised incomplete paraplegia (18%), peripheral nerve lesions (20%), poliomyelitis (41%), post-traumatic lesions (8%) and other disorders (13%). The leading observed patient burdens were "restriction of mobility" (n=6), followed by "emotional strain" (n=5) and "impaired gait pattern" (n=4). Corresponding results for potential patient benefits were seen in "improved quality-of-life" (n=8) as well as "improved gait pattern" (n=8) followed by "high reliability of the orthosis" (n=7). In total, experts reported falls occurring in 71.5% of patients at a combined annual frequency of 7.0 fall events per year when using KAFOs or stance control orthoses (SCOs). In contrast, falls were observed in only 7.2 % of MPSSCO users. Advanced orthotic technology might contribute to better quality of life of patients, improved gait pattern and perceived reliability of orthosis. In terms of safety a substantial decrease in frequency of falls was observed when comparing KAFO and MP-SSCO users.

Design of cellular materials for multiscale topology optimization: application to patient-specific orthopedic devices

A flexible problem-specific multiscale topology optimization is introduced to associate different areas of the design domain with diverse microstructures extracted from a dictionary of optimized unit cells. The generation of the dictionary is carried out by exploiting micro-SIMP with AnisoTropic mesh adaptivitY (microSIMPATY) algorithm, which promotes the design of free-form layouts. The proposed methodology is particularized in a proof-of-concept setting for the design of orthotic devices for the treatment of foot diseases. Different patient-specific settings drive the prototyping of customized insoles, which are numerically verified and successively validated in terms of mechanical performances and manufacturability.

Continuous Wear of Night and Day Orthosis Is a Key Factor for Improvement of Fixed Equinus Deformity after the Transverse Vulpius Procedure.

Background: Equinus foot deformity is secondary to either spasticity or contracture of the gastrocnemius–soleus complex. The plantar flexion is basically treated conservatively; several different surgical methods have been discussed. This paper focuses on the improvement of passive ankle dorsiflexion after a transverse Vulpius procedure in equinus foot deformity. Additionally, the influence of consequent postoperative wear of orthosis on the improvement of ankle range of motion was investigated. Methods: In total, 41 patients with neuromuscular impairment and 59 equinus feet deformities were surgically treated by using a transverse Vulpius procedure. A total of 19 female patients and 22 male patients with a mean age at surgery of 10.18 years (2 to 31) were included. Mean follow-up took place 12.26 ± 7.95 months after surgery. Passive ankle dorsiflexion was measured and subjective patients’ satisfaction was assessed. Results: Range of motion, measured as the maximum of passive ankle joint dorsiflexion, improved significantly from −8° ± 5.9° to 11.1° ± 6.7° directly after surgery to 16.2° ± 10.7° at follow-up. The improvement of passive ankle dorsiflexion was significantly associated with the continuous wearing of night and day orthosis (p = 0.0045). Patient subjective satisfaction was very high. Conclusion: A transverse Vulpius procedure for aponeurotic gastrocnemius and soleus muscle lengthening of equinus foot deformity resulted in a significant improvement of passive ankle dorsiflexion. Positive surgical results correlated to a continuous use of orthotic devices.

Pressure relieving interventions for the management of diabetes-related foot ulcers: a study from the Northern Territory of Australia.

Offloading intervention is an important component in the management of diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU). The NT population is unique with certain distinctive challenges. Potential advantages of and barriers to optimal offloading methods in our setting were investigated. Consecutive patients with DFU treated with offloading devices between 2003 and 2015 at the Multidisciplinary Foot Clinic (MDFC), Royal Darwin Hospital were included. The outcome measures were healing, amputation and discontinuation. Risk factors for offloading failure were studied. Total contact cast (TCC) was the most common offloading used (n=175). The other removable non-TCC devices used were therapeutic footwear (n=74), CamWalker (n=35), and orthotic devices (n=43). The overall healing rate was 88.7%. Healing rates were higher (93.2% versus 83.5%, P < 0.05) and amputation rates were lower (4.0% versus 7.3%, P=0.026) in the TCC group than in the removable non-TCC group. The mean duration of offloading was longer in the TCC group (3.6 ± 1.5 versus. 3.2 ± 1.5months, P=0.008). Wagner grade ≥ 2 and removable non-TCC devices were significant risk factors for offloading failure. Patients treated with TCC had higher healing rates than those treated with removable non-TCC devices. The duration of offloading was longer than reported in other studies. Higher Wagner grade and removable non-TCC devices were risk factors for offloading failure. Non-removable offloading devices are the first choice in diabetes-related neuropathic ulcers.

REVIEW OF ARTICULATED ELBOW ORTHOTICS FOR JOINT STIFFNESS REHABILITATION.

Review articles on articulated elbow orthosis for joint stiffness rehabilitation. A literature review was conducted in journals available at the PubMed, Medline and LILACS databases, using the following Health Science Descriptors (DeCS): orthotic devices; braces; elbow; elbow joint; contracture; joint disorders. It sought to retrieve and analyze studies with the highest level of evidence that have already been conducted on articulated elbow orthosis for joint stiffness rehabilitation. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, four articles were included from PubMed and none from Medline or LILACS. Of the four PubMed articles, two were systematic reviews and two were randomized clinical trials. Articulated elbow orthoses can benefit joint stiffness treatment, improving range of motion and pain, showing superior effect compared to non-articulated plaster orthotics. Level of Evidence III, Systematic Review of Level III Studies.

Radiotherapy for Plantar Fibromas (Ledderhose Disease).

Ledderhose disease (plantar fibromas) is histologically related to Dupuytren disease, which has been successfully treated for years with radiotherapy. Many conservative treatments have been advanced for plantar fibromas, including accommodative orthotic devices, which help but do not cure the disease. Surgery is considered the mainstay of treatment for this malady, but the failure rate has been as high as 100%, depending on the type of fasciectomy. Radiotherapy is a new, exciting modality that has shown promising results for treating plantar fibromas.

A survey of the status of orthotic device 5 management and the content of guidance received at the time of orthotic device prescription for people with post-stroke survivor

A survey of the status of orthotic device 5 management and the content of guidance received at the time of orthotic device prescription for people with post-stroke survivor

Robotic Emulation of Candidate Prosthetic Foot Designs May Enable Efficient, Evidence-Based, and Individualized Prescriptions.

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe design and selection of lower-limb prosthetic devices is currently hampered by a shortage of evidence to drive the choice of prosthetic foot parameters. We propose a new approach wherein prostheses could be designed, specified, and provided based on individualized measurements of the benefits provided by candidate feet. In this manuscript, we present a pilot test of this evidence-based and personalized process.MethodsWe previously developed a “prosthetic foot emulator,” a wearable robotic system that provides users with the physical sensation of trying on different prosthetic feet before definitive fitting. Here we detail preliminary demonstrations of two possible approaches to personalizing foot design: 1) an emulation and test-drive strategy of representative commercial foot models, and 2) a prosthetist-driven tuning procedure to optimize foot parameters.ResultsThe first experiment demonstrated large and sometimes surprising differences in optimal prosthetic foot parameters across a variety of subjects, walking conditions, and outcome measures. The second experiment demonstrated a quick and effective simple manual tuning procedure for identifying preferred prosthetic foot parameters.ConclusionsEmulator-based approaches could improve individualization of prosthetic foot prescription. The present results motivate future clinical studies of the validity, efficacy, and economics of the approach across larger and more diverse subject populations.Clinical RelevanceToday, emulator technology is being used to accelerate research and development of novel prosthetic and orthotic devices. In the future, after further refinement and validation, this technology could benefit clinical practice by providing a means for rapid test-driving and optimal selection of clinically available prosthetic feet.

A Way of Bionic Control Based on EI, EMG, and FMG Signals.

Creating highly functional prosthetic, orthotic, and rehabilitation devices is a socially relevant scientific and engineering task. Currently, certain constraints hamper the development of such devices. The primary constraint is the lack of an intuitive and reliable control interface working between the organism and the actuator. The critical point in developing these devices and systems is determining the type and parameters of movements based on control signals recorded on an extremity. In the study, we investigate the simultaneous acquisition of electric impedance (EI), electromyography (EMG), and force myography (FMG) signals during basic wrist movements: grasping, flexion/extension, and rotation. For investigation, a laboratory instrumentation and software test setup were made for registering signals and collecting data. The analysis of the acquired signals revealed that the EI signals in conjunction with the analysis of EMG and FMG signals could potentially be highly informative in anthropomorphic control systems. The study results confirm that the comprehensive real-time analysis of EI, EMG, and FMG signals potentially allows implementing the method of anthropomorphic and proportional control with an acceptable delay.

Ağrısı ve Kinezyofobisi Olmayan Ortez Kullanan Bireylerin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Sağlıklı Kontrollerle ve Kendi Içinde Karşılaştırılması

Purpose: Using orthosis due to orthopedic problems are common in adults. Positive effects of orthoses are correcting existing deformities, preventing progression and immobilizing a weak/injured segment. However, the effect of orthosis on level of physical activity in pain-free individuals has not been investigated. This controlled trial investigated the level of physical activity of individuals without pain and kinesiophobia who use orthoses and compared the results with healthy individuals. Material and Methods: 244 participants (94 using orthoses, 150 healthy individuals) who were 18-65 years old participated in this study. Individuals who were painless according to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and without kinesiophobia according to the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale were included in the study. Physical activity was measured with The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The IPAQ scores showed that healthy individuals had a statistically higher level of physical activity compared to those who used orthotic devices for any part of their body (p&amp;lt;0.001). When the orthosis subgroups were analyzed, there was no statistically significant difference in physical activity amongst the subgroups (p=0.906, p=0.819, p=0.537). Discussion: This study shows that in addition to the clinical benefits provided by orthoses, they can lead to complications such as significant decrease in physical activity in individuals. Raising awareness that physical activity may decrease in patients using orthoses, and therefore increasing physical activity levels, should become an important part of rehabilitation.

Biomechanical foot analysis in case of four typologies: normal foot, pes cavus, pes planus and hallux valgus

As each person is different in terms of conformation of the foot and temporal and spatial peculiarities of the individual gait pattern, an extended biomechanical analysis was performed for four categories of foot identified by the authors in a previous research study, namely normal, pes cavus (high arched), pes planus (flat) and hallux-valgus foot, in the case of young people aged 20-30 years. A representative case study was selected and the plantar pressures obtained in dynamics were analysed, following the next sequence: framing the subject in the appropriate category, simultaneous visualisation of the footprint for the left and right foot, impulse analysis, recording the variation of plantar pressures and the forces exerted on the foot as a function of time, calculating the percentage values of balance on the rear-foot, heel and medial areas, positioning of the foot axis according to the direction of movement, identification of individual characteristics of walking phases and their temporal / spatial characterisation parameters, highlighting the hysteresis for heel and rear-foot areas, recommendations for the application of orthotic devices. These results are significant in the modelling and design of the bottom shoe assembly, thus proposing solutions for balancing the pressures on the plantar surface by choosing the appropriate dimensional and shape characteristics of the components of this assembly.

Development of a wearable orthotic device pattern to prevent hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy

PurposeThis study suggest the development of a wearable orthotic device pattern that can reduce pain and deformation, and help in the normal development of children with cerebral palsy. Such a pattern enables daily wear before hip subluxation occurs, to prevent hip dislocation and subluxation.Design/methodology/approachThis study set the design line by carrying out cell work on the actual model, then proceeded with the first pattern design. The final version of the second orthotic device was designed by conducting discussions with experts and the patient's guardian, with the device fitted to the child patient. The evaluation of the second orthotic device used the virtual model to check the pressure area and level through virtual fitting. An evaluation was then conducted with the device fitted to the child patient, to verify the functionality and suitability of the final pattern.FindingsFollowing the initial fitting evaluation, the second pattern was presented after modifying and supplementing issues such as movement suitability with posture change, position change of the great trochanter when wearing a diaper, pressure control of the X-shaped band on the genital area and thigh abduction. The master pattern of the final version of the second orthotic device was proposed after confirming that the femoral head of the hip joint was stably fixed, and the compression was applied through a verification based on the virtual fitting using the virtual model, and with the device fitted to the child patient.Originality/valueWith this study, it is expected that the process and design plan for the development of wearable orthotic device patterns for the persons with disabilities impaired mobility can be used as a basic resource to create devices that merge the clothing and medical fields.

Effects of early rehabilitation in improvement of paediatric burnt hands function.

BACKGROUNDHands are one of the most common burn sites in children. Hypertrophic scar contractures in hands after wound healing result in further reductions in their range of motion (ROM), motility, and fine motor activities. Rehabilitation can improve the function of hands. But the optimal time of rehabilitation intervention is still unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of early rehabilitation management of paediatric burnt hands and to compare the efficacy between early and later rehabilitation intervention.AIMTo investigate the effects of early rehabilitation management of paediatric burnt hands. METHODSA total of 52 children with burnt hands were allocated into the early intervention group (≤ 1 mo from onset) and a late intervention group (> 1 mo from onset) between January 2016 and December 2017. The children received the same rehabilitation programme including skin care, scar massage, passive ROM exercises, active ROM exercises, compression therapy, orthotic devices wearing and game or music therapy. Rehabilitation assessments were performed before and after the rehabilitation treatment.RESULTSIn the early intervention group, the ROM of the hands was significantly improved after rehabilitation (P = 0.001). But in the late group the effect was not significant statistically (P = 0.142). In the early group, 38.5% of the patients showed significant improvement, while in the late group, 69.2% of the patients showed no significant improvement. The time from onset to posttraumatic rehabilitation (P = 0.0007) and length of hospital stay (P = 0.003) were negatively correlated with the hand function improvement. The length of rehabilitation stay was positively correlated with the hand function improvement (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that early rehabilitation might show better results in terms of ROM.

Risk factors for functional deterioration in a cohort with late effects of poliomyelitis: A ten-year follow-up study.

More than 7000 patients developed poliomyelitis during the main epidemic in the fifties in Israel. In recent years, there is a further deterioration in their condition due to accelerated aging process and post-polio syndrome. To evaluate the risk factors for the progression of functional status in a cohort of patients with late effect of poliomyelitis over a period of ten years. A cross-sectional cohort study including 82 individuals with late effect of poliomyelitis evaluated over ten years. Mean age was 67±8.5 years, 52.4%were men and 79.3%were Jewish. Functional status was evaluated by activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire. Risk factors, including general comorbidities, history of poliomyelitis infection, use of assistive devices, employment, and physical activity statuses were evaluated using specific questionnaires. Independence in ADL functions deteriorated significantly over ten years. Older age, ethnicity, use of a wheelchair, and use of orthotic devices in childhood were risk factors for deterioration in ADL function. No correlation was found between the presence of other comorbidities or poliomyelitis parameters and worsening of ADL functions. Late effect of poliomyelitis was associated with deterioration in ADL functions probably due to the combined effect of the initial severity of the paralytic poliomyelitis symptoms and accelerated aging.

Orthotic Device Use in Canine Patients: Owner Perception of Quality of Life for Owners and Patients.

Orthotic devices are an established treatment for neuromusculoskeletal disease in the human population. Orthoses are an emerging veterinary therapy due to limited practitioner experience, availability of devices, and published data from veterinary patient outcomes. Expanding client education and veterinary expertise in the application of orthoses may allow greater access and successful utilization of these devices to treat appendicular disease. While orthoses have the potential to improve quality of life for veterinary patients, consideration needs to be made for owner related factors with device use. Owner satisfaction and experience may greatly impact compliance with treatment recommendations; therefore, it is crucial that owner expectations are met. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate owner-reported outcomes of orthosis for canine patients and their owner's subjective responses about the shared pet/owner experience utilizing a promoter score. It was hypothesized that owner's impressions of their pet's experience with the orthotic device would influence owner perceptions of quality of life for both the owner and the pet, and these factors would impact the likelihood of the owner to recommend a veterinary orthosis to a friend. An anonymous online survey was sent to 136 clients of a single veterinary orthoses manufacturer. Fifty-six surveys were completed and included for analysis. The owner's reported quality of life was in agreement (P = 0.02) with reported pet quality of life. There was also a higher likelihood (P = 0.02) for the owner to recommend a veterinary orthotic device to a friend when owner perceptions of pet quality of life were positive as compared to negative or neutral. Willingness to recommend an experience to a friend is a reflection of satisfaction with the experience. The dependence of owner and pet quality of life should therefore guide therapeutic decisions for patient management and client communication to ensure that the orthosis experience is positive for both patient and owner.

Comfort perception of 3D printed orthotics in individuals with symptomatic pes planus

Introduction: Custom-made foot orthoses are an integral part of managing of foot disorders in individuals with symptomatic pes planus (flat feet). Traditional orthotic fabrication is time-consuming and labour intensive. Technological advancement means that the orthotic design process can be automated, and manufacture could include the use of 3D printing. Purported benefits include reduced design and manufacturing time, ability to replicate subsequent orthotic devices, a reduction in waste production and improved fit and comfort. This study compared the structural dimensions of 3D printed and traditionally-made foot orthoses, and comfort perception in individuals with symptomatic pes planus. Methods: Thirteen flat-footed individuals with unilateral heel pain participated in this study. Participants’ feet were measured using a foot scanner and plaster casting. Foot scans and plaster casts were sent to a single orthotic laboratory which produced a 3D printed and a traditional foot orthotic device. Orthotic length, width, arch height and heel cup height were measured using callipers. Following fitment, participants performed three walking trials 1) no orthoses, 2) 3D printed orthoses and 3) traditionally-made orthoses. Comfort perception was recorded with a comfort survey on a scale of -50 (most uncomfortable) to +50 (most comfortable), with ‘zero’ being neither comfortable nor uncomfortable. Paired t-tests examined differences in orthotic dimensions and one-way ANOVA was used to analyse comfort perception. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05. Results: Traditionally-made orthoses were narrower (p<0.001), had lower arch heights at the sustentaculum tali (p=0.005) and navicular (p=0.003), and lower heel cup height (p<0.001) compared to 3D printed orthoses. There was no difference in orthoses length (p=0.286). A significant difference in comfort perception in overall experience (F(2,36) = 4.81, p =0.014), heel cushioning (F(2,36) = 6.20, p =0.005), forefoot cushioning (F(2,36) = 6.30, p =0.004), medio-lateral control (F(2,36) = 8.17, p =0.001), arch support (F2,36 = 11.16, p <0.001) and heel cup fit (F(2,36) = 12.45, p <0.001) was observed. Post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction revealed that 3D printed orthoses and traditionally made orthoses were both rated more comfortable than no orthoses. There was no difference in ratings between 3D printed orthoses and traditionally-made foot orthoses. Discussion: Traditionally-made orthoses are narrower, have lower arch heights, and have lower heel cup heights compared to 3D printed orthoses. These differences do not affect the comfort perception in wearers with symptomatic pes planus. 3D printing appears to be a viable alternative orthotic fabrication option but future studies comparing the biomechanical impact of 3D printed orthoses is needed. Conflict of interest statement: My co-authors and I acknowledge that we have no conflict of interest of relevance to the submission of this abstract.

Optimal Channel-set and Feature-set Assessment for Foot Movement Based EMG Pattern Recognition

ABSTRACT Electromyography (EMG) -based control is the most convenient and robust way to classify body movements for controlling prosthetic as well as orthotic devices. Its translation from lab-based approach to assistive devices demands a problem-centric and cost-effective solution. This paper demonstrates its utility for the classification of four foot movements, viz Plantar flexion, Dorsi flexion, Eversion and Inversion. For the experimental study, four superficial muscles (viz. Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Gastrocnemius Medial and Fibularis Longus) were identified as electrode positioning locations for the EMG data acquisition. This work is aimed to minimize the number of electrode locations without significantly affecting the classification performance. Channel-set CH2,4 corresponding to the combination of Hallucis Longus and Fibularis Longus muscles is found to be the most optimal. The maximum classification accuracy obtained for the given set with the selected feature-set has been (91.85 ± 3.57)%. The classification performance has been assessed on the basis of parameters such as the type of classifier, window length, data sampling and also the body mass index of the participants. The developed technique can be applied for control of ankle exoskeletons for healthy as well as person with certain disabilities.